Abstract: Chemicals used for the prevention and control of fish diseases have brought about the deterioration of water quality, excessive drug residues in aquatic products and increased drug resistance of pathogens. With the development of the fish immunology and molecular biological technology, genetically engineered vaccines for fish diseases have been given considerable attention. This paper systematically summarized the background, significance, types and research status of fish genetic engineered vaccine, clarified challenges and proposed some suggestions for further development, which would provide reference for the development and application of the fish vaccines in the future.

Key words: fish, genetically engineered vaccine, immunity, protective effect

摘要： 鱼病的化学药物防治会导致水质恶化、水产品药物残留超标或病原体耐药性增强等弊端。随着鱼类免疫学研究以及分子生物学技术的发展，鱼用基因工程疫苗的研究受到了广泛关注。系统地解析与梳理了鱼用基因工程疫苗发展的背景、意义及疫苗类型和国内外的研究与应用现状，明确现阶段我国鱼用基因工程疫苗发展面临的挑战并提出相应的发展建议，旨在为未来鱼用疫苗的开发和应用提供参考。

关键词: 鱼, 基因工程疫苗, 免疫, 保护作用