Table of Content

15 August 2016, Volume 18 Issue 4

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Development Strategy of Marine Fisheries in China Based on the Carbon Balance

YUE Dong-dong1, WANG Lu-min1*, FANG Hai1, GENG Rui2, ZHAO Peng-fei2,

2016, 18(4):  1-8.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.695

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Low carbon is one of the important characteristics of marine ecological civilization construction, carbon balance of marine fisheries is an effective way to change the traditional mode of developing ocean economy, and to promote the healthy development of marine ecosystem. The paper defined and analyzed the contents of the carbon emissions from marine capture fisheries and carbon sinks of marine shellfish and algae farming, and its calculation methods, then integrated these 2 angles to explore carbon balance status of marine fisheries in China using the statistics data in 2010 and 2014. The regional characteristics analysis showed that marine fisheries of related coastal provinces were carbon deficit at this stage, and Zhejiang Province took the largest scale in carbon deficit. Fitting the long-term trend of marine fisheries carbon balance status from 2007 to 2014, the results indicated that carbon deficit of marine fisheries was shrinking by the size of average annual 1.58×104 t. Finally, the paper put forward suggestions as upgrading fishing equipment, applying energy saving products, adjusting the structure of marine capture fisheries, and improving marine shellfish and algae farming carbon sinks to realize the carbon balance of marine fisheries as soon as possible.


Research on the Diversity of Indigenous Bacterial Community in #br# the Seeds of Two Rice Varieties with Different Disease-resistance

ZOU Yuan-yuan, LIU Yang, ZHAO Liang, LIU Lin, SONG Wei*

2016, 18(4):  9-16.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.645

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The indigenous bacterial community structures of seeds harvested in 2 consecutive years from 2 northern rice varieties ‘Yuefu’ and ‘Jindao 305’ with different disease-resistance were studied via establishing bacteria 16S rRNA gene clone library. In 2008, 211 and 174 positive clones, 22 and 25 OTUs were gained from library of ‘Yuefu’ and ‘Jindao 305’, and in 2009, 164 and 137 positive clones, 11 and 19 OTUs were obtained. Four bacteria groups were detected in these 2 varieties: α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Among them α-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria were dominant groups. It was discovered that more abundant genera, and more stable community structure of seed indigenous bacteria was harbored in ‘Jindao 305’, which had stronger disease-resistance than ‘Yuefu’.

Effect of Bivalent Gene KcERF-PeDREB2a on Drought and Salt Tolerance of Cotton

DONG Xue-ni1,2, GAO Li-hua2, DING Meng-qi1, ZHOU Mei-liang2, TANG Yi-xiong2, LI Jin-bo3, SHAO Ji-rong1*, WU Yan-min2*

2016, 18(4):  17-23.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.761

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Transcription factor gene PeDREB2a and KcERF were inserted to the upland cotton R15 mediated by agrobacterium and 12 strains of transgenic plants were obtained. Through kanamycin screening and molecular testing, 7 generation strains with PeDREB2a and KcERF were obtained. This paper measured the physiological indexes related to stress tolerance and analyzed relative exprsssion of genes, and the results showed that under the stress of 200 mmol/L NaCl and 15% PEG-6000, the activity of CAT and SOD, free proline content of transgenic cotton seedling  were higher than the control, the MDA content significantly lower than control. Real-time PCR results showed that under drought stress, PeDREB2a relative expression in transgenic cotton seedling leaf was higher than KcERF; under salt stress, PeDREB2a and KcERF relative expression in transgenic cotton was flat. This suggested that KcERF-PeDREB2a contributed to improve the drought and salt tolerance ability in cotton.

 

The Relationship between Bark Thickness and Diameter  Class on Agrilus mali Damage in Xinjiang Wild Apple

MEI Chuang1, YAN Peng1, Mamat A1, MA Kai1, HAN Li-qun1, XU Zheng2,

2016, 18(4):  24-30.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.611

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In order to understand the effects of bark thickness and diameter class on the apple buprestid (Agrilus mali Matsumura ) damage in Xinjiang wild apple varieties, Xinjiang wild apples with different resistance to apple buprestid were taken as plant material to find the relationship between the total number of insect and bark thickness, diameter class by correlation regression method. Results showed that there were big differences in apple buprestid damage severity existing in different wild apple single plant, among them feather hole numbers of XY-101 single plant were as high as 11.2. While that of XY-49 single plant was as low as 0. The total average population ranged from 0.3~11.2, and the differences were very significant. The regression equation between the total number of insect and diameter class, bark thickness were as follows: Y=1.236+0.119Z and Y=1.049+2.071H. Both equations went through the t test at P<0.05 significance level. Regression coefficient of variate Z was 0.119, which meant that when diameter class increased 1 mm, the total number of insect would increase to 0.119. Regression coefficient of variate H was 2.071, which meant that when bark thickness increased 1 mm, the total number of insect would increase to 2.071. Therefore, total number of insect were positively and linearly correlated with bark thickness and diameter class within a certain scope in Xinjiang wild apple. The total number of insects increased with the increasing of bark thickness and diameter class.

