Table of Content

15 October 2016, Volume 18 Issue 5

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Review and Suggestions on Agriculture  “Four Subsidies” Policy in China

ZHU Fu-shou, JIANG He-ping*

2016, 18(5):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.165

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The “four subsidies” policy takes an important position in Chinas agricultural subsidy policies and makes  significant contribution for the development of agriculture in China. This paper reviewed the recent implementation status  of “four subsidies” policy and found existing problems including inadequate understanding, insufficient coordination, policy effect reducing, and lacking of law for  agricultural subsidy implementation. This paper also put forward suggestions as continuous increasing investment on agricultural subsidies, optimizing the expenditure structure of agricultural subsidies, supporting innovation about agricultural subsidies, strengthening performance management in agricultural subsidies, and accelerating the construction of legal system for agricultural subsidies, so as to provide policy references for the on-going reform of agricultural subsidy in China, and to build a more scientific and rational policy system of agricultural subsidies.

Construction and Development of Animal Disease Risk Analysis System in China

LU Chang-hua, HE Kong-wang, HU Yi-nong, TAN Ye-ping, YU Da-wei

2016, 18(5):  8-16.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.112

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Recently, countries with developed animal husbandry have won remarkable achievements in applying animal health risk analysis technology to prevent and control  animal diseases, to assure animal product safety, and to promote international trade of animals and animal products. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from foreign advanced experience, and to strengthen the construction of animal health risk analysis system in China. This paper summarized the application and development of animal health risk analysis in European Union, the United States, Japan, Canada, etc. developed countries; and the domestic systems of management and operation in preventing animal epidemics, preserving security of animal products and public health. The paper also analyzed the application status of animal health risk analysis in China, and put forward problems existing in risk assessment of bred introduction, risk information collection, slaughtering risk management, laws and regulation systems, etc.. The paper suggested to strengthen and perfect the construction of animal health risk analysis system from improving animal health risk analysis system, up-grading risk management ability, perfecting risk communication mechanism, raising  technical ability, establishing quick report and evaluation system for external diseases and outbreak epidemic, and building processing analysis platform for pandemic data.

Research on Agricultural Big Data Based on Spatial Data Warehouse

HAN Jia-qi1, MAO Ke-biao1,2*, XIA Lang3, LIU Qing1, MA Ying1,2, GUO Hao4

2016, 18(5):  17-24.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.741

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As an important driving force for development of modern agriculture, agricultural big data can find valuable data, mine hidden information from the massive data base, and grasp the internal connection and regular pattern between data effectively. In many sources of agricultural data, spatial data is still an important component. The theory and technology of spatial data warehouse is the key to develop agricultural big data. Spatial data warehouse is an extension of data warehouse in the space field, it can not only store, organize and manage the agricultural spatial data effectively, but also provide supporting environment for agricultural data analysis. This paper discussed and analyzed the system architecture of agricultural big data, and presented a comprehensive study and analysis from 4 areas: data collection, data integration processing, data analysis and data application, by taking the advantages of spatial data warehouse in spatial data processing and combining the theory of spatial data mining. Finally, this paper provided some suggestions and thinking according to the present status of current studies on agricultural big data in China.

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Rolled Leaf Mutant zw209 in Rice

LI Zhan-peng, WU Jin-xia, ZHANG Zhi-guo*

2016, 18(5):  25-32.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.061

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Leaf is the main organ of plant photosynthesis, fine leaf shape is beneficial for shaping the ideal plant type and improve the efficiency of photosynthesis. In order to study the molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis, an extreme rolled leaf mutant zw209 was screened from the rice T-DNA insertion mutant library. Compared with the wild type, zw209 had two significant features: (1) the number and area of mutants bulliform cells were smaller; (2) the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of mutant were higher. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Through map-based cloning, the gene ZW209 was located on the long arm of rice chromosome 9 and a 92.3 kb region between markers InDel136 and InDel140. There was no rolling leaf rice gene had been reported in this section, so the gene ZW209 might be a new gene loci.  Above results defined the inheritance and phenotype characteristics of this inward rolled leaf mutant, which provided a basis for cloning this gene and functional mechanism analysis.

Cloning and Function Analysis of bHLH Transcription Factor Gene GhMYC4 from Gossypium hirsutism L.

