Abstract: In order to explore the effect of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on peanut, pot experiment was carried out, in which the main local cultivars were selected in Huang-huai-hai region in Northern Region and red soil upland region in Southern Region. Peanut cultivar ‘Huayu 25’ was selected as the material in Northern Region, and 6 treatments were set up, including 0 kg·hm^-2 N（T0）, 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N（T1）, 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N+ 450 kg·hm^-2 CaO (T2), 450 kg·hm^-2 CaO (T3), 67.5 kg·hm^-2 N + 450 kg·hm^-2 CaO as base fertilizer+ 45 kg·hm^-2 N at anthesis stage (T4), 67.5 kg·hm^-2 N as base fertilizer + 45 kg·hm^-2 N + 450 kg·hm^-2 CaO at anthesis stage (T5). In Southern Region, Peanut cultivar ‘Xianghua 2008’ was selected as research material, and 4 treatments were set up, including 0 kg·hm^-2 N (S0), 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N (S1), 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N+568 kg·hm^-2 CaO (S2), 112.5 kg·hm^-2 N (S3), 112.5 kg·hm^-2 N+568 kg·hm^-2 CaO(S4). The effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation, leaf SPAD value, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity, root nodules and yield components of peanut were investigated. The results showed that T4 treatment significantly increased the number and fresh weight of nodules at pod setting stage, increased chlorophyll relative content and dry matter accumulation at late growth stage, promoted the activities of carbon and nitrogen enzymes in leaves, and increased the peanut yield by 4.5%, compared to T1 treatment. Compared with T1 treatment, T2 treatment significantly promoted dry matter accumulation and increased peanut yield by 10.8%. The yield of T4 treatment was increased by 22.8% than T5 treatment. Meanwhile, total dry matter accumulation per plant and yield of S2 treatment were increased by 15.6% and 29.8% than those of S1 treatment, respectively. Compared with S1 treatment, the yield of S4 was increased by 27.7%. It was suggested that the effect of calcium fertilizer on yield increasing was more obvious than that of nitrogen fertilizer reduction, and the effect of calcium fertilizer as base fertilizer was better. Therefore,  calcium fertilizer was an effective measure for increasing peanut yield in peanut producing areas of Huang-huai-hai in Northern China and upland red soil in Southern China. It could be used as an important cultivation method to ensure peanut production stability accompanying the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application.

Key words: peanut, nitrogen fertilizer reduction, increase calcium fertilizer, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes, yield

摘要： 为探讨减施氮肥对花生的影响，采用盆栽试验，在北方黄淮海和南方红壤旱地产区选用当地主要栽培品种，北方选用 ‘花育25号’为材料，设置施N 0 kg·hm^-2（T0）、施N 157.5 kg·hm^-2（T1）、施N 157.5 kg·hm^-2+CaO 450 kg·hm^-2（T2）、施CaO 450 kg·hm^-2（T3）、施N 67.5 kg·hm^-2+CaO 450 kg·hm^-2作为基肥+花针期追施N45 kg·hm^-2（T4）、施N 67.5 kg·hm^-2作为基肥+花针期追施N45 kg·hm^-2+CaO 450 kg·hm^-2（T5）共6个处理；南方选用‘湘花2008’为材料，设置施N 0 kg·hm^-2（S0）、施N157.5 kg·hm^-2（S1）、施N 157.5 kg·hm^-2+ CaO 568 kg·hm^-2（S2）、施N 112.5 kg·hm^-2（S3）、施N 112.5 kg·hm^-2+CaO 568 kg·hm^-2（S4）共5个处理，研究了减氮增钙及氮、钙肥施用时期对花生干物质积累量、叶片SPAD值、碳氮代谢酶活性，根瘤和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明，与传统施肥（T1）相比，减氮增钙（T4）处理明显提高结荚期根瘤数量和鲜重，提高生育后期的叶绿素相对含量、干物质积累量，促进叶片中的碳、氮酶活性提高，产量提高4.5%。与T1处理相比，T2处理显著促进干物质积累、产量提高10.8%；基施钙肥处理（T4）与花针期追施钙肥处理（T5）相比，产量提高228%。同时，与S1相比，S2处理的单株总干物质积累量和产量分别提高15.6%和29.8%。与S1相比，氮肥减施+基施钙肥处理（S4）的产量提高27.7%。表明氮肥减施后钙肥的增产效果更明显，且作为基肥效果更好。因此，无论是北方黄淮海花生生产区、还是南方红壤旱地花生产区，增施钙肥是花生产量提高的有效措施，可作为氮肥减施后保障花生稳产的重要栽培方法。

关键词: 花生, 减氮, 增钙, 碳氮代谢酶, 产量