Research Progress on Plant Self-incompatibility Mechanism

LIU Su-ling1, ZHAO Guo-jian1, WU Xin1, ZHANG Bai-hang2, GAO Ling-wei3,

2016, 18(4):  31-37.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.656

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The plant self-incompatibility (SI) response is a common phenomenon in flowering plants, which prevents self degradation and maintains the genetic diversity of a reproductive segregation. The mechanism of self-incompatibility has diversity and independence, self-incompatibility mechanism among the various divisions is the origin of different, and genes of self-incompatibility are not homologous. This article summarized the classifications of plant self-incompatibility, and expounded different kinds of self-incompatibility mechanism according to the classification. Based on the results of summaries in this article, the research difficulties and the directions of self incompatibility were further analyzed.

Research Status of Genetically Modified Potatoes

AN Na, DONG Mei, WAN Yu-song, JIN Wu-jun, LI Liang*

2016, 18(4):  38-43.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.048

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Potato is the fourth important food after rice, corn and wheat in the world. Nowadays, the staple food of potato is a hot topic,because its core advantages are high yield, barren resistance, low water consumption, and easy to manufacture,etc.. Those advantages undoubtedly have great attractive in China because of cultivated land and water resources relativly shortage. At present, 45 commercial cultivations of genetically modified potato were approved to plant in the world with the traits of insect-resistant, virus-resistant and quality improvement. Some of them will be assessed safety by Chinese government. On the basis of the status, this paper investigated the research progress of genetically modified potatoes in domestic and overseas, commercialized approval and biosafety accessment policy.  The paper was expected to provide the informative reference for the government to carry out safety inspection and draft the standards.

Research Progress on Plant Stress Resistance  Induced by Marine Oligosaccharides

YU Jin-cong1,2, HE Shu-ya1,2, LIN Ke-ming1,2

2016, 18(4):  44-51.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.701

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Marine oligosaccharides degraded from the polysaccharides in marine organisms are a series of oligosaccharide fragments. Marine oligosaccharides have special molecule structure and biological activity, so they are new-style, natural plant growth regulators, which can be used exogenously to influence plant growth and stress resistance. Main marine oligosaccharides include chitosan oligosaccharides, alginate oligosaccharides, agaro-oligosaccharides, carrageenan oligosaccharides and ulva oligosaccharides, etc. They can bind to the specific receptors located in the plasma membrane and trigger signaling pathways. The activation of these signaling pathways make defensing genes express. Thus, marine oligosaccharides induced the activity of related resistance enzymes, and accumulation of stress resistance compounds, and then can enhance the protection against adversity stress in plants. This paper summarized the kinds of marine oligosaccharides used at present, and the mechanism of plant stress resistance induced by marine oligosaccharides, so as to provide references for the applied research of marine oligosaccharides in plant stress resistance.


Effects of a Complete Pelleted Diet on Production  Performance of Ziwuling Black Goat

ZHANG Tian-neng1, WANG Ji-qing1, XIE Wen-zhang2, Gou Zhan-fa2, HU Jiang1,

2016, 18(4):  52-57.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.691

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In order to set up a short-term and best economic fattening lamb feeding mode, this paper took Ziwuling black goat lambs and 2 different feeds, a complete pelleted diet (experimental group), and a local formulated feed (control group) as investigation target, for a short time finishing experiment to observe its growth performance, carcass capability and meat quality. The results indicated that the lamb of  experimental group had better growth and carcass traits than that of control group (P>0.05). The live weight gains were 5.15 kg and 4.51 kg, respectively; the carcass weight were 10.54 kg and 9.88 kg, respectively; and the dressing percentage were 49.63% and 48.31%, respectively. Meat quality of the experimental group was superior to that of the control group, while driage of the experimental group was 5.4% (P<0.01), lower than that of  control group; and its cooked meat percentage was 8.15% (P<0.01), higher than that of the control group. The economic benefit analysis revealed that net profit of per lamb was 16 yuan more than that of control group. These results indicated that using complete pellet feed to fatten Ziwuling black goat lamb had a better effect.