GAO Li-hua1, LIU Bo-xin1,2, LI Jin-bo3, WU Yan-min1, TANG Yi-xiong1*

2016, 18(5):  33-41.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.729

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In this study, a full-length cDNA sequence (GenBank No：KF751654）encoding a bHLH transcription factor GhMYC4 was isolated from Gossypium hirsutism L. via silico cloning. Results of bioinformatic analysis showed that the cDNA sequence contained a complete open reading frame of 1 650 bp, encoding a protein of 549 amino acids. The N-terminal of GhMYC4 protein contained a typical conserved bHLH-MYC-N domain of MYC protein, and its C-terminal contained a typical DNA binding domain bHLH. Results of homologous sequence alignment analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that GhMYC4 protein was most closely related to Gossypium hirsutism L. bHLH and Theobroma cacao bHLH. It had a great similarity with MYC2 family members of other speices. The tissue expression pattern analysis using RT-PCR and Q-PCR showed that GhMYC4 was highly expressed in the root and leaf of cotton, but only faintly expressed in the fiber tissue. Subcellular localization analysis of the transient expression of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts confirmed that the GhMYC4 protein was located in the nucleus. Under the experiments of drought and salt stresses, overexpression of GhMYC4 in Arabidopsis showed a good drought resistance and salt tolerance compared to the control. The contents of relative moisture, soluble sugar and proline in the transgentic arabidopsis thaliana were all significantly higher than those in the control, and the MDA content was significantly lower than that of the control group. The results of this study  provided a new gene source for the cultivation of new drought resistant and salt tolerant cotton varieties.

The Seasonal Variation of Non-structural Carbohydrate Contents in The Roots of Twelve Alfalfa Varieties

SHI Li-yuan, LUO Xiu-mei, ZHANG Yong-liang*

2016, 18(5):  42-48.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.056

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This paper studied the seasonal variation in contents of non-structural carbohydrate in roots of different alfalfa varieties during late autumn (October 15) and early spring (April 8), so as to provide theoretical basis for extension and application of local alfalfa varieties. Twelve alfalfa varieties at home and abroad were taken as experimental materials, the cold resistant physiological characteristics of different alfalfa varieties were compared and studied, through testing the contents of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, total sugar and starch in the roots of these 12 alfalfa varieties during late autumn and early spring. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in contents of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, total sugar and soluble sugar/starch value in roots of different alfalfa varietied in late autumn and early spring. And there were significant differences (P<0.05) in contents of starch during autumn, but no obvious difference (P>0.05）was found in spring. There was a large difference in the descent range of non-structural carbohydrate content in roots of different alfalfa varieties from late autumn to early spring next year. And the decline rate in contents of soluble sugar, starch, reducing sugar and total sugar was 8.71%~41.43%, 51.21%~79.37%, 17.47%~56.16% and 26.10%~48.78%, respectively. These 12 alfalfa varieties were classified into 3 groups by clustering analysis. The group I had lower starch content in root, including M1 and M8 varieties, their starch contents were lower than 3.0%. The group Ⅱ had higher starch content in root, including 5 varieties: M3, M4, M6, M7 and M11 and their starch contents were 3.91%~4.82%. And group Ⅲ had higher soluble sugar content in root including 5 varieties: M2、M5、M9、M10、M12 and their soluble sugar contents were over 8.0% and the starch contents were between 3.0%~4.0%.

Study on Germination Characteristics of Three Ferula Seed

ZHANG Meng-huan1, QI Jian-jun1, LI Xian-en1, KAISA Sulaiman2*

2016, 18(5):  49-53.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.053

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Ferula, originated from several Ferula plants, is an important ethnic miedicine used by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. This study collected seeds of 3 Ferula plants namely F. dissecta, F. krylovii and F.sinkiangensis for a complehensive study on their seed exterior appearance, thousand seed weight, water uptake ability, germination charecteristics and temperature stratification treatment. The results indicated that seeds of these 3 Ferula plants had rapid water uptaking ability, but with different seed germination rates. F. dissecta seed could germinate at normal temperature, but seeds of F. krylovii and F.sinkiangensis had seed dormancy with different degrees. Low temperature stratification could breake seed dormancy. The high and low temperature stratification treatments could effectively improve seed germination rate. Under high temperature treatment(25℃/15℃) for 14 d, then followed by low temperature treatment(4℃) for 42 d, F. krylovii seed germination rate could reach 46%. After high temperature treatment for 42 d then followed by low temperature stratification treatment for 56 d, F.sinkiangensis seed germination rate could reach 64%.

