Table of Content

15 June 2016, Volume 18 Issue 3

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Current Situation and Countermeasures of Agricultural Data Sharing

WANG Dong-jie1,2, LI Zhe-min1,2, ZHANG Jian-hua1,2, XU Shi-wei1,2*

2016, 18(3):  1-6.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.564

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Open-sharing of agriculture big data is of significant importance for promoting the interconnection and interflow, collaboration and coordination between various agricultural departments, and scientific policy decision. This paper analyzed the current situation of agricultural big datas open-sharing. At present, the basic environment is changing continuousely, and a group of agriculture information sharing and publishing platform has been established. But with the institutional constraints, there were many problems: standard techniques were lacking, laws and regulations were lag behind, the total open number of agricultural big data was too little, machine read was pretty poor, and data update ratio was still low. Therefore, this paper put forward relevant measures to improve agricultural big data sharing, from the view points of an exploration and innovation on the top level design, technical condition, content standard, sharing mechanism and legal norms, etc., so as to promote the open-sharing of agriculture big data and resources integration; and promote governance ability for mordern agriculture.

Innovation-driven Strategy of Agricultural Internet of Things under the Reform Perspective

FENG Xian1,2, LI Jin1,2*, GUO Mei-rong1,2

2016, 18(3):  7-17.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.583

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Agricultural internet of things (IoT) is a technology system which is IoT technology application and development in agriculture. To develop agricultural IoT is conductive to realize intelligentialize, controllable, and precision in each link of agricultural production. It is a strategic support for transforming the agricultural development mode. Furthermore, it is a critical path for realization of “four modernizations synchronization”. In recent years, agricultural IoT has achieved remarkable success in technology application, platform construction, standards setting, and business models. However, compared with the developed countries, agricultural IoT development in China is still at a preliminary stage. It is facing a series of challenges and problems, including poor breakthrough of key technology, small size of business application, unsound sustainable mechanism and lagging implementation of supporting policies. Therefore, to realize China's innovation-driven development of agricultural IoT, accelerating the industry of the agricultural IoT to the higher end of the value chain, the paper suggested to adopt some innovation-driven strategy measures, including pushing the agricultural IoT to a high development level with technology innovation, which including technology research and application; optimizing the development condition of agricultural IoT with institutional innovation, which including land, finance, talents, project, outcomes, etc.; bracing the development foundation of agricultural IoT with policy innovation, which including financial input, product subsidy, and industry support.

Analysis and Discussion of Chinese Agricultural Park Informatization Construction

JIA Xing-yong, YANG Bao-zhu*

2016, 18(3):  18-24.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.067

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The State Council explicitly proposed to establish the agricultural science and technology parks with the role of strong drive and samples around China. The national "13th Five-Year" plan proposed to improve the levels of agricultural technology in equipment and information, and to develop wisdom agriculture. After the start-up and rapid development stages, Chinese agricultural park is now getting through the rapid expansion stage, but the system engineering of park information has not yet been widely applied. The inevitable trend of the future development of the park includes the informatization of the agricultural pre-prodution, production and post-production. This paper analyzed and discussed the current status of agricultural park information construction in China, as well its construction content, existing problems and development proposals, in order to provide references for the agricultural park information construction program.

Insect-resistant Rice Cultivar Breeding by Marker-assisted Selection

ZHAO Yue1,2, ZHANG Shi-lai2, HU Jian3, HUANG Li-yu4, ZHANG Jing2,

2016, 18(3):  25-31.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.073

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Bt gene is an insect-resistant gene, cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis against lepidoptera pests. So far, the insect-resistant genes, such as Cry1Ab/Ac and Cry1C, have more effect to insect-resistance obtained through genetic engineering. In this study, the insect-resistant rice varieties ‘Huahui 1’, ‘RJ-5’ and ‘T1C-19’, carrying Cry1Ab/Ac, RCry1C and Cry1C, respectively, were employed as donor to transfer Bt genes into genome of ‘Chugeng 28’, which is a main rice cultivar in Yunnan Province, to improve insect-resistant of rice by backcross and marker-assisted selection (MAS). Insect-resistant transgenic rice lines were identified based on DNA, RNA and protein molecular level. Results showed that 3 types of Bt genes (Cry1Ab/Ac, RCry1C and Cry1C) were transferred into ‘Chugeng 28’ genome, respectively. Moreover, insect resistance testing indicated that these new transgenic cultivars, carrying 3 kinds of Bt genes, Cry1Ab/Ac, RCry1C and Cry1C, were resistant to lepidoptera pests. These new cultivars were named ‘Yunkangchongdao 1’, ‘Yunkangchongdao 2’, and ‘Yunkangchongdao 3’, respectively. These insect resistant rice lines would provide genetic resources and applying basis for insect-resistance rice genetic improvement and production in Yunnan Province.

