Abstract: Plant seeds are one of the most important organ for  plant propagation, so it directly affects the plants development and the yield and quality of grain. The genetic and molecular mechanisms for the regulation of seed development are complicated and sophisticated, A large number of genes and influence factors genes regulate seed development have been identified. However, the interaction between these genes, how different regulatory pathways form networks to synergistically regulate seed development, and which new genes are involved,  still  need to further study. By sorting out the genes, regulators and regulation patterns involved in seed development, this paper discussed how to use allelic mutation needed by human to improve crop yield and quality, so as to provide theoretical support for plant seed development and genetic improvement of grain yield and quality.

Key words: plant seed development, regulation mechanism, progress

摘要： 种子是植物繁育的最主要器官，种子是否正常发育直接影响植株的发育进程，也影响农作物产量和品质。种子发育调控的遗传和分子机制很复杂。目前已有大量直接或间接调控种子发育的基因和影响因子被鉴别，但这些基因之间的互作，不同调控途径如何形成网络协同调控种子发育，还有哪些新基因的参与，仍亟待进一步研究。通过梳理参与调控种子发育的基因、影响因子及其互作模式和调控模式，讨论了如何利用人类需要的等位突变提高农作物产量和品质，以期为植物种子发育调控、粮食产量和品质遗传改良提供理论支撑。

关键词: 种子发育, 调控, 研究进展