 

Research Progress on Genetic Evaluation of  the Main Quantitative Traits of Honeybee

CHEN Xiao, CHEN Chao, LIU Zhi-guang, WANG Hui-hua, GUO Hai-kun, SHI Wei*

2016, 18(4):  58-63.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.660

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Genetic evaluation is an important part of honeybee breeding program. The genetic evaluation of honeybee is markedly more difficult than other agricultural animals because colony traits in honeybee are the expression of the combined activities of the queen and workers. The genetic merit of mates and haploid drones also make it more difficult. Offspring-dam regression and sister-queens regression methods have been used to evaluate heritability and breeding values in the honeybee. After several years' hard working, the pedigree information of honeybee has been improved. Recently, the most advantageous method currently available for evaluating breeding values in other animals, the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) animal model, has been adapted to the peculiarities of honeybee genetics and reproduction. Since the BLUP animal model has been used for genetic evaluation in honeybee in other countries, the genetic improvement has been accelerated significantly. This article reviewed the particularities of genetic evaluation, genetic correlation and applying of BLUP model in honeybee.


Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a GH45 Endo cellulase Gene ncGH45 from Neurospora crassa in Pichia pastoris

GUO Chao1,2, ZHAO Jun-qi2, QI Xi-zhen2, SUN Wen-liang2, LIU Hao1, TIAN Chao-guang2*

2016, 18(4):  64-72.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.663

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As an important glycoside hydrolases, cellulases can be widely used in biofuel, feed, pulp and paper, laundry and textile. The GH45 family endo-cellulase gene ncGH45 from N. crassa contained 935 nucleotides (including a 53-bp intron) coding a 272 amino acids peptide. The putative protein consisted of a N-terminal catalytic motif and 1 C-terminal carbohydrate binding motif. This gene was expressed successfully in P. pastoris and the recombinant enzyme rNcGH45 showed a single band in the culture supernatant with enzyme activity of 20 U/mL. The recombinant rNcGH45 displayed maximum activity at pH 4.5~5.0 and 60~65℃, the relative activity were over 75% at pH 4.0~8.0 and at 30~70℃. Almost no activity was lost after being treated for 2 h at 37℃ and 50℃, and pH range was 3.0~11.0. The recombinant enzyme could resist high temperature, which remained 89.6% and 77.7% residual activities after pretreated at 70℃ and 80℃ for 2 h and even could remain 10% residual activity after boiled for 10 min. Besides, the purified enzyme had the highest activity against lichenin (1 116.0 U/mg, 438.8%), followed by barley β-glucan (754.2 U/mg, 296.6%) and CMC-Na (254.6 U/mg, 100%). The kinetic parameter of Km and Vmax against barley β-glucan and CMC-Na were 6.26 mg/mL and 997.4 μmol/mg·min, 19.96 mg/mL and 722.1 μmol/mg·min, respectively. The predominant hydrolysis products of rNcGH45 against the polysaccharides were cellopentose, and the minimum substrate was cellotriose against cello-oligosaccharides. Furthermore, the defibrillation activity on dyed cotton of rNcGH45 was investigated, when 10 U rNcGH45 was added in, the weight-loss ratio reached 1.55%. In conclusion, the highly expression strain of rNcGH45 was successfully constructed and the recombinant protein showed excellent enzymatic property, which made the rNcGH45 have great potential application in textile and other industrial fields.


Research Progress on Impact Evaluation of Precision  Agriculture Technology on Ecological Environment

WANG Yong-sheng1,2, CHEN Jing1,2, TAO Huan1,2, HU Hai-tang1,2,

2016, 18(4):  73-78.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.027

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Precision agriculture is an important win-win path that ensures crop yield and protects the agro-environment. This paper reviewed the environmental benefits of water and fertilizer precision application and pest disease and weed precision management. By saving resource input, reducing resource loss, enhancing utilization efficiency, precision agriculture dropped soil and water environment porution brought by agriculture production. However, at present the evaluation was mainly focused on resource input, utilization efficienc, and soil and water quality. The acquisition ways of field variable information were different. There were differences between model prediction and field application effect. Soil quality and crop species were different. All these factors had led to the uncertainty of environment effect evaluation of precision agriculture. Future studies should establish a field fixed location trial for precision agriculture technology; carry out long-term ecological environment benefit evaluation, so as to supply valuable data for popularization and application of precision agriculture technology.