De novo Sequencing and Analysis of Cyathula officinalis Kuan. a Chinese Traditional Medicine

YAN Shen1, CHI Xu2, TONG Kai1, LI Zhao-ling1, DENG Meng-sheng1,

2016, 18(3):  32-37.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.528

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Cyathula officinalis Kuan. is an important Chinese medicine. However, its quality has degraded significantly in the last few years, and its authenticity has been jeopardized by hybridization. To understand the accumulation of the effective components in C. officinalis, de novo next generation sequencing of C. officinalis's genome were performed using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform using AByss. After de novo assembly of the data, a large data set composed of genomic sequences were obtained. Based on the dataset and annotation of its repetition and coding region, this paper constructed the steroid biosynthetic pathway in C. officinalis, and located the SCAR biomarkers to identify the genuineness of C. officinalis's authenticity. These results provided a foundation for the research of cyasterone biosynthetic pathway in C. officinalis, and further improvement of its quality.

Research Progress on Phenotype of Transport Tissue of Ear and Kernel in Maize

SHAO Meng1,2, ZHANG Ying1,2, GUO Xin-yu1,2*

2016, 18(3):  38-45.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.604

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Maize ear and kernel transport tissue are essential channels which communicate with stem and transport nutrients into kernel. As the rising demand for food, maize ear as the carrier of high yield and high quality whose morphological structure and physiological function of nutrient transport tissue are taken much attention in breeding research recently. Based on the research in China and foreign counties, this paper enumerated the main study methods of maize ear and kernel nutrients transport tissue, summarized its development of phenotypic characters and function and the relationships between yield. Meanwhile, the research direction of maize ear and kernel nutrients transport tissue were prospected in the background of the development of plant genomics and phenomics.

Studies on WRKY Transcription Factors and Their Biological Functions in Plants

XIE Zheng-wen1, WANG Lian-jun2, CHEN Jin-yang1, WANG Jiao1, SU Yi-jun1,

2016, 18(3):  46-54.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.605

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WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are typically characterized by a WRKY domain and belonged to a large class of TFs in plants. The WRKY domain contains a highly conserved core sequence of WRKYGQK at its N-terminal, and a C-terminal zinc finger-like motif, which is generally C-X4-5-C-X22-23-H-X-H. WRKY proteins could bind specifically to the W-box elements in the promoter of the downstream target genes via the WRKY DNA-binding domain for transcriptional regulation. Accumulated studies showed that the WRKY protein family was widely involved in processes of seed germination and dormancy, leaf senescence, metabolism, hormone signaling, and biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Also, regulatory networks of WRKY TFs were illuminated. This paper reviewed the recent progresses on WRKY TFs, mainly focusing on the biological functions of WRKY TFs in response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in plant growth and development. Additionally, WRKY proteins that play ‘double-edged sword' roles in responses to biotic stresses were illustrated.

Research Progress on Test Methods for Antioxidant Ability of Endogenous Phenols in Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicer acaerulea L.) Fruits

GE Li-li1, Zhang Qi-chang1*, WEI Hong-xu2, LI Guo-Wei1

2016, 18(3):  55-61.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.140

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Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a high-quality berry with significant homology of medicine and food, which has been demonstrated to have significant antioxidant ability and effective resistance to both disease and bacteria due to abundant content of endogenous phenols in the fruit. This paper introduced the components of endogenous phenols in extracts from blue honeysuckle fruits and summarized the direct and indirect test methods for antioxidant ability of endogenous phenols. Meanwhile, some advices and prospects were made on future studies about test methods for antioxidant ability of endogenous phenols from extracts in blue honeysuckle fruits, which was expected the present review could provide useful information for the development and utilization of blue honeysuckle fruits.