The Phenotype Analysis of NUP107-160 Subcomplex Mutants in Arabidopsis

XIAO Long1, LIU Wen-xuan2, CHEN Fu-lu3, ZHANG Xiao-mei3,

2016, 18(5):  54-61.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.065

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Nuclear pore complex (NPC) is one of the large protein complex in nuclear envelope, and is involved in lots of growth and developmental processes through gating nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of RNA and proteins in various organisms. Currently, only several components function of NPC have been  analyzed in plants. Though identifying the mutants of all members in NUP107-160 subcomplex and analyzing their phenotypes, this paper found that mutants of nup160, nup96, nup85, nup107, and seh1 had longer circadian periods of leaf movement and shorter primary roots. But, only three mutants, nup160, nup96, and nup107,  significantly displayed early flowering. The results indicated that NUP107-160 subcomplex might be a novel player for the regulation of circadian clock, root elongation, and flowering time in Arabidopsis.


Identification and Degradation Optimization of a High  Nicotine Endurance Strain Arthrobacter sp. AH14

DENG Na-na1,2, LUO Di1, ZHONG Juan1,2, ZHOU Jin-yan1,TAN Hong1*

2016, 18(5):  62-71.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.082

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Nicotine is the main component of tobacco alkaloids, its content will directly affect the quality of tobacco leaves. At present, our countrys cigarette enterprises face a hard problem that upper leaves of high nicotine content cant be greatly used in tobacco blend. Besides, since nicotine is toxic, how to remove nicotine from tobacco waste is another major challenge which tobacco industry faces, so its very important to find a simple, low consumption, environmental approach to degrade nicotine. Our laboratory previously isolated and stored a nicotine degrading strain AH14 and this study identified AH14 as Arthrobacter sp., according to the morphological characteristics, biochemical and physiological property, 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis. Then, with 6 g/L nicotine as the sole carbon source, the nicotine degradation conditions of this strain was optimized, the results showed that the optimum conditions for nicotine degradation were: inoculum size 12.5%, pH 6.5, 34℃, rotation rate 120 r/min. Under the best condition, the strain could completely degrade 6 g/L nicotine and degrade 30.22% of 14 g/L nicotine after cultication for 120 h. It showed that the strain AH14 had a strong ability to degrade nicotine, so it could be applied to degrade high concentration nicotine.

Research Progress on Terpenoids and Metabolic Regulation in Oolong Tea

CHEN Shou-song1, LIN Hong-zheng1,2, SUN Yun1,2*, JIN Xin-yi1,2, HU Juan1, ZHOU Zi-wei1

2016, 18(5):  72-80.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.057

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Aroma (volatile compound) is one of the significant indicators for evaluating sensory properties of Oolong tea. The terpenoids usually show floral and fruit scent in plantae. This paper summarized and analyzed the terpenoids such as sesquiterpenes (trans-nerolidol,α-farnesene) and monoterpenes (linalool and oxide) detected as main components in Oolong tea, their scents threshold value were low. Several items about rate-limiting reaction and key regulatory gene in terpenoids synthesis metabolic pathway of Oolong tea were also summarized, including location, influence factors,metabolish pathway and precursor substances. Meanwhile, the paper also prostected the future research direction emphasizing on  terpenoids synthesis metabolic pathway and key gene functional identification of Oolong tea under abiotic stress, so as to systematicly and throughly reveal the action mechanism of aroma formation during Oolong tea manufacturing  processes.

The Intelligent Monitoring System for Environment of Facility Crop Based on Internet of Things Technology

ZANG He-cang1§, WANG Yan-jing2§, ZHANG Jie1, HU Feng1, ZHAO Qing1, LI Guo-qiang1, ZHENG Guo-qing1*

2016, 18(5):  81-87.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.263

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In order to improve intelligent management level for facility crop production and according to the need of facility crop monitoring and management, this paper studied and developed an environment intelligent monitoring system for facility crop based on internet of things technology. In the process of facility crop growth and development, this system could carry out real-time monitoring on facility crop in the whole course, and realize  on-line distance-vision monitoring in greenhouse environmental parameters including light, temperature, gas etc.. Furthermore, it could also control the remote automation equipments such as wet curtain fan, spray irrigation，internal and external shading, heating fill light and etc., so as to implement the automatic control of greenhouse environment, improve the efficiency and accuracy of data acquisition. Through the application of practical production, this system was proved to have the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, flexible expansion, stable performance, etc., indicating its  rationality, stability and practicality. The construction and running of this system provided decision support for real-time tracking monitoring, comprehensive analysis and successful management on facility crop growth.

