Table of Content

15 March 2017, Volume 19 Issue 3

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Research Progress on Microbial Aerobic Composting

ZHANG Haibin1,2, MENG Haibo1, SHEN Yujun1, ZHAO Lixin1*

2017, 19(3):  1-8.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.477

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Composting process is a dynamic process, and realized  the function of a variety of different microbial comunities. Studying microbial processes is helpful for understanding the compost, and manage the composting process more effectively. This paper reviewed the microbial mechanism and change, studying method for compost microbial, effects of microbial inoculum on composting, etc., so as to provide technical support for aerobic composting. The paper also pointed out that the composting process mainly included bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and other microorganism; microbial changes directly affected the composting temperature, pH, humic acid content and other physical and chemical properties; adding microbial agents could reduce the loss of N, P, K and improve the compost quality;  adopting multiple methods combination to study compost microorganism could avoid the defects of a single method.


Impact of OsUreD Mutation on Rice Growth Phenotype and Nitrogen Nutritional Physiology

QIN Miaojing1§, YANG Yang2§, CAO Fengqiu3, YANG Chao4, LI Changjun4,

2017, 19(3):  9-16.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.598

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The existence of urease activity in plant cells makes  hydrolize urea into ammonium that can be directly used by the plant. It has been reported that the activity of rice urease needs both the activation by nikel ion and co-ordination of three anncessory proteins i.e. UreD, UreG and UreF. In this work, the agronomic traits, nitrogen nutritional physiology and related enzymes’ activity were investigated in a rice Osured mutant, where Osured was deleted by a T-DNA insertion. This research revaled that during the seed germination of 1~7 d, the urease activity in the mutant remained relatively stable and 60%~80% lower than that of in wildtype (WT), but the activity of arginase increased by 30%~40% as compared to the WT. At the seeding- and tillering-stage, the mutant line exhibited an obvious growth inhibition with being small in size, e.g. lower plant-height and root length, reduction in tiller numbers,and reduced urease activity by 60%~90%. These results suggested that OsUreD encoding protein should be critical for rice urease activation. Nitrogen metabolic disorder associeted with alteration of the activity of urease and arginase in the Osured mutation might be an important molecular physiological factor responsible for the supression of rice growth and tillering.


Effect of Sulfur and Selenium Combination on Uptake and Key Metabolism Enzyme Activity of Sulfur and Selenium in Flue-cured Tobacco

MA Yiqiong1, JIA Guotao1, ZHANG Song1, YAO Qian1, HAO Haohao2, XU Zicheng1*

2017, 19(3):  17-25.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.386

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Selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) are two important nutrients for flue-cured tobacco. Rational combined of Se and S has an important role in improving quality of flue-cured tobacco. This paper seeked proper combination of Se and S to provide basis for field fertilization. Taking flue-cured tobacco ‘Yuyan 10’ as material, this paper studied  the effect of different combination of Se and S concentration on Se and S uptake accumulation of tobacco plant and related metabolism enzymes by pot experiment. The results showed that ① Se content and accumulation in tobacco plant increased with Se applying level increase. While increase S level could restrain S uptake and accumulation in tobacco plant. ② Se application promoted S accumulation. At low S level, S content of tobacco leaf was increased by low concentration of Se, and high concentration of Se had no considerably effect on the S content of tobacco leaf. At high S level, Se application was helpful for increasing S content of tobacco leaf. ③ Under same Se application level, compared with low S level, APR activity of tobacco leaf at early stage was depressed under high S level, SAT activity increased and enzyme activity decreased, and SMT activity declined slightly at late stage. Under the same S application level, Se application treatment was helpful to increase SAT and SMT activity of tobacco leaf, but had no influence on APR activity. Generally, S1Se2 treatment was optimum, because higher Se content and lower S content was good for tobacco leaf.