Effect Analysis of Hybridization and Improvement of Meat Performance on Gansu Alpine Merino

ZHU Jian-xun1, WANG Ji-qing1, ZHOU Zhi-de2, HU Jiang1, LI Shao-bin1,

2016, 18(3):  62-66.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.668

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Three foreign sheep breeds, Black Suffolk, Bond and Poll Dorset, were used as male parents to improve the meat performance of Gansu Alpine Merino (which generation were referred to as BSG, BG and DG, respectively), and the purebreeding offsprings of Gansu Alpine Merino (referred to as GAM) were used as the control group to investigate the growth and meat performance of each hybrid combination lambs before 6 months old in this study. The results suggested that the body mass of BSG, BG and DG at 1~2 and 6 months old along with the average daily gain of the whole period (birth~6-month-old) were significantly higher than those of the control group. The body mass of BSG, BG and DG at 6-month-old reached to 38.11 kg, 37.39 kg and 36.60 kg, respectively, which increased by 6.75 kg, 6.03 kg and 5.24 kg compared with the control group, respectively (P ＜0.01). The body mass of 6-month-old, the average daily gain after weaning and the whole period, and the carcass mass of BSG were all the maximum, whose carcass mass of 6-month-old reached to 16.36 kg, and increased by 1.21 kg and 0.96 kg than those of BG and DG, respectively (P＞0.05), and 3.36 kg higher than that of the control group (P＜0.01). Therefore, these 3 excellent foreign mutton sheep breeds can obviousely improve the growth and meat performance of Gansu Alpine Merino, and “Black Suffolk×Gansu Alpine Merino” is the optimal one among these 3 hybrid combiations.

Functional Analysis of bifA in Pseudomonas stutzeri

LU Jia-si1,2, SHANG Li-guo2, ZHAN Yu-hua2, LU Wei2,

2016, 18(3):  67-73.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.121

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Cyclic diguanolate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is an important bacterial second messenger molecule which was involved in the regulation of various cellular processes. C-di-GMP is synthesized by the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) from two GTP molecules, and hydrolyzed by the phosphodiesterases(PDEs). A bifA gene was reported to be the c-di-GMP degradation gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and was proposed to involved in adjusting intracellular c-di-GMP concentration. In this work, the role of bifA in c-di-GMP degradation and biofilm formation was investigated in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501. It was found that the deletion of the bifA gene resulted in an accumulation of intracellular c-di-GMP, and enhanced the capability of biofilm formation in A1501. In addition, excess c-di-GMP produced in the bifA mutant strain leaded swimming motility to repress. The results suggested that bifA is a key gene for c-di-GMP degradation. And the bifA affected the biofilm formation, swimming motility and other physiological phenotypes by regulating intracellular c-di-GMP concentration level. The results provided a theoretical basis for signal transduction and environmental adaptation of root-associate nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Research on Mechanization Technology Mode of Tea Plantation and Management

HAN Yu, XIAO Hong-ru*, SONG Zhi-yu, DING Wen-qin

2016, 18(3):  74-81.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.549

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To explore the way of mechanizing tea plantation from macroscopic view, and make the mechanization of tea plantation out of predicament as soon as possible, the paper analyzed applying situations, existing problems, and research progress of tea garden machinery in depth. By analyzing and researching the developing situations, this paper found out that one of the most important non-technical factors hindering the developing progress was the complicated terrain where Chinese tea garden scatters; and proposed a kind of mechanical technology mode and theory, named developing as terrain sorting theory, “developing different kinds of machines according to the various needs of different tea gardens sorted by their topographic slope”, which would improve apparently the eyeless situation of the mechanization of tea plantation fundamentally, start a new health and scientific developing stage, which would speed up the development of tea mechanization in China.

Crop Germplasm Resources Data Integration Based on Ontology

CHEN Li-na1, 2, FANG Wei1, SI Hai-ping3, CAO Yong-sheng1*

2016, 18(3):  82-88.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.550

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With further strengthening of national crop germplasm resources service platform, integration and sharing between platform data and other related data resources have become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper proposed a method named semantic metadata combining metadata and two-level ontology to implement system integration. Firstly, crop germplasm resources global ontology was established, then metadata in distributed database were extracted and centralized to one metabase in accordance with uniform standards. Meanwhile, each local ontology was established according to different data source. Finally, mapping was done between global ontology and metadata base, also between each local ontology and its data source, so as to form semantic metadata. Crop germplasm resources integrated framework was constructed, and integrated system was implemented. The experimental results showed that semantic metadata method could solve the problem both in semantic description and semantic data heterogeneity, and can ultimately achieve system integration. The local ontology makes query more intelligent, complete and precise, thus to improve service quality.

