Table of Content

15 January 2017, Volume 19 Issue 1

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Development Status and Countermeasures of the Aquatic Breeding Industry in China

WANG Zhenzhong1§, REN Peng2§, ZHAO Hongguang1§, DONG Wen1, LI Yufei1, JIA Jingdun1*, LU Bingyou1*

2017, 19(1):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.692

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With the rapid development of social economy and continuous improvement of peoples living standards in China, the social demand for aquatic products is growing rapidly, which provides an important opportunity for development of aquaculture in China. As the first element for aquaculture, aquatic breeding industry provides important materials for effective supply of aquatic products and maintains the development of aquaculture healthy and sustainable. This paper emphatically analyzed the current situation and noted shortcomings of aquatic breeding industry, based on which some countermeasures and suggestions were proposed, expecting to provide scientific references for the healthy development of aquatic breeding industry in China.

Study on Adjustment of Agricultural Planting Structures in China for Adapting to Climate Change#br#

LI Kuo, XU Yinlong*

2017, 19(1):  8-17.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.319

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During the past 100 years, the global climate has experienced a major change——become warmer and warmer. Along with this change, its influence has become increasingly remarkable. How to adapt to this change has been a world concerned hot spot. China has abundant practices on adjusting agricultural planting structure to adapt to climate change, but systemical carding is lacking. There is no clear cognition about the rich connotation on the existing practices to adapt to climate change. In order to better reply to climate change, this paper expounded the effect of climate change on China adjustment of agricultural planting structures from the following 3 aspects, including cropping system, crop distribution, cultivars layout. The paper also discussed the connotation on different ways of adjusting agricultural planting structures for adapting to climate change, including multiple-crop index, inter-cropping model, crops collocation, boundary of planting, proportion of crops, drought resisting varieties, disease and insect pests resistant varieties, combining with the typical cases, such as expansion of rice and corn planting areas in Northeast China, moving boundary of winter wheat further north, “two-later” technology in North China, changing double cropping rice in the middle and lower valley of the Yangtze River, exploiting winter agriculture in Southern China, etc.. The key issues facing the adjustment of agricultural planting structure for adapting to climate change were put forward. Studies on integrated impacts of each climate change factor on adjustment of agricultural planting structures should be further enhanced. The agricultural exquisite regionalization, optimal allocation of crops layout, and multi-objective breeding decision should be studied in depth.


Research Progress on Safety Traceability of Agricultural Product Quality

ZHANG Chi1,2, ZHANG Xiaodong1*, WANG Dengwei2, WANG Yahui2

2017, 19(1):  18-28.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.196

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Agricultural product quality and safety has been a hot spot concerned by the government, scholars and ordinary people. Recently, governments at all levels and enterprises have continuously strengthened the construction of traceability system for agricultural product quality and safety, and already established certain system to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. This paper firstly expounded in detail the development process of this system in major agriculture developed countries and regions, and China; explored the present status of agricultural products traceability system established by the government and leading enterprises in China; summarized the achievements and inadequate of this system. Through comparing with the developed countries and analysis, the paper pointed out 2 development tendencies for agricultural product quality and safety traceability system in China; and put  forward 5 suggestions, so as to provide useful reference for the establishment of agricultural product quality and safety traceability system.

Present Status and Future Prospect for Potato Industry in China

YANG Yalun, GUO Yanzhi, SUN Junmao*

2017, 19(1):  29-36.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.202

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With the development of taking potato as staple food strategy, potato has been one the of the 4 staple grain crops in China. Potato industry is playing an important role in ensuring food security, preserving ecological environment, etc.. This paper summarized the current development of potato industry in production, consuming and processing; analyzed the existing bottleneck issues in seed industry and processing industry and mechanization, etc.; prospected the future development of potato industry in China combining the development experience of international potato industries. In the future, the demand quantity for potato, and the proportion between yield and processing would definately increase and also the processing industry degree of aggregation will increase.

Research Progress on Animal Waste Treatment and Recycling Technology

TAO Xiuping, DONG Hongmin*

2017, 19(1):  37-42.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.764

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Animal wastes contain a considerable amount of organic matters, as well as pathogens and veterinary antibiotic residues, which pose tremendous threats to the surrounding environment. Appropriate measures must be adopted for treating and recycling animal wastes to prevent the environmental pollutions. This paper reviewed the technologies developed and applied for animal waste treatment and recycling technology all over the world , also predicted the future research focuses and technical development trend. It is expected to provide references for tackling the environmental issues incurred by animal wastes in China.