Geometric Modeling of Maize Ear based on Three-dimensional Point Cloud

WEN Wei-liang1,2, WANG Yong-jian1,2, XU Tong-yu3*, YANG Tao3, GUO Xin-yu1,2, ZHU Hong-yu4, DONG Cheng-yu4

2016, 18(5):  88-93.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.025

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Ear is maize yield composition organ. A geometric modeling method for maize ear based on three-dimensional (3D) point cloud was proposed to reconstruct high precision ear geometric models. According to the morphological characteristics of maize ear, a handheld 3D scanner Artec Spider was selected to build a fast point cloud acquisition system for maize ear. Point clouds of ear were acquired by the system and were processed by registration, re-sampling and hole repairing operation to get high quality point clouds. Finally, the ear mesh model was generated by  Voronoi graph based method. Results showed that the reconstructed ear models had high fidelity, thus the accuracy was greatly improved comparing with the computer vision based models. This method has an important role in promoting maize ear germplasm resource preservation, ear analyzing in 3D way and construction of 3D template repository of maize organs.

The Design And Implementation of Intelligent Monitoring System for Solar Greenhouse in Northern China

LI Ya-di, MIAO Teng, ZHU Chao, JI Jian-wei*

2016, 18(5):  94-101.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.016

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Establishing greenhouse intelligent monitoring system can promote the modernization of solar greenhouse facility horticulture in northern China. Intelligent monitoring system of solar greenhouse is helpful for increasing the yield of facility horticulture and realizing the modern  management of solar greenhouse. According to the need for  agricultural environment data monitoring and environment control at solar greenhouse in northern China, this paper designed a set of intelligent monitoring system based on the control core of STM32 MCU to meet the solar greenhouse environment in northern China. This system combined sensor technology, automatic measurement technology and communication technology to capture, storage, display, monitor and control the temperature, humidity, illuminance, CO2 concentration in solar greenhouse, and also conducted linear regression analysis on those data collected from the greenhouse environmental factors. Thus, the real-time telemetry, remote adjustment and remote control of greenhouse environment were completed. At the same time, the history and data of environmental factors of each  greenhouse were also provided. The testing results showed that this intelligent monitoring system operated stably with  accurate and reliable measurement result and good extensibility, which could satisfy the need for control and has great application prospect.

Application and Development Trend of Wearable Devices Technology in Dairy Farming

YU Shao-wen1,2, KONG Fan-tao2*, ZHANG Jian-hua2, ZHAO Zhi-qiang1,

2016, 18(5):  102-110.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.116

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Cow physiology monitoring is a development direction for dairy industry, which will change the traditional dairy industry model to a precisive management which based on information network. Wearable device technology can obtain real-time animal ontology information, and effectively monitor cow health index and prevent disease occurance. It can also sharply increase productivity and economic benefits of dairy industry. This paper introduced the application of wearable devices in cow physiology monitoring, including body temperature, activity level, heart rate and breathing rate of cows. It also expounded the research situation and development trend of wearable devices technology for cows at home and abroad, so as to provide references for further application and research on wearable devices technology in animal husbandry.

Impact Analysis of Reduce the Extraction of Groundwater on Wheat Production in North China Plain

ZHANG Kai, ZENG Zhao-hai*, ZHAO Jie, WANG Xi-quan, ZHOU Jie, XU He-shui, WANG Zhi-min

2016, 18(5):  111-117.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.054

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For a long time, North China Plain, as a major  grain production area, relies mainly on groundwater extraction to sustain agricultural production. Thus, regional water resources safety and ecological security are facing a huge challenge. To achieve the “reducible-exploitation” of groundwater, measures with saving water as the core were proposed by this region. Emphases were put on adjusting plantation structure, developing high-yield and low water consumption crops. Wheat as a principal grain crop of this area is yet a high water consumption crop. Therefore, it is of  important significance to defenit the relationship of wheat production and water resources safety in optimizing agricultural irrigation method and adjusting plantation structure in North China Plain. This paper adopted the method of combining investigation with data collection, studied on the effect of different irrigation methods and plantation structure on wheat yield and water consumption. It also discussed the impact of different production methods on wheat yield and grain security, and suggested that while  implementing “reducible-exploitation” of groundwate, attention should be paid on selecting reasonnable water-saving models or technology based on actual situation, instead of simply reducing wheat acreage in production or  even giving up wheat production.

