Abstract: Composting process is a dynamic process, and realized  the function of a variety of different microbial comunities. Studying microbial processes is helpful for understanding the compost, and manage the composting process more effectively. This paper reviewed the microbial mechanism and change, studying method for compost microbial, effects of microbial inoculum on composting, etc., so as to provide technical support for aerobic composting. The paper also pointed out that the composting process mainly included bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and other microorganism; microbial changes directly affected the composting temperature, pH, humic acid content and other physical and chemical properties; adding microbial agents could reduce the loss of N, P, K and improve the compost quality;  adopting multiple methods combination to study compost microorganism could avoid the defects of a single method.

Key words: compost microorganism, compost mechanism, research method, selecting microbial agent

摘要： 堆肥化是一个动态过程，在多种不同微生物群体的作用下实现，对该过程微生物进行研究可以更好地了解堆肥，有效地管理堆肥过程。综述了好氧堆肥过程中微生物机理及变化、堆肥微生物的研究方法、菌剂对堆肥的影响等，为好氧堆肥提供技术支撑；并且指出堆肥化过程中主要包含细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物，微生物的改变直接影响堆肥温度、pH、腐殖酸含量等理化性质；通过添加微生物菌剂可以减少N、P、K的流失，提高堆肥品质；对于堆肥微生物的研究，多种方法联合使用可以避免单一方法的缺陷。

关键词: 堆肥微生物, 堆肥机理, 研究方法, 微生物菌剂选育