Study on the Distribution Characteristics of  Scattered Light around Peach Pit

TANG Chun-Xiao1, WANG ZHAO-Rui1, LI En-bang1,2*

2016, 18(4):  79-86.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.628

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This paper studied the distribution characteristics of scattered light around peach pit using laser and computer vision technology combined with cutting step by step method similar to CT, and Matlab dealing with images to . The results showed that when incident light was stronger enough, the peach pit might affect the distribut of forward transmission light and backward scattering light. And the closer to the pit, the stronger the light was. After image treatment and data analysis, it was tentatively believed that fruit pit had played a role of weakening the strength of forward transmission light, i.e. the existence of fruit pit reduced the strength of transmission light signal. Light distribution of fruit internal tissues was affected by fruit pit. Within the tissues near peach pit, the gray curve no matter vertical or horizontal all accord with Gaussian distribution. Above results provided reference for realizing nondestructive detection of fruit internal quality by using laser image method from the optical point of view.

Kinematics Simulation Analysis of the Sugarcane #br# Harvester Cutter based on Adams

XIE Feng, GUO Jin-bing, LIAO Na, LIU Yun-dong, GUAN Cheng-jun*

2016, 18(4):  87-92.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.707

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In order to investigate the effect of cutter movement on sugarcane harvesting quality and improve the cutting quality, this paper studied the kinematics law of double base cutter in sugarcane harvester, and calculated a formula to describe the kinematics law. The best motion parameters, forward velocity of harvester, speed of cutter rotation and numbers of blades could be calculated through this formula to control the repeated cutting times. To verify the validity of the formula, a three-dimensional entity model of the sugarcane cutter was built using pro/E. The motion of the model was simulated using Adams, and the displacement curve and track diagram of the points of blades was obtained based on the simulation results. The results showed that the repeated cutting frequency of sugarcane would increase with the increase of coefficient P in the formula under the condition of different forward velocity of harvester and different number of blades. To achieve a specific cutting effect, accurate matching among parameters of rotate speed of cutter, forward velocity of harvester and numbers of blades can be calculated by selecting appropriate coefficient P. When P was 1 or 2, one-blade cutting or two-blade cutting sugarcane would be an ideal cutting result.

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes and Mulching  Methods on Dry Matter Accumulation and Water Use  Efficiency of Spring Maize

TANG Hai-ming, XIAO Xiao-ping*, TANG Wen-guang, WANG Ke, GUO Li-jun,

2016, 18(4):  93-100.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.649

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It is of significant importance for scientific regional evaluation and rational utilization of fertilization modes to study the dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring maize in red soil upland at southern China with different fertilization modes and mulching methods. Taking local routine fertilization modes as CK, this paper studied the effects of different fertilization modes and mulching methods on dry matter accumulation, yield and WUE of spring maize in red soil upland of southern China. The different treatments included conventional fertilization + potassium + organic fertilizer with plastic mulching (TOK); conventional fertilization + organic fertilizer with plastic mulching (TO), conventional fertilization + potassium without mulching (TK). The results showed that the chlorophyll content in leaves of spring maize with different treatments was TOK＞TK＞TO＞CK. And the leaf area per plant and leaf area index of spring maize with TOK and TK treatments were significantly higher than that of CK (P<0.05) at the seedling and jointing stages. While the TOK treatment had remarkable higher leaf area per plant and leaf area index than that of the the CK (P<0.05) at heading and maturing stages. The dry root weights of TOK treatment were remarkably higher than that of the other treatments (P<0.05), and the dry weights of stem and leaf of TOK and TK treatments were notably higher than that of the other treatments(P<0.05) during each main growing stages of spring maize. Meanwhile, the water contents of 0~20 cm soil in different treatments were all higher (P<0.05) than that of the CK at each main growth stages of spring maize. The sequence was TOK>TO>TK>CK. The sequence of WUE was TOK＞TK＞TO＞CK, and TOK treatment had the highest WUE, which increased by 38.04% comparing with the CK. There were not significant differences in ear diameter and row number between TK, TO, TOK treatments and the CK. But the ear length, kernel number, number of grains in an ear and 100-grains weight were remarkably higher than that of the CK. The sequence of spring maize yield was TOK＞TK＞TO＞CK. The grain yield of TOK, TK and TO treatments were increased by 34.41%, 11.72% and 8.36%, than that of the CK, respectively. The above results indicated that based on conventional fertilization, adding organic fertilizer and potassium with plastic mulching are banificial for increasing dry matter accumulation, grain yield and improving WUE of spring maize.