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Level on CH4 and N2O Emission from Single Cropping Rice Field in Jianghan Plain

SU Rong-Rui1, LIU Kai-Wen1, WANG Bin2*, JIN Tao3, LI Jian-Ling2, CAI Wei-wei3, YOU Hui1, ZHOU Shou-hua1

2016, 18(5):  118-125.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.060

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Nitrogen is the key issue for securing rice (Oryza sative L.) output, and at the same time will affect greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. This paper studied the  effect of different nitrogen fertilizer applications on GHGs emission and rice yield at single cropping rice field in Jianghan Plain, so as to select a nitrogen fertilizer management suitable for low GHGs emmision and high rice yield at the locality. Taking single crop rice ‘Fengliangyouxiang1’ as material, 4 nitrogen fertilizer application treatments(T0: CK, T1: 90 kg N/hm2, T2: 150 kg N/hm2, T3: 210 kg N/hm2) were designed and static chamber-GC(gas chromatography) method was adopted to continousely supervise CH4 and N2O emission in paddy fields. At the same time, rice yield was tested, seasonal CH4 and N2O emission characteristics and comprehensive greenhouse effect (CO2-e) and greenhouse emision intensity were analyzed comprehensively. The results indicated that CH4 and N2O emission quantity had an obvious seasonal variation law under different nitrogen application treatments. Under T2 treatment, the seasonal cumulative CH4 emission quantities were maximum (302.5 kg/hm2), increased 106.7% compared with T0, which was significantly greater than those of treatments T0, T1, and T3. Under T3 treatment, the seasonal cumulative CH4 emission quantities were 160.5 kg/hm2, which were lower than that of T2 and T1 treatments. Under different nitrogen treatments, the growing season cumulative N2O emission quantities were between 0.465～0.63 kg/hm2. Under T3, T2 and T1 treatments, cumulative N2O emission quantities were significantly greater than T0 treatment, but there were not much differences between treatments T3, T2 and T1. Rice yield increased along with the increase of nitrogen application leves. Additionally, GHGI of T3 was minimum (0.39) and that of T2 was maximum (0.79). The differences between these 2 were significant（P＜0.05）. Therefore, 210 kg N/hm2 could be recommended as suitable nitrgen input for low GHG emission and high rice yield system in Jianghan Plain.

Effects of Continued Mulching of Plastic Film with Different Thickness on Soil Physical Properties and  Film Residues in Maize Field

TANG Wen-xue1, MA Zhong-ming2*, WEI Tao1, LIAN Cai-yun1

2016, 18(5):  126-133.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.736

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To investigate the effects of different thickness plastic film mulching on soil physical properties and plastic film residues in soil, this paper carried out 4 continuouse years studies by adopting a field trial. The results showed that: ①soil compactness and soil bulk density decreased in 0~40 cm soil layer as the thickness of plastic film increased. The soil bulk density for treatments of 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm decreased by 1.25% and 2.43%, respectively, while, that of 0.006 mm increased by 0.76% compared to 0.008 mm（CK）. ②From planting to bellbottom, daily average soil temperature for treatments of 0.006 mm, 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm increased by -0.90℃, 0.23℃ and 0.40℃ in 0~5 cm and -0.50℃, 0.19℃ and 0.28℃ in 5~10 cm soil, compared to that of the CK. The temperature increasing effect gradually weakened with the maize growing. ③In 25 d after irrigation, the soil water contents for treatments of 0.006 mm, 0.008 mm, 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm were 166.73 mm, 170.42 mm, 190.00 mm and 195.97 mm, respectively, decreased by 46.81%, 45.75%, 39.32% and 37.62%, respectively, compared to that  irrigation after 5 d  in 0~100 cm soil layer. ④In 0~30 cm soil layer, the amount of film residue in shallow soil was significantly more than that in deep soil, the film blocks with area of less than 4 cm2 were significantly more than that with area of 4~25 cm2 and above 25 cm2. The total accumulative film residues reached 79.03 kg/hm2, 57.68 kg/hm2, 50.32 kg/hm2, 53.58 kg/hm2 in 4 years for treatments of 0.006 mm, 0.008 mm, 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm. The residues for treatment of 0.006 mm were significantly higher than that of the CK. The plastic film with more than 0.008 mm of thickness was suggested to be used widely in crop production by comprehensive analysis of soil physical properties and influence of film residues.