Screening of Skotomorphogenesis Mutants in Maize

ZHANG Hao, WANG Hai, ZHU Li, LANG Zhihong*

2017, 19(1):  43-50.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.259

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The hypocotyls of dicotyledons and mesocotyls of monocotyledons are important morphological hallmarks for skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Their elongation is promoted by darkness and their growth is inhibited by light illumination. It has been established that the morphogenesis of hypocotyls in the model species Arabidopsis was cooperatively regulated by genes in light signaling and also other plant hormone signaling pathways. The homologs of these genes in crop species have been implicated with multiple important agronomic traits. Based on these, an EMS-mutagenized maize population containing 6 150 lines in Zheng 58 background and 2 340 lines in B73 background was screened for mutants in skotomorphogenesis, with elongation dynamics of mesocotyls as the morphological marker. In total 96 mutants with abnormal lengths of mesocotyls were recovered. A further study on these 2 mutants indicated that they were defective in BR signaling. The identification and characterization of mutants in skotomorphogenesis is not only helpful for dissecting in depth the light signaling components in maize, but also revealed the interaction between light signaling and other signaling pathways.


Effect of Water Retaining Agent on Physiological Characteristics of Tobacco

CHEN Fangquan1, SHAO Huifang1*, CUI Dengke2, WANG Kaiyue1, XU Zicheng1, HUANG Wuxing1, FAN Yikuan3, ZHANG Manman4, ZHAO Rongrong1

2017, 19(1):  51-57.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.038

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In order to investigate the relationship between water retaining agent and tobacco physiological characteristics, pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of different amounts of water retaining agent on tobacco root system activity, antioxidant enzyme activity of leaf blade, contents of MDA and osmotic adjustment substances. Results showed that the application of proper amount of water retaining agent (3~5 g/plant) could significantly affect the physiological characteristics of tobacco, increase the vigor of tobacco root system, decrease the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and the contents of MDA, proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein, compared with the contrast. Membership function method was applied to analyze the regulation effect of water retaining agent on physiological characteristics of tobacco. It was concluded that the effect of treatment of 3 g/plant was the best, which was favorable for improving the physiological characteristics and growth adaptability of tobacco plant.

Studies on the Efficient Secretion of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases CBP21 and its Synergism with Chitinase

LI Zhi-min§, PAN Xinliang§, YANG Yalin*, LIU Zhi, XU Li, HE Suxu, ZHOU Zhigang*

2017, 19(1):  58-65.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.219

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In order to achieve the efficient secretion expression of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases CBP21 in B. Subtilis, and investigate the synergistic effect of CBP21 with chitinase, this experiment constructed a series of screening vectors for signal peptides from B.subtilis. The CBP21 was cloned into Escherichia coli-Bacillus Subtilis shuttle vector pWB980, and 13 Sec-pathway signal peptides with different structure were chosen. The results showed that the signal peptide YlqB could secret the CBP21 better than the other signal peptides. The bound protein accounted for 32.39% of the total protein in supernatant, showing the highest binding activity for colloidal chitin. Furthermore, the degradation of colloidal chitin with Serratia marcescens chitinase and Aeromonas hydrophila Chi92 in the presence of CBP21 were determined. The result indicated that the addition of CBP21 could increase both the activities of S. marcescens chitinase and A. hydrophila Chi92. The activity of Chi92 was improved by 2.35 fold. Whereas for S. marcescens chitinase, CBP21 increased its activity by 1.85 fold. This study laid solid foundation for its industrial application.

Advances on the Sigma Factor, one of the RNA Polymerase Cofactors in Prokaryote

XU Jiangtao, LIU Xiaoqing, TIAN Jian*, WU Ningfeng

2017, 19(1):  66-73.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.250

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The sigma factor (σ factor) can recognize the functional sequences of the promoter in prokaryotic organism and is the cofactor of RNA polymerase. The σ factor exerts important function in gene transcriptional regulation. At present, many alternative sigma factors have been found in prokaryotic model organisms, in which 4 sigma factors found in Escherichia coli and 18 sigma factors in Bacillus subtilis. Based on the studies in the past, the classification, response mechanism, recognition elements and the structure character of sigma factors were presented in this paper. It would help for understanding the function of prokaryotic σ factors well and their contributions to the gene expression and regulation.