Research and Realization of Wheat Leaf Three-dimensional Visualization Based on NURBS Surface

LI Shu-qin1,2, ZHU Ye-ping1*, LIU Hai-long1, LI Shi-juan1, LIU Dan1,

2016, 18(3):  89-95.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.641

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Crop three-dimensional visualization will provide image lifelike visual tools for crop growth dynamic prediction, cultivation management control and crop plant type design, so as to effectively promote the development of the virtual agriculture and information agriculture. Since morphological structure of wheat is complex and three-dimensional visualization of the leaf is not easy to express, wheat leaf three-dimensional visualization were realized based on measured data and NURBS surface modeling. Firstly, wheat morphological data (leaf length, leaf width, stem and leaf angle, leaf bending angle, stem diameter, etc.) were collected from the field experiment, and then wheat leaf main vein control point construction algorithm were established, and the coordinates of the leaf main vein control point were calculated. Secondly, all control point coordinates and node vectors were calculated, the wheat leaf and leaf sheath surface model were built. Finally, the wheat simulation model of different growth period can be built with OpenGL graphics library, and the wheat leaf twisting deformation was implemented. The results showed that the selected wheat morphological data were representative, the reconstructed wheat leaf model were close to the real model, and it was easy to realize the dynamic simulation of wheat growth process.

Optimization of Pick-up Teeth and Roller for Automatic Unloading Film Recycling Machine

JIN Wei1, ZHANG Xue-jun1*, ZHANG Chao-shu2, SHI Zeng-lu1, YAN Jin-shan1,

2016, 18(3):  96-103.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.662

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In order to better solve the problem of broken residual film recycling and separation between residual film and stubble, soil, this paper optimized the design of pick-up teeth and drum through theoretical analysis and experiment. According to the working principle and assignment requirement of the residual film recycling machine, and the motion characteristics of pick-up teeth analyzed by motion simulation Adams software, this paper optimized the structure and parameter of key working parts of pick-up teeth and roller; established motion equation for pick-up teeth and roller; and obtained the factors and levels affecting the collecting rate and discharge rate of membrane, and the optimal level of factors combination, through orthogonal test of collecting rate and discharge rate and variance analysis. Experiment results showed that recycling ratio was the best when roller rotation speed was 120 r/min, depth of pick-up teeth buried was 80 mm, axial distance was 110 mm, number of circumference was 16. And film removing ratio was maximum when speed of unloading film roll was 400 r/min, radius was 300 mm. It has been verified by field experiment: the machine need not to be stopped to discharg membrane, and realized unloading membrane automatically, with recycling ratio 89.0% and film removing ratio 95.4%. These results have provided a theoretical basis for studying new type residual film recycling machine.

Evaluation on Carbon Balance of Crop Production in Western China

WANG Xing, XUE Jian-fu, WANG Yu-qiao, LI Ke-jia, ZHAO Xin, ZHANG Hai-lin*

2016, 18(3):  104-111.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.387

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With the rapid development of agriculture in western China, influences of carbon (C) emissions on corresponding ecological region are elevated. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the C balance on crop production in Western China for seeking low-carbon emission agriculture development strategies in this region. Based on agriculture related statistical data from 12 provinces in Western China during 1997-2012, this study evaluated the changes in quantity of C emission and fixation of crop production in those regions. The results indicated that the amounts of C emission and fixation of crop production system of each province in Western China increased with the year. The annual average increase was 3.7×106 t CO2-eq and 41.4×106 t CO2-eq for C emission and fixation, respectively. In addition, the average rate for C emission and fixation ranges from 51.7×104~3 314.7×104 t CO2-eq and 524.7×104~28 715.1×104 t CO2-eq, respectively. Among C emission inventories, chemical fertilizer application was the largest component occupied 45.7% of the total emission averagely, followed by fuel consumption of farming diesel and irrigation. Generally, the C balance of crop production in western China was surplus in fixation, but still observed variations varied greatly among provinces.