Effect of IAA on the Rooting of Parthenocissus Thomsoni Cuttings

XU Changgui, ZHANG Chongye, JIN Ziyu, CHE Daidi*

2017, 19(3):  26-30.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.473

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To investigate the effect of different concentrations and times on the rooting capacity of Parthenocissus thomsoni cuttings, they were treated by 100 mol/L, 300 mol/L, 500 mol/L IAA for 1 h or 2 h for measuring the rooting percentage of callus and cortex, the increment of root growth, the length of root, the amount of roots and survival rate of cutting. The results showed that the rooting rates of cutting treated by different concentration IAA for different time were higher than the control group, and  P. thomsoni cuttings treated by  300 mol/L IAA for 1 h was the best treatment. In this condition, the survival rate of cutting was the highest and plant growth was the best. These results were available for reference as rooting of P. Thomsoni treated by indoleacetic acid.


Protoplast Fusion of Biocontrol Streptomyces ML27 and Endophytic Actinomycetes P3Y2 from Citrus

WU Simeng, LIU Bing*, JIANG Junxi, LIU Ying, ZHOU Zhen

2017, 19(3):  31-36.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.455

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In order to integrate the excellent characteristics of biocontrol streptomyces strain ML27 and endophytic actinomycetes strain P3Y2 from citrus, the protoplast fusion between strain ML27 and P3Y2 were studied in this paper. The results showed that protoplasts with sufficient number and strong regeneration ability were obtained when ML27 and P3Y2 were cultured separately in culture medium containing 20% and 10% sucrose as well as 1.5% and 1.0% glycin, and sensitive mycelia were treated with 5 mg/mL lysozyme for 90 min and 120 min separately. The protoplasts were inactivated in 60℃ water for 10 min for ML27 and 15 min for P3Y2, or under 20W ultraviolet lamp for 7 min and 5 min.Based on the above, the protoplast fusion between P3Y2 and ML27 was executed, and one fused strain ML45 was screened preliminarily according to the cultural characteristics and the inhibition effect and the colonization ability. The experimental results were able to lay a foundation for the reform and full utilization of strain P3Y2 and ML27 with the ability of controlling the citrus diseases.


Knowledge Mapping of Research on International Farmland Protection During 1964-2015

ZHANG Yaqi1, ZHENG Rongbao1*, FU Yanhua2, LAO Chunhua1, HUANG Ting1

2017, 19(3):  37-49.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.345

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In order to grasp the research trends and changing law of global farmland protection, bibliometrical method, visualization software —— Citespace and its auxiliary software are used in this paper. The literature from CNKI and Web of Science about farmland protection was analyzed from the aspects of paper quantity, literature source, author distribution and citation condition to determine the theme and hot topic of farmland protection studies at home and abroad, including ecological security and biodiversity, etc.. Results indicated that there were remarkable differences in paper quantity for farmland protection at home and abroad. Its changing features were affected obviously by policy environment and social cognition. In terms of literature quality, the impact factors and H index of Chinese literature of farmland protection were lower than that of the abroad ones, so the Chinese literature quality was relatively poorer and further improvement was necessary. In terms of author distribution, it was mainly concentrated in Europe, Asia(China) and North America. In terms of literature contents, farmland ecological protection was the global research hot topic. In terms of research direction, from global vision farmland protection involved broad area. Compared to western developed countries, Chinese research orientation combined natural science with social science.

Simulation of Farmland Environmental Monitoring Based on 3D GIS and System Implementation

LU Jian1,CHEN Guifen1*, MENG Ying1, CHEN Hang2

2017, 19(3):  50-55.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.451

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With the gradual maturity of 3D GIS technology, 3D GIS applications in agriculture has become a hot topic in the field of agricultural information technology. To satisfy the needs of accurate agriculture development, this paper took the National Spark Program demonstration area-Kaian Town in Jilin Province Nongan County as experimental site, and carried out simulative studies on farmland environment of accurate corn operation area by SketchUp and ArcGIS technology. And the soil temperature and humidity of 4 underground levels of farmland (0~20 cm，20~40 cm，40~60 cm，60~80 cm) were dynamicly monitored. A farmland environment simulative monitoring system was developed based on 3D GIS accurate corn operation area, and a visualization of 3D virtual scene in this area was realized. Results showed that this study had laid a foundation for the dynamic monitoring of soil moisture and implementation of accurate corn operation of this area.