Study on Shape Characteristics of Leaf in Apple Tree Canopy

CHEN Haixiao1,2, LI Zhuang3, GUO Xinyu1, XU Jian2, LU Shenglian1*

2017, 19(1):  74-78.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.145

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In order to understand the structure of apple tree canopy, this paper quantitatively described the leaf morphology characteristics of canopy. Leaf morphological indexes of different branch types in canopies of 2 apple  varieties were selected and analyzed by SPSS software. The leaf morphological characteristics data were analyzed statistically, the data was fitted and error was analyzed. The mathematical model of leaf morphological characteristics from different apple tree types was constructed. It was found that different variety apple trees and different branch types had the same leaf morphological characteristics, and along with the leaf position upgrading, regular changes occurred. Through studying and analyzing these morphological characteristics, a more direct cognition on apple tree canopy was gained. Thus, a nececery knowledge model support was provided for establishing an accurate 3D model suitable for apple tree physiological characters. At the same time, the believability for analogue simulation studies on physiological ecological function of apple tree canopy based on 3D model was promoted.

The Software Design for Live Fish Transport and Measurement System

NI Hanhua, TANG Taolin, XU Zhiqiang, SHEN Zhixin*

2017, 19(1):  79-84.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.395

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There are several important links in live fish transportation, among which, transferring fish body from water to long-distance transport vehicle would directly affect fish survival rate and economic benefits. During live fish transportation, the measurement process was cumbersome and time consuming. It was also hard to change and retrieve the data. In order to solve these problems, an automatic measurement system with 3 sigma statistical principle and concept of software filter was designed to control the mechanical device directly, implement software filter and move average treatment to the data transmitted from electronic scale. The data with statistical and query functions was stored in database. The system could monitor the whole process of transshipment. Final results showed that after using this system, the labor costs was reduced to 28%, transport time decreased averagely to 50%, and weighing error was controlled within 0.5%. The automatic reform effect was remarkable and users satisfactory level was high.

Research Progress on Wheat Crop Model

ZHANG Hongying1, LI Shijuan1*, ZHU Yeping1, LIU Hailong1, LI Shuqin2, LIU Dan1

2017, 19(1):  85-93.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.130

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Crop model is an important part of agricultural model, mainly including crop growth model and crop morphology structure model. This paper systematically summarized the research progress on 2 wheat models, including internal and external representative wheat growth model, morphological simulation and visulization of wheat aboveground parts and root system. For wheat crop model, the paper sketched out the CERES-Wheat model of USA, Netherland crop model, APSIM-Wheat model of Australia and WCSODS crop model of China, and discussed about the development tendency of wheat growth model. For wheat morphology structure model, the paper reviewed the research progress in morphological structure model and visulization of wheat root system, stem, leaf and ear. Before ending, the existing problems and development prospect for wheat crop model was summarized.

The Application and Prospects of Microfluid Image Display Technology in Agricultural Engineering#br#

ZHANG Min, DAI Xiang, XIAO Jin, XU Youlin*

2017, 19(1):  94-99.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.314

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As small  size and high precision, microfluidic image plays an important role in agricultural engineering. This paper introduced microfluid image display technologg and reviewed its application in the measurement of micro-droplet in pesticides, internal flow characteristics of agricultural machinery, the microfluidic phenomenon inside the cells of farm animal and plant, in trace detection in agriculture, etc.. The paper also expounded the existing problems of microfluid image display technology in testing speed, evaluation criterion, image definition and application scale, The paper also provided some suggestion, trying to fully utilize the advantages of microfluid image display technology, exploring further application of microfluid image display technology in agricultural engineering, so as to promote the development of agricultural engineering.