Effects of Placing Phosphorus Fertilizer in Different Soil Layers on Winter Wheat Growth and Yield

XI Tian-yuan1, LI Yong-shan1*, XIE San-gang1, LIU Qing-yun2, ZHAO Hai-zhen1,

2016, 18(3):  112-118.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.734

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In order to study the effects of placing phosphorus fertilizer in different soil layers on winter wheat growth and yield with PVC tubes in a field, this study designed six treatments of blank control, single N at 0~20 cm depth, single P at 0~20 cm depth, subsurface manuring N and P at 0~20 cm depth, manuring P by layers at 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~50 cm, and deep placing P at 40~50 cm in soil. The results showed the treatment of manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~50 cm depth in soil improved winter wheat growth, increased weights of aboveground parts and roots, improved root ratios in deeper soil layers. Compared with deep placing phosphorus at 40~50 cm, subsurface manuring and single phosphorus treatment, wheat yield of manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~50 cm depth in soil increased 7.46%, 16.16% and 75.81%, respectively, and P agronomic efficiency (PAE) increased 156.2%,43.71% and 297.11%, respectively. Therefore, manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~50 cm depth in soil improved winter wheat growth, yield and phosphorus efficiency.

Research on Yield Increasing Mechanism of Summer Foxtail Millet with Water-permeability Plastic Film Mulching and Bunch Planting Cultivation in Dry Land

XIA Xue-yan, SONG Shi-jia, LIU Meng, ZHAO Yu, REN Xiao-li, NAN Chun-mei,

2016, 18(3):  119-125.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.004

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In order to study the influencing mechanism of water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation on the yield of summer millet, this paper measured the yield components, dry matter accumulation, physiological indicators heading agronomic traits and photosynthetic performance features and analyzed their effect on millet yield. The results showed that: under no water in the whole growth period with 356 mm of rainfall, the millet yield using water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation in open field increased 48.57% compared with the control drilling. The dry matter accumulations of each organ growth stages of the treatment using water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation werehigher than the control. For the treatment,the millet plant nutrition and reproductive growth was vigorous, plant height was slightly higher than the control, stem stouter, ears larger; heading net photosynthetic rate, leaf area and leaf area index were higher than the control leaves, indicating that in heading stage, key period for yield formation, leaf areas of individuals and groups critical were more bigger, photosynthetical active areaincreased, photosynthetic capacity strongthened, which was conducived for the synthesis of organic substances and it was key for yield increasing; under the same number and valley acres considerable rate of the population, the single spike weight and grain weight significantly increased, so the yield of treatment was increased greatly.The water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity increased by more than 45% using water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation. Water-permeability plastic filmcould hold water and fertilizer, inhibit weed growth, while bunch planting could not ensure the emergence of groups of top soil, but also reduce the waste of water and fertilizer for unnecessary seedlings, so water-permeability plastic film mulching and bunch planting cultivation could greatly improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer, and then increase the yield of foxtail millet.

Preparing of Iron Lignosulfonate Fertilizer and its Effect on Iron Nutrition of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

LIU Zi-fei1,2, YUN Peng2, WANG Sheng-feng2, CHEN Lei3, GAO Li-li2,

2016, 18(3):  126-133.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.381

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Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient element for plant growth. Fe deficiency affacts the yield and quality of crops, and reduces the iron content in plant foods. Application of iron fertilizer is one of the effective measures to solve the problem of iron deficiency. The lignosulforate (LS) as pulp and paper industrial byproducts was obtained during the ammonium sulfite pulping process. The optimum synthetic conditions of preparing iron lignosulfonate (LS-Fe) was studied through L9(34) (four factors, three levels) orthogonal design experiment. The effects of LS-Fe on plant growth and the re-greening of Fe-deficient peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were assessed with pot experiments. The tested LS had the ability of chelating with Fe. The Fe content of LS-Fe product was affected by several factors, and the factors′ impact sequence was initial pH > temperature > dosage of ferrous ion > reaction time in decreasing order. The Fe concentration and pH of the LS-Fe, produced under the optimum synthetic conditions, were 12.65% and 6.98, respectively. There was no significant efficacy of application of LS-Fe, FeSO4 and EDTA-Fe on shoot biomass and active Fe content in young leaves of peanut plants that had no any Fe deficient chlorosis. However, when the chlorosis symptom was found on young leaves of peanut cultivar Yuanza 9102 in the second crop time of pot experiment, LS-Fe applied to soil increased the contents of chlorophyll and active Fe in leaves and could correct the leaf chlorosis. The LS-Fe application had a similar effect in alleviating chlorosis to FeSO4 and EDTA-Fe. The chlorophyll content and the active Fe content of new leaves, and photosynthesis were increased by LS-Fe application. LS-Fe appeared similar effectiveness of controlling Fe chlorosis in peanut plants to FeSO4 and EDTA-Fe. LS obtained from ammonium sulfite pulping process showed a complexing capacity with Fe ion and LS-Fe product of optimum efficacy was synthetized successfully through this study. Iron nutrition of peanut was improved by LS-Fe applied to soil or foliar sprays.