Virtual Plant Dynamic Simulation Method By Position Based Dynamics

XIAO Boxiang1,2, GUO Xinyu1,2*, WU Sheng1,2

2017, 19(3):  56-62.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.399

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Realistic plant dynamic simulation is one of the difficult problems in modern agriculture and botany science. It is also a hot spot in computer science application and virtual reality technology research area. Construction of realistic dynamic model based on plant physical properties and application of dynamic virtual simulation algorithm based on physical process is an effective way to improve reality results. Position-based dynamics is a new method simulating effective modeling method for object kinematics and dynamic process with high efficiency, including dynamic physical process of rigid and flexible targets. This paper constructed a plant dynamic virtual simulation model based on position-dynamics and introduce distance and angle constraint condition by taking maize as an example, so as to realize the dynamic virtual simulation of maize major organ, plant and colony under natural condition and obtain the maize 3-dimensional visual simulation result. This simulation process had higher implementation efficiency comparing to the traditional mass-spring-based models. The presented method provided new references for studying plant dynamic virtual simulation method.

Optimal Allocation Technology for Legume-Gramineae Intercropping System and Perspectives in Gansu Province

CHEN Guangrong1,2, WANG Liming1, YANG Ruping1, YANG Guifang3, ZHANG Guohong1, YANG Wenyu2

2017, 19(3):  63-71.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.430

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Legume-gramineae intercropping system, as a model of sustainable agricultural development, plays an important role in ensuring grain yield and maintaining nitrogen balance. This paper reviewed the effects of legume-gramineae intercropping on the legume nitrogen fixation, crop nitrogen uptake, and soil nitrogen balance. Rational legume-gramineae intercropping could promote the legume biological nitrogen fixation, improve crops of legume-gramineae intercropping system nutrient use efficiency, reduce soil nitrogen loss, and benefit the protection of cropland ecological environment and the maintenance of agricultural sustainable development. Then, high yield and high efficient cultivation models and technique measures specially suitable for different ecological agricultural divisions in Gansu province were summarized. Finally, the paper identified some important future directions of intercropping research and practical uses, and it would be useful to further develop suitable machinery for the legume-gramineae intercropping system, which would meet needs of agricultural development in new stage and simultaneously increase of farmers’ income. It also played an important role in the establishment of modern high yield and high-efficient technique and cultivation crop system.


Comparison of 16 Agronomic Characters of Different Insect Species in Poplar Stand Replanting

ZHAO Yingming1,2,3, GAO Junliang1,2,3, YANG Wenbin2*, HUANG Yaru1,3, MA Yingbin1,3,

2017, 19(3):  72-81.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.468

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In order to offer new varieties of poplar for arid, semi-arid region afforestation and the “three north areas” shelter belt repairing, 16 varieties of insect-resistant poplar comparison test were arranged in the Ulan Buh Desert Oasis in 2014 April. Based on survey results  of  16 species′ poplar, saving rate, sprouting rate, diameter, height, the new branch length and other factors, single factor analysis, intersection, cluster analysis, comprehensive scoring method were used in  this paper,and eventually selected 7 ecological adaptability and fast-growth poplar species that were relatively good, and give specific sequencing and score, 08-09（59.30）<08-01（61.28）<08-14（61.48）<Jing2（62.06）<16-8（68.52）<16-28（72.68）<16-27（73.09）.

Effects of Ocean Soil Conditioner on Soil  Physicochemical Properties and Flue-cured Tobacco Growth and Yield

SUN Yanguo1, YAN Huifeng1, SHI Yi1, MA Xinghua1*, XU Jialai2, HU Xihao3

2017, 19(3):  82-89.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.361

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In order to study the effects of ocean soil conditioner, this paper carried out field comparative experiments to study the effects of 3 ocean soil conditioners: shrimp peptide, fish protein and algae fertilizers on soil physicochemical properties, flue-cured tobacco growth and yield. The results showed that applying shrimp peptide fertilizer 55 d after transplanting could effectively improve soil hydrolysis nitrogen and available potassium contents, but had no significant effect on growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco; applying fish protein fertilizer could effectively improved the hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium level at  55 d, and also significantly increased the root system activity, maximum length of middle leaves and dry matter accumulation. Its yield and value of cured leaves were increased by 27.79% and 29.84%, respectively， as compared with the control treatment; applying algae fertilizer could significantly reduced the soil bulk density at  75 d, and effectively improved the hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium level at 55 d, and also obviously increased the maximum length of middle leaves and dry matter accumulation. Its yield and value of cured leaves were increased by 11.75% and 20.05%, respectively，  compared with the control treatment. In summary, applying fish protein fertilizer and algae fertilizer could improve the soil fertility at certain degree, effectively promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco, and significantly increase tobacco leaf yield.