Exploring of High Yield and Efficient Cultivation Techniques  in Soybean in Northern Mountainous area of Hebei

LIU Yuan1, LI Wen-long1, LI Xi-huan1, WANG Rui-xia2,

2016, 18(4):  101-108.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.627

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In order to study the effects of different treatments on yield, yield components and quality of soybean, this experiment took ‘Chengdou 6’ as material, and setup treatments with different sites, fertilization levels and planting density. The results showed that suitable fertilization levels for Yu County of Zhangjiakou, Funing County of Qinhuangdao, Pingquan District of Chengde were urea (149.6 kg/hm2), bisamine (180 kg/hm2) and muriate potash (149.6 kg/hm2), and when the optimal planting density was 195 000 plant/hm2, the yield could be the highest. The basic soil fertility and climatic conditions of different testing sites were compared and found that Pingquan District had higher contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and rapidly available potassium than the other 2 sites. Even if under the low contents of rapidly available phosphorus and organic matter, it was still a suitable testing area for high yield of ‘Chengdou 6’. Its fat content was the highest, but protein content was lower. This paper screened suitable fertilization level and planting density for soybeans growing in different testing areas, and explored suitable high yielding and high efficient soyabean cultivation technology through significant analysis on yield, yield components and quality of soybean grown in the mountainous area of northern Hebei Province.

Effect of Exogenous Organic Acids on Tobacco #br# Physiology Index and Soil Potassium Content

HAN Zhu-jun, XU Jie, WEI Xuan-zhi, HE Bing, XUE Gang, YANG Tie-zhao*

2016, 18(4):  109-114.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.680

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In order to improve the potassium content and quality of tobacco plants, this paper applied walic acid and citric acid on pot cultured tobacco varieties to analyze their effects on leaves potassium content, soil available potassium content, and flue-tobacco physiological characters. The results showed that the leaves potassium content, chlorophyll content, root system activity and soil available potassium content treated with organic acids were all higher than contrast, but the catalase activity of tobacco plant was lower than that of the contrast. Malic acid could increase the soil available potassium content, leave potassium content, chlorophyll content, leave catalase activity, leave peroxidase activity, MDA content, root system catalase activity, and root peroxidase activity; while the root system activity, leave and root superoxide dismutase activity, and root MDA content treated with citric acid were higher than those treated with malic acid. These results provided reference for field tobacco leaf production.

Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and  Different Fertilizers on Cadmium Content in  Tobacco and Soil under Cadmium Stress

YOU Fang-fang1, ZHAO Ming-qin1*, SUN Cui-hong1, CHEN Fa-yuan1,

2016, 18(4):  115-123.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.653

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In order to explore the feasibility of combined application of biochar and  different fertilizers to reduce Cd absorption of tobacco leaf and the content of Cd in soil, a pot experiment was designed to study the effects of applying biochar and different fertilizers under Cd stress on the biomass of tobacco leaves, the Cd content in different parts of tobacco, the Cd ontent in tobacco-growing soil, and soil pH. The results showed that (1) the application of biochar and fertilizer could promote the increase of biomass in tobacco leaves, and the order of biomass in tobacco leaves was organic fertilizer + inorganic fertilizer + biochar > inorganic fertilizer + biochar > organic fertilizer + inorganic fertilizer > inorganic fertilizer > CK; (2) Cd content in  different parts of tobacco leaves applying biochar and different fertilizers was lower, compared with the treatment of applying organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer; Cd content in leaves decreased 52.57% under application of biochar and organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer at reproductive period, and Cd contents in roots and stems were up to 59.69%; (3) the contents of available Cd in soil of each treatment were decreased by different degrees, and the decreasing amplitude was organic fertilizer + inorganic fertilizer + biochar > inorganic fertilizer + biochar > organic fertilizer + inorganic fertilizer > inorganic fertilizer > CK. Thus, the application of biochar and inorganic fertilizer or organic fertilizer could promote the growth of tobacco leaves, reduce the absorption and accumulation of Cd, and reduce Cd content in tobacco leaves, so the application of biochar and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer was suitable for the soil with heavy metal pollution.


The Light Response Curve Model Comparison #br# Analysis of 5 Ulmus Plants

XIAO Dan-dan1, ZUO Li-hui1, WANG Jin-mao1, LIANG Hai-yong1, SHI Ya-peng1,

2016, 18(4):  124-131.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.062

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Using light response curves of photosynthesis for 5 Ulmus plants fitted by 4 kinds of photosynthesis light response models, this paper contrasted the main characteristic parameters of the model of the optical response to explore the difference of each model and different Ulmus.The results showed that the fitting results of different models for the same plant were different, so was the same model for different plants. The rectangular hyperbola  correction model's  (model Ⅲ) fitting degree was the best of the four kinds of models that could reflect the phenomenon of photoinhibition of plants, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate and light compensation point were greatly different with measurements. The summary of this study indicated that exponential model (model Ⅳ) was the best model of photosynthetic light-response curve of the 5 Ulmus. The photosynthetic capacity of Ulmus davidiana Planch was the largest, Ulmus macrocarpa is minimal. Path analysis showed that the dominant factors affecting the photosynthetic were different.


Research Progress on Effects of Air Particle Matters,  NH3 and H2S on Animal Fertility and Performance

ZHAO Yong1,2,3, SHEN Wei3, ZHANG Hong-fu1*

2016, 18(4):  132-138.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.640

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Animal diseases in reproduction system have been increased in recent years, thus animal fertility and production performance were descended. Research findings discovered that air pollutions (particle matters, NH3 and H2S) might be the major cause for this change. This paper summarized the research progress in the effects and mechanisms of particle matters, NH3 and H2S on animal fertility and productivity, and put forward relative measures to reduce these pollutions in farms, so as to provide theoretical basis for healthy animal breeding of the new era.

Nutrition Contents and its Stability Analysis of #br# Biogas Residue and Slurry

DING Jing-tao, SHEN Yu-jun, MENG Hai-bo*, LIU Yue, CHENG Hong-sheng

2016, 18(4):  139-146.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.630

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To effectively use and manage the biogas slurry and residue, this paper analyzed nutrition and heavy metal contents of biogas slurry and residue in three biogas projects with different raw materials (cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure) in Beijing, ahd discused the temporal variation of nutrition contents of biogas slurry from different raw materials. The results showed that the biogas slurry from chicken manure had the highest contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, which were 5 706.23 mg/L and 121.21 mg/L, respectively. The contents of total potassium of the slurry from cow dung was higher than the other two. The biogas residue from pig manure had the highest contents of total nitrogen, which was 31 000.03 mg/kg, and the concentration of biogas residue from chicken manure was 23 951.02 mg/kg. The zinc and copper contents in pig manure fermentation residue and the cuprum contents in cow dung fermentation residue were above the standards for agricultural purpose. Nutrition contents in the three kinds of biogas slurry decreased constantly with the storage time, which showed significant negative correlation. Moreover, the loss ratios of nutrition contents increased as the storage temperature increased in biogas slurry. Nutrition contents of biogas slurry from chicken manure lost more easily than the two other. The results could provide theoretical basis for the biogas slurry and residue storage and its application.


Effect of the Totally Impermeable Film on Fumigants Control Efficiency of Soil-borne Pathogen and Insects

FANG Wen-sheng, CAO Ao-cheng, HAN Da-wei, LIU Peng-fei,

2016, 18(4):  147-152.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.129

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Totally impermeable film (TIF) has good barrier properties for fumigants, but its impacts on the prevention of soil-borne pest were uncleared. Field test method was adopted to determine the effect of TIF on dimethyl disulfide, dazomet and 1,3-dichloropropene for cucumber soil-borne diseases, cucumber growth vigor, yield and farmer income. The results indicated that compared with PE, covering TIF could significantly improve the control effects of fumigants for soil root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), Phytophthora (Phytophthora spp.) and Fusarium (Fusarium spp.); and there were no significant differences on cucumber yields  between TIF at low fumigant usage and PE at high fumigant usage. Application of TIF could significantly reduce the fumigant dosage, yet does not affect the control effect. Additionally, it could also reduce the hazard of fumigant volatile on persons who are spraying fumigant. Therefore, TIF is a promising and special film for soil disinfection.