Effect of Different Planting Methods on Two Peanut Crops a year in Early Spring in He'nan

ZHANG Jun, LIU Juan, TANG Feng-shou*, ZANG Xiu-wang, DONG Wen-zhao, ZHANG Zhong-xin, MIAO Li-juan, LIU Hua, XU Jing

2016, 18(5):  134-140.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.764

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In order to achieve two peanut crops a year in Henan Province, and to improve its propagation coefficient, this paper studied the effect of different planting patterns in  early spring on peanut yield of 2 crops per year. Taking ‘Yuhua9326’ as material, the experiment was carried out at ‘Yuanyang Base’ of Henan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Three sowing patterns of arched shed, plastic film, and open field were adopted to study their effects on temperature traits and growth development of peanut sowed in early spring and harvested twice per year. The results showed that peanuts propagation coefficient was increased by the pattern of arched shed plus plastic film, because the early stage of development process was obviously accelerated, and the ground temperature, humiture of small environment, number of pods and  percent of plump were all improved. Compare to cultivation in open field, the flowering time was 24 d earlier, and  ground temperature increased by 7℃, number of pods increased by 73%, percent of plump increased by 200%, propagation coefficient of single season reached 5 times, and annual reproductive coefficient were 13 times by arched shed plus plastic film. Through invescating temperature characteristics and propagation coefficient, this experiment studied and compared these 3 patterns, found the best measures, and solved the problems as low temperature,  lack of growth period and slow process in growth and development, thus the peanut propagation coefficient was increased. The paper also provided theoretical basis and technical supports for studies on peanuts yield of 2 crops a year in Henan Province.


Carbon Sink Effect in Pinus tabulaeformis Afforestation  Species of the Agro-pasture Zigzag Zone in Inner Mongolia

GUO Yue-feng1, QI Wei1,2, YAO Yun-feng1*, ZHANG Mei-li1, WEN Jian1, HAN Zhao-min1, LIU Long1, YUCHI Wen-si1

2016, 18(5):  141-147.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.034

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Afforestation project plays an important role in ecosystem restoration and exerts significant influence on global carbon cycle. This study took the Pinus tabulaeformis man-made forests in the agro-pasture zigzag zone of Inner Mongolia as research target, and natural grasslands as a referance; analyzed the effects of “conversion from grazing land to forest” on carbon stock and carbon cycle in the ecosystem. The results indicated that afforestation activities had led to rapid increase of vegetation carbon stock. Along with the prolonging of forest age, a dynamic change occurred in slowly increase of litter carbon stock and ecosystem carbon stock, while soil carbon stock firstly dropped and then gradually rose. The average carbon sink rates changed with forest age as following: medium age forest > near-mature forest > young forest > mature forest. With mature forest (43 a) as reference, the vegetation layer carbon sequestration potential (CSP) was 3 695.28 g/m2, while the P. tabulaeformis ecosystem CSP was 4 384.99 g/m2. These results indicated that after conversion from grazing land into forest in the study area, the P. tabulaeformis ecosystem was a considerable carbon sink in the long term.

Effects of Planting Management Mode on Arsenic  Residue in the Soil and Panax notoginseng

YIN Ben-lin1,2, MI Yan-hua1*, HE Li-zhong1,2, CHEN Lu1, LU Cheng-yun3, WANG Lin-meng4

2016, 18(5):  148-156.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.039

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The effect of planting management mode on As residue in soil and Panax notoginseng in 3 different As background values area in southeast Yunnan were studied by using the method of continuous tracking fixed-point test monitoring combined with laboratory analysis. The results elucidated that As blackground values of soil had greater influence on the safety quality of Panax notoginseng. As residue in soil with higher background value was higher than that in soil background values relatively lower area. After 2 a of Panax notoginseng planting, the soil As concentration was in remarkable increasing trend year by year. Compared with the soil background values before planting, after 2 a of Panax notoginseng planting, the phenomenon of arsenic residue in soil was obvious. There were great differences in As residue amount by different management modes. The average As residue were 7.17 mg/kg and 76.38 mg/kg, respectively, with SOP planting management and scattered planting mode. The latter is 10.65 times of the former. On the whole, Panax notoginseng planting situation was not optimistic. Except the natural factors, the source of arsenic in the soil were still waiting for thorough study and discussion on each link and input in the process of Panax notoginseng cultivation. In order to insure the safety and quality of Panax notoginseng products, except the scientific selection of planting base, the refinement and improvement of cultivation technique, and the mornitoring and management were of important and practical significance.