Effects of Light Intensity on Senescence Physiological Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco at Mature Stage

ZHAO Zhe1, ZHAO Dongjie1, ZHANG Rui2, MAO Yabo1, NIU Lulu1, ZHOU Guowang2, ZHANG Zhigao2, LI Yan1, ZHAO Mingqin1*

2017, 19(3):  90-97.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.241

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In order to study the effect of light intensity on the physiological characteristics of flue cured tobacco and effect of its regulation on the senescence of flue-cured tobacco, this paper carried out experiments by taking flue-cured tobacco Yunyan 87 as material and setting 5 intensity gradient: 100% (T1), 85% (T2), 76% (T3), 68% (T4) and 58% (T5) natural lights, and investigated the effect of light intensity on photosynthetic pigment, soluble protein and MDA content and changes in SOD, pod, cat antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll a and b increased with the decreased of light intensity, the contents of class carrot element and Chla/b decreased with the light intensity decreasing; while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) decreased with the decreasing of light intensity, and the content of MDA in T2 treatment was the lowest in mature stage; soluble protein content in the early stage in T2 was the highest. The other treatments decreased with the light intensity decreasing, in the latter stage T5 was the highest. Under full light the antioxidase activity was relatively lower as a whole, but under moderate light (T2 and T3) it was higher. Its activity decreased with light intensity reduction. It indicated that in southern tobacco growing areas such as Fuzhou, 76%~85% light intensity is suitable for the flue-cured tobacco In maturing stage, and the suitable light intensity for flue-cured tobacco in late maturing stage was even lower.

Effects of Biocharon Acidify and Exchangeable Capacity of the Granite-derived Ferralsol in Rubber Plantation#br#

WU Min, WEI Jiashao*, SUN Haidong, HE Peng, WU Bingsun,GAO Le

2017, 19(3):  98-107.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.421

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In order to improve acid soil by rationally using tropical agriculture wastes, this experiment  added 15 g/kg and 45 g/kg biochars of coconut shell (CSC), cane trash(CTC), rubber wood(RWC), banana stem(BPC) to soil in rubber plantation to study their effects on soil acidity and exchange performance. The results indicated that 4 biochars under 2 additive amounts could remarkably increase soil pH  compared to the control, excluding the treatments of adding 15 g/kg CTC for 9 d, 30~60 d and 45 g/kg CTC for 45 d. The order of pH increasing effect BPC>RWC>CSC>CTC. There were remarkable difference in soil pH increasing effects among different biochar treatments. The contents of exchangeable acidity and aluminium were significantly decreased in all treatments, except adding 15 g/kg CTC treatment, while soil exchangeable hydrogen was significantly lower than that of the control only when adding 45 g/kg CTC and 15 g/kg, 45 g/kg BPC. Besides, BPC, CSC and CTC significantly increased soil CEC and BSP, but RWC only improved soil BSP. The above results indicated that biochars of BPC, RWC, CSC and CTC produced by tropical agriculture wastes, could increase the soil pH in rubber plantation, decrease the contents of exchangeable acidity and aluminium, so as to improve soil acidity condition of rubber plantation. The above  biochars could also increase soil CEC and BSP. Therefore, BPC, RWC, CSC and CTC produced by tropical agriculture wastes could be used to improve acid soil of tropical rubber plantation, but there were differences in soil improvement effects by different kinds of biochar and with different dosages.

Research Progress on Pesticide Solid Nanodispersion and Its Preparation Methods

WANG Chunxin, CUI Bo, ZENG Zhanghua, WANG Yan, SUN Changjiao, ZHAO Xiang, FENG Lei, LIU Guoqiang, CUI Haixin*

2017, 19(3):  108-114.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.325

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Pesticide solid nanodispersion is a novel formulation proposed by the combination of nanotechnology and preparation technology of solid dispersion, which is a solidified nanoformulation with pesticide compound in the form of particles and microcrystallines dispersed in a solid hydrophilic matrix. This formulation can avoid the use of any organic solvent and substantially reduce the surfactant content, overcome poor stability bottleneck of the water-based nanoformulations. In addition, the formulation can improve the dispersibility, adhesion and permeability of poorly water-soluble pesticide, and further enhance the bioavailability so to reduce pesticides dosage and residual contamination. This article summarized the preparation methods of solid nanodispersions and their applications in the field of pesticide and medicine. Based on the low efficacy and high residue of pesticide, application of the solid nanodispersion as a new type of pesticide formulation is crucial and has important realistic significance.