Effects of Different Special Formula Fertilizer on Rice Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economic Benefit

LI Kaixu1, LU Jianwei1, LU Mingxing2, XU Weiming3, WANG Zhen4, PENG Wenyong5, LI Xiaokun1*

2017, 19(1):  100-107.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.256

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In order to study the effects of different special fertilizer formula on rice growth, yield, nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits, and  provide  basis for rational application of special fertilizer formula for  rice, this paper conducted field experiments in 3 major rice producing counties/cities of Hubei province, by 5 treatments: no fertilization(CK), experience recommended fertilization (ERF) and fertilization recommended by Hubei provincial agricultural extension department these 3 brands special fertilizer formula for rice. The results showed that different fertilizer treatments could significantly improve the rice yield. The rice yield of fertilization treatments were increased by 15.6%~119.9%, compared to that of the no fertilization treatment. The N, P2O5 and K2O uptakes by aboveground parts were increased by 31.7~86.6 kg/hm2, 3.5~27.4 kg/hm2 and 65.6~152.8 kg/hm2, respectively, and the production values were increased significantly by 2 354~15 729 yuan/hm2 with 15.6%~119.9% increasing rate. Compared with that of the experience recommended fertilization treatment (ERF), the rice yields by special fertilizer formula 1 (RSF1) at the 3 test points were increased by 14.8%, 21.6% and -3.6%, respectively. The partial productivity of fertilizer was increased by -20.6%, 0.7% and -22.8%, respectively. The net income were declined by 4.7%~46.4%. The rice yields by special fertilizer formula 2 (RSF2) treatment in the 3 sites were significantly increased by 9.9%~43.2%. Fertilizer partial productivity was increased by 11.4%~28.9%. The net income was increased by 9.3%~55.6%. The rice yield by special fertilizer formula 3 (RSF3) at the 3 test points were increased by 26.3%, -31.4% and 18.3%, respectively. The partial productivity of fertilizer was increased by 3.5%~15.1%. The net income at the 3 test points were increased by -2.3%, 15.3% and -82.1%, respectively. So  at different regions, the application effects of different rice special fertilizer formula were significant different. The effect of special fertilizer formula 2 (RSF2) is better. The 1 (RSF1) and 3 (RSF3) formulas and their matching applying technology still need to be further improved.

Effects of Combined Application of Selenium and Silicon on Cadmium and Mineral Elements in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Cadmium Stress#br#

DAI Zou, WANG Chunyu, LI Na, JIANG Mingjin, YAN Fengjun, XU Hui, SUN Yongjian, MA Jun*

2017, 19(1):  108-117.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.169

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Selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) have active roles in reducing Cd uptake in plants. Taking hybrid cultivars Yixiang 2115 with low-Cd accumulation in grain and Chuanguyou 2348 with high-Cd accumulation in grain as material, this study carried out field experiment to investigate the effects of Se, Si and their mixed treatment on Cd and mineral element concentrations of these 2 rice cultivars. The results showed that Se and Si treatments had significant effects on the contents of Cd, Ca, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se and Si in rice stem, leaf, ear and brown rice. The the contents of Cd, Ca, Cu, Mn, Zn in Chuanguyou 2348 were much higher than that in Yixiang 2115, except Se and Si. Se and Si could reduce Cd, Cu and Mn contents in Yixiang 2115 stem, Cu contents in panicle of Yixiang 2115, and Cd content in leaf blade of  Chuanguyou 2348; and increased Ca contents in leaf blades of both varieties and in Chuanguyou 2348 stem. Si + 6 μmol/L Se treatments significantly reduced Zn content in stem and Cd content in leaf blades of Yixiang 2115, Mn accumulation in stem and Ca content in panicle of Chuanguyou 2348; stimulated the increase of Cu, Zn contents in leaf blades of Yixiang 2115. Si +12 μmol/L Se treatment suppressed the accumulation of Cd, Zn in Chuanguyou 2348 stem and Zn accumulation in panicle of Yixiang 2115, and stimulated the accumulation of Cu in stem and Mn, Zn in panicle of Chuanguyou 2348. All Se and Si treatments decreased Cd contents in Yixiang 2115 panicle, but with 12 μmol/L Se treatment the decreasing range of Cd content in Chuanguyou 2348 panicle, became small and even changed to slightly increase. Under single 6 μmol/L Se treatment, brown rice of Yixiang 2115 had the minimum Cd concentration, while Chuanguyou 2348 got the minimum Cd contents in brown rice under Si + 6 μmol/L Se and 12 μmol/L Se treatments.