Effect of Water Retaining Agent on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Tobacco

CHEN Fang-quan1, SHAO Hui-fang1*, JIA Guo-tao1, XU Zi-cheng1, HUANG Wu-xing1, FAN Yi-kuan2, DU Xiu-zhi3, ZHANG Man-man1, ZHAO Rong-rong1

2016, 18(5):  157-163.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.755

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This paper studied the effects of different dosage of water retaining agent on growth parameters, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in tobacco by pot experiments. The results showed that: the application of appropriate amount of water retaining agent could significantly increase the contents of growth index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in tobacco. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the treated tobacco increased firstly and then decreased with the application quantity growing of water retention agent. Results showed that the effect of water retaining agent on tobacco photosynthetic characteristics  was obvious, it could improve tobacco photosynthetic capacity, but over usage would be unvaverable for improving   tobacco photosynthetic characteristics. The treated tobacco chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, ΦPSII and qP increased firstly and then decreased slightly, while the NPQ showed a down trend. Of all treatments, the effect of T2 (3 g/strain) was the best, its photosynthetic capacity was the strongest, and the treated tobacco had better ability of self protection and adjustment.

Research Progress on Effects of Drip Fertilization on Plant Growth and Soil Nitrogen Characteristics

SUN Ze-dong, MA Xing-hua*

2016, 18(5):  164-170.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.694

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Drip fertilization has broad application prospects in agricultural production which combining fertilization and irrigation. This paper reviewed the effects of drip fertilization on the growth of roots and shoots: drip fertilization could promote crop roots and shoots growth, improve the yield and quality of most crops. At the same time, drip fertilization could improve the soil inorganic nitrogen environment to increase nitrogen utilization rate, reduce nitrogen leaching losses. But up to now, the research on the effect of drip irrigation on crop growth and soil nitrogen characteristics was not enough, which restricted the development of drip fertilization technology. Further research should be focus on the effect of drip fertilization on root growth and development mechanism, nutrient absorption, transport and utilization mechanism and soil environment, explicit the mechanism of drip fertilization on crop soil system, exploit new water-soluble fertilizer and establish the drip fertilization technology taking account of high quality, high yield, high efficiency, ecology and safety combing with modern agricultural information technology.


Research Progress on Effect of Antibiotic on  Anaerobic Digestion Treatment in Animal Manure

YIN Fu-bin1, JI Chao2, DONG Hong-min1*, TAO Xiu-ping1, CHEN Yong-xing1

2016, 18(5):  171-177.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.702

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Anaerobic digestion, one of the major methods for animal manure stabilization, can not only reduce environmental polution, but also realize resources recovery and wastes without harm. However, veterinary antibiotics are residue in animal manure, and some antibiotics have effects on the activity of anaerobic bacteria, and performance of anaerobic digestion. Nowadays, the feasibility of anaerobic digestion for animal manure contained antibiotic is arousing wide attention. This paper introduced the application status and potential hazards of antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding; analyzed the effect of antibiotic on biogas production and microbial population; discussed the transfer and removal of antibiotic during the anaerobic digestion treatment; and put farward suggestion for future research focus and R & D direction, so as to provide theoretical support for anaerobic digestion treatment of antibiotic in animal manure.

Effects of Acute Salinity Stress on Gill structure and Four Enzyme Activities in Saxidomus purpurata

WANG Yi, HU Wan-bin, LI Jia-xiang, HUANG Xian-ya, DUAN Li-zhu, ZHAN Yao-yao*

2016, 18(5):  178-186.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.732

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In order to explore the effect of acute salinity stress on physiological, biochemical and morphological structure of tissues in S. purpurata, this paper studied the changes under acute salinity stress (high salinity 35 and low salinity 15) in S. purpurata gill tissue microstructure, enzyme and coelomic fluid of Na+/K+-ATP, 3 non-specific immune factors of SOD, CAT and POD in gill tissue. The results of gill tissue structure changes indicated that comparing to natural seawater control group, there was significant difference in the gill lamellas space of each salinity stress group. After 3 h low salinity treatment, the gill lamellas space and shrinking degree showed an enlarging trend with the increase of stress hours, compared with that of natural saewater group. In high salinity stress group, the gill lamellas space and shrink degree decreased first and then increased gradually. While,  in the low salinity stress group at each time point, changes in  gill lamellas mophological structure were more obvious than that in high salinity stress group. Na+/K+-ATPase activity of gill tissues increased under low salinity stress, but decreased under high salinity stress. Salinity changes also affected the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in the gill and coelomic fluid of S. purpurata. The responses of different tissues to acute salinity stress were significantly different. For coelomic fluid, SOD was the first enzyme responded to acute salinity, while, POD activity was changed firstly in gill in order to adapt to the acute change of salinity. The SOD and CAT activity of high salinity stress in the coelomic fluid did not differ from that of the control at 1 h and 3 h (P>0.05). After 5 h salinity stress, the activities of SOD and CAT significantly increased at 5 h and significantly down-regulated at 7 h, then significantly increased at 24 h compared to that of the control (P<0.05). The CAT and POD activity in the coelomic fluid decreased first to the lowest point at 7 h and 3 h under low salinity stress, respectively (P<0.05). After that it returned to the control group level. In brief, all results observed in this study demonstrated that the response patterns of 3 non-specific immune factors (SOD, CAT, POD) and Na+/K+-ATPase activity under acute salinity stress were different on S. purpurata, and also, S. purpurata probably adjusted their gills structure to survive the acute salinity stress.