Evaluation and Analysis on Wild Germplasm Resources of Pennisetum alopecuroides

WANG Li-hong, LI Hui-bin, SUN Xin-bo, BIAN Xiu-ju

2016, 18(3):  134-140.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.722

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In order to strengthen the utilization and studies on Pennisetum alopecuroides germplasm resources, this paper took 65 Pennisetum alopecuroides germplasm resources as material, assessed and analyzed their 7 major traits. The results showed that the number of inflorescence was significantly different among test germplasm resources. The effect was in the order of crown width＞leaf length＞plant height after heading＞inflorescence length＞plant height before heading＞leaf width. According to the genetic differences of each traits, the 65 germplasm resources could be devided into 3 categories by cluster analysis. 8 superior individual plants were selected from the second and third groups. The superior individual plants showed major traits as compact plant type, more inflorescences per plant, and excellent resistance to stress. All these traits were important utilization value in breeding of ornamental fountain grass.

Effects of Different Cropping Patterns on Soil Enzyme, Flue-cured Tobacco Growth and Aroma Substances Content of Tobacco Leaf

JIA Jian1, ZHU Jin-feng2, DU Xiu-zhi3, WANG Meng-meng1, XU Zi-cheng1*

2016, 18(3):  141-149.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.499

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In China the phenomenon of continuous flue-cured tobacco cropping is serious, which will affect the soil health condition, and reduce the quality of tobacco leaves. In order to find rational planting pattern for flue-cured tobacco, this paper studied the effects of 3 different cropping patterns: continuous cropping, rotational cropping and intercropping on the major agronomic targets, soil enzyme activity and aroma substances content of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that with continuous cropping, tobacco had relatively short plant height, the acid phosphatase activity was higher, but the other soil enzyme activities were lower, and the aroma quality is poorer. Compared with continuous cropping, the intercropping and rotational one were favorable for tobacco leaf growth, could enhance and balance the soil enzyme activity, and improve the aroma quality of tobacco leaves. Under the same experimental conditions, sweet potato and hot pepper can serve as appropriate intercropping or rotational cropping crops for flue-cured tobacco.

Effects of Biochar on the Nutrients of Planting Tobacco Soil

LIU Hui1, ZHOU Qing-ming1, LI Juan1*, ZHANG Li-ming2, ZHANG Ming-fa2,

2016, 18(3):  150-155.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.759

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In order to explore the effects of biochar as soil conditioner on the nutrients of tobacco planting soil, Yunyan 87, a main cultivated variety in Hu'nan Province was used as experimental material to study the effects of different biochar application amounts (CK: 0 kg/hm2；T1:3 000 kg/hm2; T2: 3 750 kg/hm2; T3：4 500 kg/hm2） on soil nutrients in a field experiment. The results showed that biochar application could significantly improve the contents of soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available potassium, and all of them showed an tendency of first increase and then decrease along with the increase of biochar application amount. From the view point of improving soil fertility, the best biochar application amount was the level of 3 750 kg/hm2.

Research Progress on Diseases|Pests and Weeds Resistance Mechanism of Crop Community Cultivation System

YANG Tian-xiao, WANG Yong-yan, CUI Dang-qun, WANG Tong-chao*

2016, 18(3):  156-163.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.551

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In the process of crop growth, some diseases, pests and weeds can affect crop plant growth and development, thus crop yield decreases. In order to improve the efficiency of resource utilization, reduce environmental pollution and make crop yield stable and sustainable, it would be helpful to apply diversified crop planting patterns, i.e. changing from planting single kind of crop in an area to a variety of crops planted together, which produces a better crop community cultivation system, thus enhances the resistant ability. This study illustrated the progress about the mechanism of resistance of crop community cultivation system mainly in six effects, respectively, pointed out the deficiency of the present study, and looked forward to the future research direction.