Research Progress on Tobacco Planting Soil Restoration in China

NIU Guiyan1, SHAO Huifang1*, ZHU Jinfeng2, HUANG Wuxing1, XU Zicheng1, GUO Li3

2017, 19(3):  115-122.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.332

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Soil is one of the important ecological factors for plant growth. Soil quality has a direct influence on the growth and development of tobacco. Due to the unreasonably using of land, a series of prolems appeared in tobacco soil, some achievements have been made on the research of tobacco soil remediation in recent years. This paper introduced the green manure，biological activated carbon, reusing of crop straws, microbial fertilizer and other improvement measures to tobacco soil repair status, and mainly analyzed from the soil physical and chemical properties, soil nutrients, soil microbial diversity and enzyme activities. Combining with the improvement of tobacco soil conditions in recent years, this paper analyzed  the existing problems, and put forward some suggestions for future research, for example, reseach depth of soil improvement materials and application of modern biotechnology, hoping to provide research approaches for the remediation of tobacco soil in the next step.

Quantatative Expresion Analysis of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene in Different Tissues of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus under Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation

WANG Liqiang, TIAN Yi*, ZHANG Yupeng, MA Zengyan, GENG Chenfan, CHANG Yaqing

2017, 19(3):  123-130.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.277

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The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus has become an important aquaculture species because of its high economic and medicinal value. Antioxidant enzymes play important roles in antioxidant responses caused by metabolic process or pathogen invasion. To better understand how A. japonicus copes with LPS challenge, the MnSOD mRNA expression was demonstrated in multiple tissues of sea cucumber under normal condition and LPS challenge. The MnSOD gene expression in different tissues indicated that high expression was observed in intestines, followed by muscle and tube foot in sea cucumber. Relatively high expression was found in body wall and coelomocytes. Low expression was shown in tentacle and respiratory tree. In this study, induction of MnSOD in A. japonicus, as measured by mRNA level, was affected by duration of LPS challenge. The MnSOD gene was over-expressed in other 4 parts except for intestines, when specimens were exposed to LPS challenge. However, the MnSOD mRNA expression levels in the coelomocytes and body wall peaked at 12 h after exposure to LPS, whereas the peak in muscle and tube foot appeared at 48 h. The value of MnSOD mRNA expression levels at 12 h in the coelomocytes was 4115-fold higher than that in the control treatment. In contrast, the MnSOD gene showed a reduced expression for LPS treated sea cucumbers during 48 h in intestines. The level of MnSOD expression showed a certain disciplinary fluctuation. The data suggested that a strong antioxidant reaction when the sea cucumber was challenged by LPS, which might be related to protection of sea cucumber against microbial infection.

Optimization of Extraction Process for Crude Polysaccharide from Hericium Erinaceus by Response Surface Methodology

CHEN Xinyao, DONG Xing, CHEN Jingjie, QIN Tao, LI Jian*, HUANG Yifan*

2017, 19(3):  131-136.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.622

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Applying Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology, this study optimized the extraction conditions for crude polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus investigation. The extraction time, ratio of water to raw material and extraction temperature were selected as the key investigation factors. Box-Behnken design took the extraction rate as the response value. Design Expert software 7.0 was used to establish quadratic multinomial models fitting for experimental data. Contour overlay plot and response surface were delineated for the comparison of  interactions of each key factor. And then the optimal formulation was screened out and validated. The result showed that the optimal extraction parameters were as follows: extraction time 3.8 h, ratio of water to raw material 25 mL/g, extraction temperature 81℃. The results of validation test showed that the extraction rate was 3.09%,  basically met with the forecast value. Research results showed the model established by the response surface methodology had good predictability, and could rationally optimize the extracting technology for crude polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus.