Table of Content

15 December 2016, Volume 18 Issue 6

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Analysis and Rethinking on Main Factor Contribution for Increasing Grain Production in China during the Eleventh Increasing

YAN Yan1§, SONG Li-li2§, WANG Xiu-dong2*

2016, 18(6):  1-8.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.180

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In 2014, Chinas grain production achieved a historical record of successive eleventh Increasing, and grain outputs were stabilized at over 500×104 t continuousely for 8 years. The expansion of grain planting acreage, increase of yield per unit of area and adjustment in cultivation structure were important factors promoting the sustained growth in food production. This paper broke down the contribution factors of grain production increase to acreage expansion, yield improvement and planting structure adjustment, and then measured the contribution ratio of the above 3 factors. The results showed that the contribution ratio of acreage, yield and planting structure adjustment to food production were 36.65%, 48.27% and 15.08%, respectively, for successive 11 years increase in grain production. Based on observation on varieties, yield increse of rice, corn and cereal were mainly driven by the expansion of cultivated area, only wheat yield increase was due to yield improvement per unit area. The contribution of planting structure adjustment for 11 years successive increase could not be ignored. In view of the increasingly tight resource constraints and supply-side structure reform of agricultural policy in the new era, the key issue for ensuring national food security and achieving sustainable yield increase were to  increase grain yield per unit area by science and technology innovation, improve infrastructure in agriculture and cultivate new type of business entities.

Development Stages, Future Trend and Enlightenmentf USA’s Agricultural Policies

GUO Wen-shuai1§, WANG Jing-yi2§, CHEN Jue-ying2, LIU He-guang2*

2016, 18(6):  9-15.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.652

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As the largest agricultural production and trade country in the world, the agricultural policy of USA exerts significant impact on the world agricultural market. This paper combed the development stages of USA’s agricultural policy, and forecasted its tendency and the enlightenment to China’s agricultural policy. According to the differences among the main contents of USA’s agricultural policy, this paper divided its evolution into 4 stages. In the future, the USA would put more emphasis on improving agricultural insurance subsidy policy, pay attention on protecting resources and environment, and its policy would change from yellow-box to green-box. China should use some measures from USA agricultural policy for reference, such as perfecting China’s agricultural policy system from the legal height, adjusting agricultural policy according to social economy and development changes of international agricultural regulation, and adhering to the concepts of ‘people-oriented’ and sustainable development when making agricultural policy.

Development Model and Policy Proposal for  Comprehensive Utilization of Crop Straw in China

SHI Zu-liang1,2, LIU Lu-lu1, WANG Fei2*, LI Xiang2, CHANG Zhi-zhou1*

2016, 18(6):  16-22.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.308

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Promoting the comprehensive utilization of crop straw has great significance for stabilizing agriculture ecological balance, relieving resource constraints, reducing environment pressure and promoting sustainable development of agriculture. It is the key to develop a  duplicable and sustainable extended model for enhancing the overall comprehensive utilization level of crop straw. Based on the development background of crop straw comprehensive utilization in China, this paper summarized the supporting measures set out by the Chinese government including policy guidance, capital subsidy, technical support, assessment and accountability etc.. The paper also analyzed the development model for straw collection, storage and transportation system, and taltal straw quantified utilization. Besides, proposals and measures were put forward from the view points of work innovation mechanism, funding mechanisms, policy mechanism, technology support mechanism, and demonstration mechanism, so as to provide theoretical support for scientific utilization of crop straw.

Analysis of Maize Transcription Factor EREB58 Promoter

CHEN Zhong-liang, LI Sheng-yan, WANG Hai, HUANG Da-fang, LANG Zhi-hong*

2016, 18(6):  23-30.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.222

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It was found that EREB58 transcription factor could regulate the expression of maize terpene synthase gene TPS10 and initiate indirect defense system. But the transcriptional regulation mechanism of EREB58 is still unknown at present. In this study, 1 193 bp promoter sequence of ZmEREB58 was cloned and analyzed by applying bioinformatics. There were several cis-elements in the promoter, which related to plant defense, such as ABRE, Box-W1, GARE motif and TCA elements. The results of GUS histochemical staining and GUS enzyme activity analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis harboring different truncated ZmEREB58 promoter-GUS showed that under normal conditions, EREB58PF1-PF7 and PF9 were not stained, but  PF8 was. After treatment with methyl jasmonate and Asian corn borer, PF1-PF7 were stained, PF8 without significant changes and PF9 still had no GUS staining. The analysis of GUS enzyme activity was consistent with the results of GUS histochemical staining. The above results indicated that the regions from -323 to -270 and -270 to -183 of the ZmEREB58 promoter were key sequences for performing promoter function. The region from -323 to -270 of the ZmEREB58 promoter contained cis-acting element inhibiting ZmEREB58 transcription; in the meantime the region from -270 to -183 of the ZmEREB58 promoter was integral for transcription. These results laid foundation for further studied on the mechanism of EREB58 transcriptional regulation.

Data Mining of Simple Sequence Repeats in Transcriptome Sequences of Mongolia Medicinal Plant Artemisia frigida Willd

YUE Chun-jiang1§, CHEN Chuan-chuan1§, GUO Feng-xian1, LI Hua1, SUN Hong-bo1, PEI Dan-ning1, MA Xiao-qing1, CHEN Fu-xin1, YANG Huo-li1, LI Qin1, LIU Yue1,2*

2016, 18(6):  31-43.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.132

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MISA (MicroSAtelite) software was used to screen SSRs in 143 700 contigs of Artemisia frigida Willd. transcriptome sequences. 3 753 SSR sites were identified among 3 614 contigs which accounted for 2.51% of 143 700 contigs. There were 122 kinds of SSR motifs existing in A. frigida Willd. transcriptome. On average, SSRs occurred every 18.46 kb in length. In the SSRs, the tri-nucleotide repeat motif was the most abundant (56.12%), followed by the di-nucleotide (31.60%). AC/TG, AT/TA, CA/GT, AAT/TTA and AAC/TTG were the main types of motif in di-nucleotide, tri-nucleotide repeats. The repeat number of SSRs which from A. frigida Willd. transcriptome SSRs were mainly from 5 to 12 and their motif length mostly ranged from 12~32 bp. A total of 43 415 contigs were annotated, and only 578 SSRs were occurred in protein-coding regions, the tri-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant in coding regions (397, 68.69%). This paper introduced the development and utilization of A. frigida Willd. transcriptome from the molecular level and biological information angle. With high occurrence frequency and multiple repeated A. frigida Willd. transcriptome types, A. frigida Willd. transcriptome had provided candidate sequenses for breeding assisted by A. frigida Willd. molecular marker, analyzing genetic diversity, constructing genetic map and mining functional gene.

Effect of Light Quality on Endogenous Hormone Content and Lipid Peroxidation of Membrane System during Aging Process of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf

LU Su-ping1, ZHAO Ming-qin1*, LIU Peng-fei1, LI Yu-e2, Fu-bo1

2016, 18(6):  44-51.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.079

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In order to investigate the effects of different light qualities on flue-cured tobacco aging process and flue-cured tobacco leaf guality, this paper studied the effects of 5 different light qualities including white(W), red(R), yellow (Y), blue(B) and purple(P) under field condition by covering different color polyethylene films above tobacco plants, on endogenous hormones, membrane lipid peroxidation in the maturation of flue-cured tobacco leaves taking ‘Yunyan87’ as experimental material. The results indicated that compared with white light (the control), red light could significantly increase the contents of cytokinin (CTK) and gibberellin (GA), while reduced abscisic acid (ABA)  content effectively. Blue light and purple light went against the raising of CTK content, but increased ABA content in tobacco leaves. The auxin (IAA) content decline under blue light and purple light treatments was earlier than that under red light and yellow light treatment. Red light and yellow light could increase catalase (CAT) activity and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content during flue-cured leaf aging process, and thus maintained the malondiadehyde (MDA) content at a relatively low level, and slowed down the plant aging process. Blue light and purple light treatments decreased CAT activity  and made H2O2 and MDA contents higher than the contrast and other treatments, thus speeded up the plant aging process. Red light treatment increased the total sugar content, shmuck value and ratio of potassium and chlorine; yellow light treatment increased the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine; red light and yellow light treatments reduced the  protein content and ratio of sugar and nicotine. In general,  the contents of IAA, CTK and GA of tobacco leaves and CAT activity were increased, whereas the contents of H2O2, MDA and ABA were reduced under red light treatment. The aging of flue-cured tobacco leaves was delaied, thus the quality of tobacco leaves was improved.

Function Analysis of VTC1 5’UTR Intron in Arabidopsis

LI Sheng-hui1,2, WANG Feng-ru1, HUANG Rong-feng2, DONG Jin-gao1*, WANG Juan2*

2016, 18(6):  52-57.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.136

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AtVTC1 is one of the key enzymes of L-galactose pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is the primary vitamin C (Vc) biosynthesis pathway. It has been reported that AtVTC1 can be regulated both in transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This study found that there was an intron in the 5′UTR (5′untranslated region) of AtVTC1, and this 5′UTR ligated with different truncations of upstream promoter to promote high level expression of GUS, by detecting GUS activity in transgenic seedlings. The GUS expression was significantly reduced under the AtVTC1 promoter with the deletion of 5′UTR intron. However, the intron itself could not be able to activate the GUS expression. Generally the introns function as enhancers with specific nucleotide sequences, such as GATCTG motif, which was dispersed throughout the 5′UTR intron of AtVTC1. Some homologous genes of VTC1 in Arabidopsis and rice also have 5′UTR intron. These results suggested that the 5′UTR intron of AtVTC1 function would be as an enhancer in Arabidopsis, which would lay a foundation for further studies on the modulation of Vc biosynthesis on the transcription level.


Effect of Carcass Classification and Cutting in Different Cross Combinations of Gansu Alpine Merino

WANG Ji-qing1,2, HU Jiang1, ZHOU Zhi-de3, LIU Xiu1,2, LI Shao-bin1, YAN Wei1, LUO Yu-zhu1,2*

2016, 18(6):  58-64.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.188

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In order to investigate the crossbreeding and improvement effect of meat-type performance in Gansu Alpine Merino, F1 hybrid of Australian Merino×Gansu Alpine Merino (AG), Bond×Gansu Alpine Merino (BG), Texel×Gansu Alpine Merino (TG) and pure breeding of Gansu Alpine Merino (GG) were taken as test objects. Carcass classification results of 6-month-old lamb from 4 populations were evaluated referring to lamb carcass classification standard of New Zealand. Carcass cutting method was established and cutting weight and the proportion of high quality cutting were observed. The results indicated that carcass classification of BG, TG, GG and AG was PM, PL, PL and A, respectively. Left-half carcass was cut as the first class meat (shoulder, loin-rump and longissimus dorsi and lumber), the second class meat (neck, sternocostal, thoracic and lumber vertebrae, and abdominal) and the third class meat (fore shank and hind shank). The weight of all cutting was the maximal in BG. BG’s neck weight (0.364 kg) was higher by 0.103 kg, 0.109 kg and 0.078 kg than that of AG, TG and GG (P<0.01). BG’s shoulder weight (1.575 kg) was higher by 0.814 kg, 0.329 kg and 0.583 kg than that of AG, TG and GG (P<0.01). BG’s abdominal weight (0.523 kg) was higher by 0.300 kg, 0.133 kg and 0.203 kg than that of AG, TG and GG (P<0.01). There was no significant differences about the proportions of sternocostal, and thoracic and lumber vertebrae among these 4 sheep populations (P>0.05). BG’s the proportions of shoulder and abdominal were the maximal, but it’s proportion of hind shank was the minimum. BG’s the proportion of shoulder (23.04%) was higher by 3.25%, 1.80% and 3.17% than that of AG, TG and GG, respectively, but  its proportion of hind shank (5.22%) was lower by 1.73%, 0.32% and 0.83% than that of AG, TG and GG, respectively. The total proportion of the first and second class meat in BG was 91.30%, and was higher than that in AG (88.40%), TG (91.03%) and GG (90.39%). In conclusion, Bond could not only improve carcass classification result of 6-month-old lamb, but also increase the carcass cutting weight and the proportion of high quality cutting. Therefore, it has the best effect for crossing and improving the meat performance of Gansu Alpine Merino.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Hexamerin Gene LmiHex-2 from Locusta migratoria manilensis (Acridoidea: Oedipodidae)

LI Yan-li, HAO Jin-feng, ZHAO Xue-qian, YIN Hong*

2016, 18(6):  65-71.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.233

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Hexamerins are large hemolymph-proteins that accumulate in insects during the late larval stages and play important roles in insect development and growth. To investigate the structure and expression profiles of Locusta migratoria manilensis hexamerin (LmiHex-2), the complete cDNA (2 171 bp) of LmiHex-2 was obtained by RACE method. The LmiHex-2 contained an open reading frame of 2 022 bp, which encoded 673 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 78.79 kDa. Sequence alignment revealed that the LmiHex-2 shared an identity of 82%~89% with hexamerins from other Acridoidea species. RT-PCR results showed that LmiHex-2 gene was expressed both in nymphs and adults. After 6 d 5th instar nymphs, the relative expression quantity of LmiHex-2 reached a maximum. In adult males and females, the fat body exhibited the highest level of LmiHex-2 transcripts. The phylogenetic tree showed that Orthoptera hexamerins was a monophyletic group, the Insecta hexamerins and the  Insecta  hemocyanins, which evolved from Crustacea hemocyanins and form a sister group.


Study on the Stability of the Fermentation Broth and Bioactive Metabolite Produced by Bionectria Ochroleuca YLZ42

YANG Li-na1,2, ZHONG Juan1,2, ZHOU Jin-yan1*, TAN Hong1

2016, 18(6):  72-79.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.153

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Bionectria Ochroleuca YLZ42 was isolated from the soil in Yulin of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;  and this strain yielded active metabolite exhibiting strong inhibition on Bacillus cereus. This paper used Bacillus cereus as bioassay indicator to study the activity characteristics of the antibacterial metabolite in the broth. The results indicated that the antibacterial activity was stable in 40~60℃ and lost less than 7% at 60℃ for 1 h; the antibacterial activity was also stable under pH 2~7, but it would loss dramatically when pH was greater than 7, for instance 64% of the antibacterial activity was lost under pH 8 for 12 h. The broth should be stored in the acidic conditions because only 5% of the antibacterial activity was lost under pH 4 for 15 d. Besides, the antibacterial metabolite was not sensitive to UV and it could keep the activity under UV radiation for 24 h. Antibacterial compound was isolated and purified by means of extraction, TLC, HPLC and its molecular weight was 513, which was different from those active metabolites reported in the relevant literatures.

Isolation and Characterization of an Effective Thermostable Lipase Producing Rheinheimera sp. NT-1

LIU Yuan-li1, CHEN Ji-xiang1*, WANG Yong-gang2, LI Yan-lin1, CHENG Lin1, ZHOU Yong-tao3

2016, 18(6):  80-89.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.154

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An effective lipase-producing bacterium was isolated from soil samples of farmland in Lanzhou China, using Tween 80 agar plates. It was identified to belong to Rheinheimera sp. based on morphological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis and was designated as Rheinheimera sp. NT-1. The cultivating conduction for the lipase production of Rheinheimera sp. NT-1 was studied in this paper. The optimum temperature, pH, salinity, liquid volume and incubation time for lipase production was 20℃, pH 8.0, 8.1%(m/v), 30 mL and 24 h, respectively. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the lipase production. The optimization process parameters were pH 8.8 and salinity of 0.78% (m/v) at 32℃ through factorial design and RSM analysis. The highest lipase production was 780±4.5 U/mL. The optimum temperature of the lipase was 60℃. The lipase showed relatively high specific activity at the range of 20~70℃ and pH 7~10. It might be a thermo stable and alkaline lipase. The enzyme could catalyze the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters such as ethyl oleate, ethyl palmitate and ethyl linoleate, which had potential applications in the biotransformation.


Research Progress on Maize Plant Phenotype Detection Based on Visible Image

YUAN Jie1,2, DU Jian-jun2, GUO Xin-yu2*

2016, 18(6):  90-96.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.334

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Plant phenotypic traits are the commonly concerned data in genetic breeding and agricultural production. The traditional phenotype observation has become a major factor limiting the improvement of breeding efficiency and growth management. Plant phenotype detection based on visible image has advantages of low cost, heigh efficiency and easy popularization, and can be used not only to capture image of growing plants in suit, real-time and continuously, but also to extract various phenotype parameters, such as structure, shape, color and texture, etc.. This paper discussed the phenotype detection method and technology based on visible image for maize population, single maize plant and maize organs; introduced emphatically the progress in high-thoughput phenotype detection of maize root, leaf and ear. At the same time, the paper also analyzed the existing problems and development tendency, so as to provide references in formulating technical scheme and implementation procedures of crop phenotypic detection, and systematically carrying out studies on plant phenomics.


Studies Research Progress on Fruit Tree Canopy Shape Characteristics Measurement and Analysis

CHEN Hai-xiao1,2, LU Sheng-lian1*, XU Jian2

2016, 18(6):  97-102.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.124

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Canopy is the first part contacting with the external environment and light of fruit tree, and aslo the direct channel for fruit tree photosynthesis and respiration. The canopy morphalogical characteristics of fruit tree can not only directly build up the rich appearance of fruit tree, but also indirectly reflect the growth status and yield potential of fruit tree. This paper summarized various  measuring technique and analyzing methods proposed by domestic and foreign scientists specific for canopy morphological features, and prospected the major objectives of future research, so as to provide helpful references for  relevant personnel to further develop studies and application on canopy morphological characteristics.


Adsorption of Cd in Solution By Different Modified Biochar

WANG Rui-feng1,2, ZHOU Ya-nan1, MENG Hai-bo2, YANG Hong-zhi1*

2016, 18(6):  103-111.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.059

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In order to study the adsorption removal effect of Cd by biochar in solution, and further enhance the Cd adsorption property of biochar, this experiment took corn cob, cornstalk, sawdust as raw material, and manufactured biochar under sealed hypoxia pyrolysis conditions of 400℃, 500℃, 600℃ and 700℃, respectively. The biochar was modified by microwave and NaOH methods. Studies were conducted on adsorption effects of Cd by biochar from the factors of initial concentration, solution pH and adsorption time. Suitable biochar varieties for treating cadmium pollution of water bodies were selected. The results showed that when the Cd concentration was 100 mg/L, the adsorption of Cd by B-6-Na treatment could match by Langmuir equation. Its adsorption capacity was 78.7 mg/L and the removal rate was 78.7%, basically reaching adsorption equilibrium time was about 60 min~120 min. When the solution pH value was 7, the adsorption rate of Cd by these 3 biochars were over than 80%. Cornstalk biochar under 600℃ condition modified and prepared by NaOH solution had a better absorption of Cd in solution. The result has provided reference for preparing highly efficient, with deep purification function biochar on pollutants, and also theoretical support for in-depth studies on the feasibility of remediation using biochar for Cd pollution.

Effect of Sowing Date on Maize Dry Matter Accumulation, Transformation and Grain Filling Characters

XU Tian-jun§, LV Tian-fang§, CHEN Chuan-yong, ZHAO Jiu-ran*, WANG Rong-huan*,

2016, 18(6):  112-118.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.292

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Taking Zhengdan958 (ZD958) and Jingdan 58 (JD58) as materials, this experiment set 2 sowing dates (May 14th in spring and June 13th in summer) treatments to study the effect of different sowing dates on maize dry matter transportation and grain filling characteristics. The results showed that under spring sowing condition the grain weight, stem-sheath, leaf blade dry matter translocation rate, and yield of these 2 varieties were higher than that of sowed in summer date. The stem-sheath transport capacity, grain weight and yield of JD58 was higher than that of ZD958. The 100-grain dry weight of ZD958 and JD58 sowed in spring were 17.2% and 15.1% higher than that of sowed in summer, respectively. The 100-grain dry weight of JD58 (42.4 g) was 20.9% higher than ZD958 (35.0 g). The time reaching the maximum grain filling rate (Tmax) of ZD958 and JD58 under summer sowing condition were 5.4 d and 3.2 d shorter than that of sowed in spring. The grain filling duration (P) of JD58 was slightly shorter than that of ZD958. But the Gmax and R0 of JD58 were higher than that of ZD958. The grain weight significantly and positively correlated with the average temperature at grain filling stage (correlation coefficients were 0.78*), and significantly positively correlated with Gmax and R0 (correlation coefficients were 0.91** and 0.93**, respectively). Therefore, sowing date affected maize dry matter accumulation, transportation and grain filling characteristics mainly by temperature condition. The reason for JD58 having higher grain weight and yield relied on its faster transportation rate of dry matter from stem-sheath to grain and higher grain filling speed under spring and summer sowing conditions.

Study on the Rate and Distribution of Material Accumulation in Horqin Sandy Land of Helianthus tuberosus L.

WANG Lin1, GAO Yang1, ZHU Tie-xia1, GAO Kai1*, MEN Guo-tao2

2016, 18(6):  119-128.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.151

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Through dynamic monitoring of Horqin sandy land of white and red Helianthus tuberosus L. each organ biomass yield, this paper explored material accumulation rate and material allocation law in Horqin sandy land of Helianthus tuberosus L.，so as to provide basis for the development and utilization of Helianthus tuberosus L.. The results showed that  the stem/leaf ratio of white Helianthus tuberosus L. showed a chanfing trend of first increased then decreased, while the  stem/leaf ratio of red Helianthus tuberosus L. was gradually increasing. During the whole growth and development  period, the stem/leaf ratio of red Helianthus tuberosus L. was high than that of the white one, while, the root shoot ratio of  white Helianthus tuberosus L. was greater than that of the red one. There was no significant difference between the leaf mass ratio，flower mass ratio and tuber mass ratio of these 2 varieties，under the same sampling time. In different organs, the substance accumulate rates were not the same. Among all organs, the tuber showed the changing tendency of first increase then decreas in September. Except flower organ， there were also significant differences in substance allocation rates of the same organs between these 2 different Helianthus tuberosus L. varieties.


Effective Analysis of Planting Density and Nitrogen Levels on Physical Properties of Upper Paddy-tobacco

QI Yong-jie1, DENG Xiao-hua2*, XU Wen-bing1, LUO Jian-qin1, HUANG Chong-jun1, HUANG Cong-guang1, LI Hong-guang3, WANG Sheng-cai3

2016, 18(6):  129-137.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.147

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 In order to explore the rational planting density and nitrogen level of paddy-tobacco in south Hunan, this paper analyzed the effects of planting density, nitrogen level and their interaction on physical properties of upper flue-cured tobacco by constructing physical properties index and partial Eta2 value from 2 factors experiments. The results showed that: ① Planting density and nitrogen level had different influencial effects on physical properties of upper flue-cured tobacco; planting density mainly influenced leaf openning degree, single leaf weight and thickness of leaf blade; nitrogen level mainly influenced single leaf weight, stem ratio and thickness of leaf blade; the interaction of planting density and nitrogen level mainly influenced leaf opening degree and stem ratio. ② The contribution rate of planting density on physical properties of upper flue-cured tobacco was about 29%; nitrogen level was about 33% and interaction of these 2 was about 38%. ③ The physical properties index of upper flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of planting density and reduce of nitrogen level. ④ In south Hunan, the better physical properties index of upper flue-cured tobacco was gained by treatment of 18 195 plants/hm2 and 142.5 kg/hm2 nitrogen level.

Effects of Recirculated Air Temperature in Ordering Cylinder on Chemical Components and Neutral Aroma Substances of Tobacco

SHAO Hui-fang1, ZHAO Rong-rong1, FAN Lei2, ZHANG Man-man3, WANG Shan-shan1, XU Zi-cheng1

2016, 18(6):  138-145.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.096

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In order to improve the inner quality of cigarette and upgrade its utilization value, this experiment studied and analyzed the routine chemical components and content of neutral aroma substances in tobacco leaves using ordering cylinder and different recirculated air temperatures. The result showed that: ①  In terms of routine chemical components, two difference of sugar was high and ratio of potassium to chlorine and sugar-nicotine ratio were low, when recirculated air temperature was 57℃. The chlorine was high and ratio of potassium to chlorine and proportion of nitrogen to nicotine were low, when recirculated air temperature was 62℃. The chemical composition of recirculated air temperature 57℃ was more in line with the requirements of high quality tobacco leaves. ② In terms of neutral aroma substances, the total amount shown as: 57℃＞62℃＞52℃. Within certain scope, the bigger the aroma quantity, the more expression of aroma characteristics.  Different recirculated air temperatures had unanimous influence on routine chemical components and neutral aroma substances.


Studies on Spatiotemporal Distribution of Saury Catch Per Unit Effort in Northwest Pacific High Sea

WU Yue, HUANG Hong-liang*, LIU Jian, YANG Jia-liang, QI Guang-rui, RAO Xin, LI Ling-zhi

2016, 18(6):  146-152.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.158

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In order to understand the varying regulattion of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the high seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean, this paper analyzed the monthly changes of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of saury, the relationship between spatial average value distribution of CPUE in each month and sea surface temperature(SST), according to the fishing data gained from May to November, 2014 in “OUYA No.1” fishing trawler and  SST data obtained by remote sensing technology. The results showed that the average CPUE value in November was higher than that of the other month, reaching 3.18 t/h; and each month average CPUE values from September to November were higher than that of May to August. Output distribution where SST was within the range between 9.5~17℃, mainly concentrated in the scope of 12.5~14.5℃, with about 62.5% proportion. There were differences in suitable fishing temperature at different seasons; the highest monthly average CPUE appeared in July at 160.5°E and 46.5°N 2 regions with the value of 5.90 t/h. There were greater changes in the location of central fishing ground, moving gradually along northeast  shift to southwest shift.

The Comparison of Gut Adhesive Lactobacillus Plantarum Metabolism in Tilapia and Zebrafish Juvenile Fish

ZHANG Wen1, LIU Zhi2, WANG An-ran2, JI Hong1*, ZHOU Zhi-gang2*

2016, 18(6):  153-157.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.225

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To compare the metabolic status of exogenous Lactobacillus plantarum in the intestine of tilapia and zebrafish juvenile fish, tilapia or zebrafish juvenile fish were immersed with 104  cfu/mL, 105  cfu/mL, 106  cfu/mL, 107 cfu/mL Lactobacillus plantarum JCM1149 for 3 d and the whole intestines were sampled. In another experiment, tilapia or zebrafish juvenile fish were immersed with 107 cfu/mL Lactobacillus plantarum  JCM1149 for 7 d. The intestines were sampled at 0 h, 4 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, and 5 d after immersion. The intestine samples were homogenized, and the absolute abundance of exogenous Lactobacillus plantarum in tilapia and zebrafish juvenile fish was evaluated by spread plate method and compared. The results indicated that after 3 d immersion, the absolute abundance of adhesive Lactobacillus plantarum in tilapia intestine did not change with the increasing immersion concentration above 105 cfu/mL, while the absolute abundance of adhesive Lactobacillus plantarum in zebrafish intestine was increased with the increasing immersion concentration up to 107 cfu/mL (P<0.05). After 7 d immersion, the levels of adhesive Lactobacillus plantarum decreased in both intestines of tilapia and zebrafish (P<0.01). Notably, the release of Lactobacillus plantarum was more rapidly in zebrafish, because one order of magnitude reduction in the level of intestinal Lactobacillus plantarum was observed at 24 h in tilapia, while 2 orders of magnitude reduction were observed at 24 h in zebrafish. These results indicated that variations existed in the metabolism of Lactobacillus plantarum in different fish hosts.