Study and Prospect on Forage Fermentation Quality

XU Liu-xing1,2, XIONG Kang-ning1,2*, GUO Wen1,2, LIU Kai-xuan1,2, YANG Su-mao1,2

2016, 18(3):  164-170.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.497

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To promote the expanded unilization of forage silage in actual production, this paper analyzed forage silage theory, expounded conditions for making excellent silage, treatment for processing forage grass silage, nutrient loss in the process of silage, second time fermentation and other problems encountered during the process of silage, etc. The paper refined these contents and thoroughly analyzed them from theoretical research perspective. Finally, the paper pointed out the starting point for future silage research expansion was to enhance the research strength on silage additives, and save costs, so as to provide good conditions for the development of grassland animal husbandry.

Research Focus and Prospect for Application of Biogas Residue to Agricultural Land

YANG Li-ping, WANG Yu-jun, BAI You-lu, FAN Fen-liang, WANG Lei,

2016, 18(3):  171-176.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.569

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Anaerobic digestion is an optimal way to treat organic waste matter, resulting in biogas and residue. Application of biogas residue to agricultural land has an important significance for saving energy and cycling of nutrient resources. The characteristic of biogas residue was discussed from such aspect as effects of biogas residue on soil microbiology and quality, effects of biogas residue on yield, effects on quality and nutrient uptake of crops, post-treatment of biogas residue and its application, and monitoring the application of biogas residue to arable land etc.. Biogas residue could enhance crop yield as fertilizer and improve soil fertility as a soil amendment. It is important for farmers to replace techniques such as simple land spreading and band spreading with shallow injection to minimize NH4-N loss and optimize benefits of the digested residue. To further reduce the risk of N leakage, biogas residue could be further processed and stabilized in compost. Molecular biology method is helpful for analyzing the complecated characteristics of soil microorganism, and this method should be further exploited and utilized in early monitoring of soil quality after applying biogas residue.

The Impact of Seawater Acidification on Early Development of the Sea Urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus

HU Wan-bin, LI Jia-xiang, DUAN Li-zhu, LIU Min-bo, CHANG Ya-qing,

2016, 18(3):  177-183.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.721

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In order to study the impact of seawater acidification on early development of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, this paper took 2 methods of CO2-induced and HCl-induced to simulate seawater acidification. According to IPCC prediction, the experiment designed one nature seawater group (Control, nature seawater pH), 3 CO2 treatment groups (OA1-CO2, OA2-CO2 and OA3-CO2, ΔpH=-0.3, -0.4, -0.5 units, respectively), and 3 HCl treatment groups (OA1-HCl,OA2-HCl and OA3-HCl, ΔpH=-0.3,-0.4,-0.5 units, respectively). Results showed that: ① these 2 methods had no significant effect on fertilization rate (P>0.05). ② Compared with nature seawater group, the embryo swimming percentage of H. pulcherrimus in all groups were decreased, but that in OA1-CO2 and OA1-HCl treatment groups were decreased remarkably (P<0.05), while that in other treatment groups (OA2-CO2, OA3-CO2, OA2-HCl and OA3-HCl treatment groups) were decreased (P<0.01). ③ Meanwhile, CO2-induced and HCl- induced seawater acidification also affected four-arm pluteus survival rate of H. pulcherrimus. The larval survival rate in majority of treatment groups (except the OA1-HCl treatment group) was remarkably decreased (P<0.01). Compared to that of nature seawater group, the larval survival rate of OA1-HCl treatment group was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The survival rates of other groups were also remarkably reduced (P<0.01). ④ Under CO2-induced seawater acidification conditions, we found that symmetry structure of four-arm pluteus was lost with the increasing of seawater pH, while there was no significant structure change of four-arm pluteus reared in HCl treatment groups. All results demonstrated that in the near future seawater acidification has an important effect on early development of sea urchin H. pulcherrimus, especially the seawater acidification induced by CO2.

Establishment of Specific Immunoprecipitation System using Magnetic Beads and Protein Tags

WEN Li-wei, WU Zhi-mei, ZHU Hong-liang*

2016, 18(3):  184-189.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.507

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In order to establish specific immunoprecipitation of few proteins in plant, GUS was used as a reporter gene which was marked with Flag and Myc tag on its N-terminal, and was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves via Agrobacterium-mediated method. Western blot analysis suggested the tagged GUS protein accumulated on a large scale in infiltrated tobacco leaves, which was helpful for specific purification of GUS protein. With anti- Flag M2 magnetic beads and anti-c-Myc agarose affinity gel as solid phase carrier, GUS protein was significantly enriched and purified after two-step immunoprecipitation. Western blot analysis indicated that enrichment efficiency of each step of our immunoprecipition was high. The results suggested the specific immunoprecipitation system could largely enrich the amount of tagged GUS protein. Moreover, GUS proteins were pure in final elution. This specific immunoprecipitation system with magnetic beads and protein tags would shed new lights on enrichment and purification of protein complexes of interest.