Safety Evaluation of Waste Fillers in Ectopic Microbial Fermentation Bed for Pig Farm

DONG Liting1,2, ZHU Changxiong1, MA Jinfeng1, AWANG Ciren1, YANG Xianghua2, GENG Bing1*

2017, 19(1):  118-124.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.181

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In order to study the resource utilization of waste fillers from swine industry, this study carried out a safety evaluation for waste fillers of the ectopic microbial fermentation bed. Contents of nutrient and heavy metal, seed germination rate index, death rate of Ascaris eggs and fecal coliform group counts of 2 kinds waste fillers were analyzed. Results showed that the total nutrient contents were 6.19% and 7.21%, respectively; the mass fraction of organic matters were 56.11% and 48.63%, respectively; the pH were 8.00 and 8.50, respectively; and heavy metals contents were relatively low, which were in accordance with the related standards of GB 8172-1987 and NY 525-2012. The seed germination  rate  indexes of these 2 waste fillers were 127.67% and 118.77%, respectively, indicating 2 waste fillers had no toxicity to crops. The death rates of Ascaris eggs were 95.75% and 95.60%, respectively; and the fecal coliform group counts were 76 and 83, respectively, which were in accordance with the relevant standards of organic fertilizer in China. These results indicated that Ectopic microbial fermentation bed system is a non-polluting, zero-emission organic farming technique, in which the organic matter was degraded and utilized by microorganisms at the same time.

Influences of Organic Acids on Deliveries of Harmful Components in Mainstream Smoke from Flue-curd Tobacco Leaf

LI Yan1, CHU Zhiguo2, TIAN Haiying3, HAO Hui3, SONG Jinyong3, ZHOU Hao3, LI Huaiqi3, LIU Pengfei1, ZHAO Mingqin1*

2017, 19(1):  125-130.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.209

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In order to reduce the harmful components in cigarette smoke, and systematically describe the effects of tobacco leaf chemical components on burst size of harmful  cigarette mainstream smoke, this paper took the flue-cured tobacco samples from the main aromatic tobacco producing areas in 2014 as test material, and carried out studies by factor analysis and grey correlation method. The results showed that 8 representative organic acids were extracted using factor analysis, including oxalic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid. The grey correlation analysis showed that the correlation degree of 5 non-volatile organic acids(oxalic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and citric acid) and 7 harmful components (CO, HCN, NNK, NH3, B\[a\]P, phenol and crotonaldehyde), and tar content, cigarette hazard index were higher, especially the correlation of oxalic acid on harmful components had high correlation index. While that of the higher fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid on cigarette hazard index of 7  harmful components and tar were relatively lower. In general, the non-volatile organic acids in flue-cured tobacco had great influences on the harmful components of cigarette mainstream smoke, while the higher fatty acids had relatively smaller effect.

Study on Relationship between Softness and Physical Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco and the Suitable Softness Range in Jiangxi Province

ZHAN Junwen1,2, SHEN Xueting3, HE Kuanxin4, LIANG Shuping1, LI Lixin4, JIAO Shaohe4, YU Jianjun2*

2017, 19(1):  131-137.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.254

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To understand better the overall situation of  flue-cured tobacco softness in Jiangxi Province, and its relation with physical characteristics, and suitable range of tobacco leaf softness, this paper collected 476 flue-cured tobacco samples from 18 major tobacco planting counties of Jiangxi Province in 2014, and analyzed the relation between tobacco leaf softness and physical characteristics. The results showed that the softness range of flue-cured tobacco was 11.70～79.90 mN in Jiangxi Province. There were significance differences in softness between different parts  of flue-cured tobacco leaf. The softness of lower part leaves existed bigger differences in different counties, and that of middle and upper parts leaves maintained a consistent level. Physical characteristics were significantly different in each softness range. The regression equations of each physical index, total physical characteristic scores and softness were all reached significant levels. The regression coefficient of determination was 0.839～0.961 with good fitting degree. The softness of tobacco leaf could in certain degree represent the good physical processing quality. The physical processing  characteristics were the best when the leaf softness range   was 20~60 mN, showing the superior tobacco leaf processing performance: lower stem ratio, good availability, suitable leaf blade density and tension, equilibrium moisture content. The secondery good leaf softness range was between 60～70 mN, where the physical processing characteristics were better.