 

Study on Relationship between Resources Abundance of  Squids and Marine Environment in High Seas Fishing Grounds

TANG Feng-hua1,2, CUI Xue-sen1,3, FAN Wei1,3, ZHANG Sheng-mao1,

2016, 18(4):  153-162.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.556

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This paper discussed the gravity change situation of resource center on fishing ground for Ommastrephes bartramii in the North Pacific, Illex argentinus Castellanos  in the Southwest Atlantic and Dosidicus gigas in East Pacific, which made a comprehensive relationship between fisheries and major marine environment factors(sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, and ocean current), by collating and analyzing the 3 ocean squids fishing grounds historical production data (2002-2014) in combination with the marine environment data at the same period, and using the production center of gravity method and generalized additive model (GAM). The results showed that the optimal sea surface temperature(SST ) range of the North Pacific fishery was 15~20℃, the optimal chlorophyll-a concentration range was 0.20~0.60 mg/m3; the optimal SST range of fishing ground for Illex argentinus  Castellanos in the Southwest Atlantic was 9~14℃, the optimal chlorophyll-a concentration range was 0.60~1.65 mg/m3; the optimal SST range of fishing ground for Dosidicus gigas in East Pacific was 18~23℃, the optimal chlorophyll-a concentration range was 0.16~0.40 mg/m3. GAM test results showed that SST had a significant correlation to resource abundance and was a key indicator to the central fishing grounds. Generally fisheries position appeared at the intersection of different ocean current rip. This study sugessted that the production efficiency could be improved by adjusting fisheries center of gravity and improving production efficiency, according to sea state information of times change in fishery.

Investigation of Variety Contamination in Seedling  Production Process of the Brown Seaweed Saccharina japonica Using Parthenogenesis Test#br#

LI Jing, PANG Shao-jun*, SHAN Ti-feng, GAO Su-qin

2016, 18(4):  163-167.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.643

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Seedling production of brown alga Saccharina japonica in China happens in recirculated cold seawater  to provide sufficiently large young plants for open sea cultivation when the seawater temperature drops below 20℃. In order to clarify whether there was a variety contamination problem in the sharing recirculated cold water system when more than one variety was produced in this investigation, a female gametophyte clone was used to test whether hybrid sporophytes could be obtained at the inlet of the water system and inside the seedling culture tanks, using parthenogenetic sporophytes as the control. Four microsatellite loci were used to further analyze the genotypes of the sporophytes. Results showed that the sporophytes obtained at the water inlet and inside the seedling production tanks were composed of alien genes indicating clearly the presence of variety contamination. Thus, this paper suggested that an independent water system was required to cultivate the parental plants in order to maintain purity and superior characteristics of each variety.

Study on Room Temperature Preservation Technology of  Live Newcasle Disease Virus

LV Fang1, LU Yu1, WANG Jia-jia2, HAO Zheng-lin1,2, ZHAO Yan-hong1,3,

2016, 18(4):  168-173.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.042

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The vaccine of newcasle disease virus was prepared by vaccum foam drying. In the process, thermostable protectant was a mixture of trehalose, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP) and inorganic water soluble phosphates. The virus titer of formulation T5, lossed only 0.2 Lg at 37℃ for 10 d. The foam vaccine had favorable heat tolerance, could be storaged at 25℃ for 15 months, 37℃ for 5 months, and 2～8℃ for 24 months. The glass-transition temperature of foam vaccine was detected by DSC, showed superordinary temperature of 56.45℃. A regular lamellar structure, the foam vaccine microappearance, was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared with commercial vaccine，the HI titer of the foam vaccine has an identical level after immuned for 14 d on chickens.


A Microwave-assisted Procedure for the Extraction Polysaccharide  from Evodia rutaecarpa Using Response Surface Methodology

XU Lan1, ZHANG Peng-fei1, LEI Li-xia1, ZHANG Hai-rong2, WANG Chuang-yun3

2016, 18(4):  174-180.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.710

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In order to explore the feasibility of microwave-assisted procedure for  extraction polysaccharide from Evodia rutaecarpa, on the basis of single factor experiments with three factors and three levels of response surface analysis, this paper won the second equation of linear regression (P<0.01) using the software Box-Behnken experiment design principle. The response surface figure were built with polysaccharide extraction yield as response values to determine the optimum parameters of microwave extraction of Evodia rutaecarpa polysaccharide as follows: microwave power of 400 W, extraction time of 100 s, extraction times of 2, and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶100; Evodia rutaecarpa polysaccharide extraction rate was 21.7%（predictive value of 21.9%, the traditional water extraction was only 12.3%）, validation experiments showed  that the model equation can well predict the result of the experiment, the fitting was good.