Research Progress on Application of Phage in Aquaculture

LI Xin-yu1, ZI Li-han1,2*, ZHANG Bao-hui1, YANG Chuang1, XU Yong-ping1,2, LI Shu-ying2

2016, 18(5):  187-192.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.045

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Recently, aquaculture industry in China has developed rapidly and brought huge economic benefits. At the same time, long-term misuse of antibiotics and chemical medicine has led to many problems in environment, drug resistance and food security. It is an eargent need to seak a new technology or new product, which can effectively control aquatic animal diseases, and also be environmental friendly, to partly or completely replace antibiotics and chemical medicine. Phage, as a safe, high effective, non-toxic, and eco-friendly green product, is gradually applied in controlling aquatic animal diseases. This paper introduced the latest research progress on applying phage, its biology and therapy in aquaculture industry, and prospected its future development, so as to provide theoretical and technical support for phage therapy in aquaculture.

Research of the Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Fuling using Supercritical Method Optimized by Response Surface

DUAN Li-li, JU Rong-hui, WANG Hui, LIU Chao, LUO Hong-xia*, ZHAO Xin-yu

2016, 18(5):  193-199.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.714

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Based on the single factor experiments，the response surface methodology（RSM）was employed to optimize the extractions of polysaccharides from Fuling and its main ingredients were analyzed. The results of optimum extraction conditions were as follow：the extraction temperature 50℃，stress 21.78 MPa，concentration of cosolvent 83.19%. Under these conditions，the average extraction yield was 3.104%. The optimization of Fuling extraction process technology was reasonable and feasible.

The Analysis on Chinese Regional Peasant's Income Differences and Causes

SONG Li-li

2016, 18(5):  200-206.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.677

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Agriculture in rural area development have made remarkable achievements, and the farmers income has kept increasing continuousely during  over 30 years since the reformation and openning door policy was impimented. But no matter comparing with  agricultural producers in the developed countries, or with Chinese urban residents, Chinese farmers income is still very low, and there are big differences in incomes between urban city and countryside, between different regions and even between farmer themselve. This fact affects not only the coordinate development of urban and rural area economy, but also the harmonious development of whole society. This paper compared and analyzed the level, source structure and  differences of farmer incomes in Jiangsu, Henan and Sichuan provinces; summarized the differences existing in the 3 provinces; analyzed the reasons causing farmers income differences on this basis; and then put forward   recommendations for developing favorable policies to promote industrialization, ubanization, increase off-farm job opportunities for farmers; strengthen investment for rural education and agricultural scientific research, so as to improve the quality of rural labor force, level of agricultural scientific research; and rationally adjust the agricultural industry structure, promote the reasonable distribution of agricultural production.

Studies and Application on Evaluation Index System for the Stow Net Operation Performance via the Vague APH Method

RAO Xin, HUANG Hong-liang*, CHEN Xue-zhong, WU Yue, YANG Jia-liang

2016, 18(5):  207-214.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.046

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Stow net is a kind of important fishing gear in coastal and inland water area, with good economic benefit. Since the bad performance in selectivity and resources conservation, evaluation for stow net is significant. For grasping the operation performance of stow net, setting the performance evaluation standard, establishing the evaluation index system, this study used vague APH method, and referred the concept of membership degree in vague APH method, based on the questionnaire data of fishery specialist; the first level and second level index and respective weight distribution of evaluation index system for stow net operation performance were obtained. The weight of index was adjusted through consistency judgment for assuring the rationality of index weight. Evaluation index system for stow net operation performance was established based on the above mentioned studies, and the rationality of evaluation index system was proved by instance application, and the reference basis was provided for stow net operation performance evaluation in the future.