Seedlings Cultivation of Dendrobium offiicinale using Temporary Immersion Bioreactors

HU Yan-hua1, ZHANG Ben-hou1*, JIA Ming-liang2, CHEN Ji-shuang1,3*

2016, 18(3):  190-194.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.022

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At present, Dendrobium officinale seedlings are mainly produced by plant tissue culture. Solid culture method is characterized by high production costs and low multiplication rates, which is unable to satisfy the increasing market demands. Temporary immersion bioreactors（TIB）can reduce labor and costs of production. This study compared the multiplication rates, plant height, diameter of stem, root system growth and survival rates after transplantation of D. officinale plantlets cultured in self-developed TIB and solid medium. The multiplication rates and quality of plantlets produced in TIB were significantly higher than those produced in solid medium. Plantlets produced in TIB with moderate root size were suitable for cultivation, and their survival rates after transplantation were significantly higher than those produced in solid medium. These results showed that TIB provided a new protocol for production of D. officinale seedlings.

Estimation of International Market Pricing Power and Countermeasure Research on China's Corn Import

YANG Yan-tao, QIN Fu*

2016, 18(3):  195-200.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.728

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Based on related research, this paper estimated the international market pricing power of China's corn import by the quantitative method. Firstly, this paper analyzed residual elasticity of supply that based on the buyers' perspective and residual elasticity of demand that based on the sellers' perspective by the mathematical method; then established pricing power measurement models both on the buyers' and the sellers' perspective and estimated the models. The estimation of the international market pricing power on China's corn imports were compared from both buyers' and sellers' perspective. Secondly, it analyzed the reasons why China's corn import was lack of the international market pricing power. Finally, it put forward the countermeasures and suggestions from five aspects as increasing the domestic supply of corn, improving the mechanism of corn import, strengthening the construction of domestic corn futures market, improving the domestic corn industrial concentration and setting up the global agricultural strategic concept.

Changes Analysis of Sweet Potato Production and Consumption Structure in China

DAI Qi-wei1, NIU Fu-xiang2,3, SUN Jian2,3, CAO Jing1

2016, 18(3):  201-209.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2015.544

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With sweet potato industrialization process accelerated in China, sweet potato is playing important roles in increasing farmers′ income, providing healthy food for people and raw material for industry. This paper expounded the dynamic changing history in sweet potato planting area, total output, per unit area yield and its characteristics in recent 50 years, objectively analyzed the changing characteristics of sweet potato comsumption structure and the development tendency. Fully understanding sweet potato industry in China and the changes in its consumption structure would have important significance for guiding and promoting sweet potatoing scientific and sustainable development.

Design and Realization of Scientific Data Integration System of Apple Industry in China

CHEN Ya-dong1,2, MENG Xian-xue1*, ZHAO Rui-xue1*, KOU Yuan-tao1,

2016, 18(3):  210-215.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.127

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In the information age, the repository of apple industry plays an important role in the development of science and technology. In order to achieve the full use of resources, data integration is necessary. Based on the existing apple data resources in our country, including databse, data platform, website, instituions and paper document, a database was established including 9 parts: production database, germplasm resources database, breeding database, cultivation database, postharvest and processing database, industrial economic database, basic database, descriptor database.Through knowledge extraction, indexing, and associated construction, data processing and integration from higher level was realized. Thus, a new knowledge base was formed and could output knowledge products to provide relevant service for data integration. Based on architectural design, local test was performed and specific case presentation proved and realized the analysis of apple industry data resources distribution, integration of relevant search terms and high frequency words. The research words retrieval achieved integration of both data and knowledge, showed the linkage between knowledge, and excavated the multidimensional knowledge correlation between data. The frame design of scientific data integration could fuse the data of multipul sources and multi types of apple industry in China and break through the correlation between the data. After integration, these data could provide knowledge service at a higher level and reduce the cost for acquiring these data.