Microcystin Effects on the Expression of GST and CYP7A1 Genes in the Liver of Silver Carp

JIA Pei-xuan, FU Chun-xue, RONG Ping, ZHU Xin-chao,QU Xian-cheng*

2016, 18(6):  158-163.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.251

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In order to investigate the effect of MC on the expression of GST and CYP7A1 genes, cDNA fragment of GST and CYP7A1 genes was cloned by molecular cloning in this study. Silver carps were fed in water of 2 different Microcystis aeruginosa with 1.3×108 cell/L and liver tissue was got at 2 d, 4 d and 6 d. The expression of GST and CYP7A1 genes in liver under different time points was analyzed by RT-PCR and Q-PCR technology to study the effects of MC on GST and CYP7A1 genes′ expression. The results showed that in the water with toxic Microcystis aeruginosa, relative expression of GST reduced significantly at 6 d, indicating the enablement of this detoxification gene. CYP7A1 relative expression was kept at a low level since  2 d and might impact the bile acid synthesis. This study provided a theoretical basis for further studies on detoxification genes with MC, and a better understanding of the key genes involved in fish by inhibition of MC transfer and absorption.


Development Situation Analysis of Seaweed Oligosaccharides in China

YU Jin-cong1,2, HE Shu-ya1,2, LIN Ke-ming1,2, YOU Yue1,2

2016, 18(6):  164-174.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.084

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Seaweed oligosaccharides degraded from the seaweed polysaccharide have multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, bacteriostasis, promoting plant growth, inducing plant stress resistance, thus having a wide development prospect. This paper analyzed seaweed oligosaccharides patents from application of numbers trends, patent assignee, IPC and technology hotspots, by qualitative analysis based on the database of State Intellectual Property Office from 1985-2015. The results showed that the related patent numbers had grown rapidly since 2010. Ocean University of China had obvious advantage in thid field of seaweed oligosaccharides, followed by Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration and Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research hotspots on patents were mainly focused on the preparation and application in medicine, preservation, feed additive and agricultural field based on the preparation of seaweed oligosaccharides. These research findings are of certain reference significance for the development and distribution of seaweed oligosaccharides in our country.


Evaluation Study on the Nutrition of Potato Varieties Based on the Entropy Weight Rank Sum Ratio

MA Yun-qian, WANG Xiu-li, SUN Jun-Mao, GUO Yan-zhi*

2016, 18(6):  175-180.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.344

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There are lots of varieties of potato in the world, and over 80 varieties are planted throughout China. There are differences in the nutritional componant and content among different cultivated varieties. On the background of taking potato as staple, improving residents’ dietary nutrition has become one of the important targets. Therefore, it is significant to assess and screen the whole nutrition and nutrient-rich potato varieties. Selecting 7 potato varieties mainly planted in Dingxi, Gansu Provience as research objectives, this paper carried out quantitative evaluation on the nutrients differences between these varieties by the method——entropy weight rank sum ratio. The results indicated that ‘Longshu8’ had the best nutrition value, followed by ‘Longshu3’ and ‘Longshu6’. Beside evaluating potato nutritional value, this method could also be used to evaluate other agriculture products, such as cereal, fruit, vegetable, egg, meat, milk, etc.. This method could be applied widely and with better effect.

Study on Clusters Tubers Path and Tuber Separation Technology of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.