The new Fermentation Method to Produce Chlorogenic  Acid by a Strain of Bacillus subtilis with  Ipomoea batatas Leaves

DING Ren-fang, FENG Su, XIE Chen-wen, ZHANG Xing-li, LIU Xiao-xue, ZHANG Jie*

2016, 18(4):  181-189.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.661

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Chlorogenic acid is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, mainly extracted from precious medicinal plants. A new method was established with crop-fresh sweet potato（Ipomoea batatas）leaves to produce chlorogenic acid by a strain of Bacillus subtilis RP5 isolated from FlosLonicerae japonicae. HPLC and LC-MS were used to investigate the impact of sweet potato leaves extraction as main liquid culture medium on the yield of chlorogenic acid synthesized by RP5．Results of optimization suggested that the optimal fermentation liquid medium composition was: sucrose 40 g/L，NH4Cl 10 g/L，CuSO4 0.04 g/L, fresh sweet potato leaves (200 g/L). This method indicated that RP5 using sweet potato leaves as material of culture medium could greatly accumule  chlorogenic acid and the yield increased 37.75 mg/L, which was about 23.90 times compared with basal fermentation (1.58 mg/L) of RP5 with potato dextrose broth. The production of total chlorogenic acids including chlorogenic acid and its 2 isomers increased 55.22 mg/L, which was about 31.74 times compared to basal fermentation (1.74 mg/L) of RP5. Using sweet potato leaves with endophytic bacteria to produce chlorogenic acids is first reported herein. This method is simple and can be applied to other materials. The results provided data support for large scale chlorogenic acids production and speeded up the comprehensive utilization of bacteria and sweet potato leaves, and the reasonable development and utilization of crops products .

Correlation and Policy Proposals of Grain Output and # Financial Revenue of Main Grain Producing Areas

——Based on the Prespective of Comparison  with Main Grain Sale Areas

CUI Qi-feng1, JIANG He-ping1*, JIANG Li2, WU Ying-xuan3

2016, 18(4):  190-198.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.682

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Although the main grain producing areas have made a great contribution to the national food security, their economic developments are far behind the main grain sales areas. This paper concluded that the more grain output, the poorer local government revenue in main grain areas by comparing some economic indicators with the main sales areas and through statistical method and Panel Data model. Based on the empirical results and cause analysis, this paper suggested that the central government should establish dynamic and long-term financial compensation mechanism, promote the development of grain related industry in the main producing areas, and encourage cooperation between the main sales areas and main producing areas.


Investigation and Studies on Broiler Raising Household  Epidemic Prevention Behavior under Risk of Avian Influenza

HUANG Ze-ying, WANG Ji-min*, WANG Chen, LIU Chun-fang

2016, 18(4):  199-207.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.631

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Avian influenza has become a major disease endangering public safety in recent decade. Broiler raising households are the main body of broiler epidemic prevention, whose epidemic prevention behaviors should abide by the relevant laws and regulations. In order to understand broiler raising households implementation of <animal quarantine>, this paper collected and analyzed survey data from questionnaires of 331 broiler raising households in 6 provinces. The results indicated that 97.28% broiler raising households averagely immunized each broiler chicken 4~5 times, and 85.5% of them established archives in accordance with the provisions; 98.19% broiler raising households carried out disinfection in chickens living period and konglan period, and the disinfection time interval was 7 d/time once. The majority of them did not build disposal and disinfection facilities, but some broiler raising households with these facilities thought these facilities had good effect. Most broiler raising households neither hired labours, nor learned professional knowledge on epidemic prevention; but those hired labours prefered to hire professional epidemic prevention talents. According to the survery results and present situation of broiler breeding, this paper put forward relative policy suggestions to provide decision-making basis for the formulation and perfection of policy about avian influenza prevention and control.

Study on Development Trend of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Detection Technology Based on Patent Analysis

LIN Zhi-jian1, ZHAO Yun-hua2, SHEN Kai1, QIU Qiu-fei1, YING Xiang-wei1*,

2016, 18(4):  208-217.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.712

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On the basis of patent literature statistical analysis, this paper studied  domastic and foreign diagnosis technology for crop diseases, insect pests and weeds from 4 angles of time, region, patentee and technology attributes; and summarized the future development trends of patent technology in these technical areas. The results suggested that the diagnosis technology for crop diseases, insect pests and weeds in the world was developing rapidly. Recently, China had made more R&D achievements in these technical areas. Crop insect pests and diseases detection were the key R&D technology. In China, universities and research institutes, rather than enterprises, were the main innovators in this technical area. The leaders kept core technology of crop diseases, insect pests and weeds diagnosis were foreign enterprises, and the patent quality of domestic research institutes and enterprises need to be further improved. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for further development of crop diseases, insect pests and weeds diagnosis technology in China from 2 respects: government and enterprises.