JIA Ming-liang1, FANG He-fang1, ZHANG Ben-hou2, CHEN Ji-shuang2, XU Ling-ling1, LIAO Liang1*

2016, 18(6):  181-186.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.478

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One of the most commonly used Chinese medical herb species, Pinellia, (Pinellia ternate) (Thunb.) Berit. has been used  over 1 000 a. Under natural conditions, its reproduction efficiency is quite low, and wild resources are decreased rapidly. Therefore, it becomes specially important to  artificially reproduce pinellia species to satisfy the social requirement. In order to solve the above mentioned problem, this study combined the tuber growth characteristics with the traditional tissue culture method, and obtained the ‘clusters tubers path’ of pinellia. The proliferation condition, subculture times, tissue culture variation of subculture seedling, induced isolation and cultivation matrix were investigated. The results showed that the proper culture medium was Ms+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+sugar 30 g/L+agar 6.0 g/L. Multiplication rate of pinellia was 15 in the start subculture 22 generations after the optimization of the clusters tubers route. These tissues could be used as reproduction material after removing those variate tissue culture seedlings. The gained cluster tuber plants could be planted in sand or vermiculite. Water was cut off after 60 d and the sprouts were damping off. Big quantities of separated tubers were got after sceening out the substrate.

The Impact of Agricultural Policy and Innovation  of Science and Technology on Corn Price

WU Yu-huan, GUO Jing-li*

2016, 18(6):  187-194.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.258

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Corn is not only an important grain crop, but also  an important raw material for industry. The stability of corn price is essential for resident life and national economy development. In recent years, enterprises using corn as raw material have been developing rapidly. Market requirement for corn has been increasing significantly. The fluctuation of corn price not only directly affects the people’s life, but also excerts huge influence on agricultural production operators, who take grain growing as their main source of income. Through analyzing corn price fluctuation trend both in short run and long run, this paper studied on the function characteristics of national adjusting policy and science & technology innovation in corn price fluctuation, and put forward countermeasures for corn industry to achieve a virtuous cycle.

Empirical Studies on Promotion of Potato as Staple Food Based on Food Energy Safety——A Case in Hilly Area of Southern Ningxia Autonomous Region

LI Jian-ping1, CHEN Jing1, SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping2*

2016, 18(6):  195-200.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.416

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Along with the implementation of the strategy of developing potato as a stable food in China, potato’s status in ensuring national food security has been continually improved. Based on food energy safety standard, this paper took 6 counties in southern hilly area of Ningxia Autonomous Region (Yuanzhou District, Xiji County, Longde County, Jingyuan County, Pengyang County and Haiyuan County) as example, studied the effects of potato stapling on grain safety and the other major crops. The result showed that in one crop per annual of northwest dry-land cropping area potato yields per unit (fresh weight) > corn > wheat > beans. Potato yields per unit of area in Longde and Jingyuan Counties reached 18.16 t/hm2 and 18.01 t/hm2, respectively, higher than national average level. Under current yield level per unit of area, the virtual water of potato was less than corn, wheat and beans; food energy produced by potato was significantly higher than that of wheat and soybeans, while lower than that of corn. Pengyang and Haiyuan Counties had larger potato yield-increasing potential, reaching 10.22 t/hm2 and 12.27 t/hm2, respectively, higher than that of corn and wheat. Only when the potato yield per unit of area was surpassing 3.8 times of wheat, 4.1 times of corn and 4.7 times of beans, food energy per unit area produced by potato could surpass that of wheat, corn and soybeans. Therefore, we should be very cautious about developing potato into a staple food in dryland area of the Loess Plateau. Different agriculture regions should ascertain potato as staple food, according to their actual status of agriculture structure, grain yield per unit of area, and grain yield-increasing potential, so as to avoid the decreasing of total food energy produced by arable land, and threatening the regional grain safety.

A Research on Influencing Factors of Milk Supply Based on Nerlove Model

WANG Hong-yu1, WANG Ming-li1*, SHI Zi-zhong2

2016, 18(6):  201-206.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.103

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Since the 1990’s, China’s dairy industry has developed rapidly. But a series of macro and micro factors  led to severe fluctuation in milk production and milk price, and even created a fatal blow to China’s dairy industry. Especially the frequent occurrence of “dumping milk”, “killing cow”, etc. had directly influenced the stability of dairy industry production, and balanced supply of milk market. This paper adopted data of milk production, milk prices, feed price, and scale rate from 1995-2013 and studied milk supply response by using Nerlove model. The results showed that lag 2 phase of milk production and one phase of feed price had a negative impact on milk production of this phase, meanwhile lag one phase of milk production, milk price and scale rate had a positive influence on milk production. When the short-term supply elasticity of milk was 0.104 0, showing there was no flexibility existed; when the long-term supply elasticity of milk was 2.126 8, showing there was rich in elasticity for a long period of time, and the supply response to milk price was lag behind. Therefore, government should enhance the scale level, support the feed enterprises to develop, expand planting area for high quality feed, maintain the continuity and stability of policy for dairy industry, and guide the dairy industry to build a more closer and reasonable relationship between benefit and allocation.