Cold Resistance of Alfalfa Root Neck Under Different Phosphate Fertilizer Treatments and Changes of Carbohydrate Under Low Temperature Stress

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0094

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the mechanism of phosphate fertilizer type and application rate regulating the cold resistance and sugar content of alfalfa， taking‘Gongnong No. 1’ alfalfa was as the material， and a two-factor （phosphorous fertilizer type and fertilizer amount） randomized block experiment design was set， which two types of phosphorous fertilizer type （heavy superphosphate and diammonium phosphate） were used and the applying amounts were set according to 0， 100， 200， 300， 400 kg·hm^-2 （calculated as P₂O₅） in autumn. The root neck vitality and contents of soluble sugar， sucrose， fructose， starch in root neck and the tap root 1 cm below the root neck under low temperature storage （4 ℃） and low temperature freezing （?20 ℃） were measured. The results showed that， compared with 4 ℃ treatment， the root neck vitality and content of soluble sugar were higher and the content of starch was lower under ?20 ℃ treatment. The root neck vitalities and contents of fructose in heavy superphosphate treatments under ?20 ℃ treatment were higher than those in diammonium phosphate treatments， but the starch contents were conversely. And the Optimum amounts of two types of phosphate fertilizers were 300 kg·hm^-2（P₂O₅） with higher contents of soluble sugar and fructose in the root neck of alfalfa. In conclusion， a moderate amount of phosphorus could promote the conversion from starch to soluble sugar in alfalfa root neck and improve the cold resistance of alfalfa. Application of superphosphate with 300 kg·hm^-2 （P₂O₅） in Horqin sandy land was conducive to the safe overwintering of alfalfa.

Key words: phosphate fertilizer, alfalfa, cold resistance, sugar substance

摘要：

为探究磷肥种类及施用量调控紫花苜蓿抗寒性及糖类物质变化的机制，以‘公农1号’ 紫花苜蓿为材料，采用二因素（磷肥种类和施肥量）随机区组试验设计，设置分别施用重过磷酸钙和磷酸二铵0、100、200、300和400 kg·hm^-2（以P₂O₅计），于越冬前期将不同处理的根颈收获后分别进行冷藏（4 ℃）和冷冻（?20 ℃）处理，对低温处理后根颈（根颈及根颈以下主根1 cm）活力及糖类物质（可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖、淀粉）含量进行测定。结果表明，不同磷肥处理苜蓿越冬材料冷冻处理后的根颈活力和淀粉含量均低于冷藏处理，但可溶性糖、蔗糖和果糖含量高于冷藏处理。在冷冻处理中，施用重过磷酸钙处理苜蓿的根颈活力及果糖含量显著高于磷酸二铵处理，但淀粉含量显著低于磷酸二铵处理；2种磷肥均以300 kg·hm^-2处理苜蓿根颈的可溶性糖和果糖含量最高。由此表明，增施磷肥有利于苜蓿根颈中淀粉在低温时转化成蔗糖、果糖等可溶性糖类物质，提高苜蓿的抗寒性；在科尔沁沙地施用重过磷酸钙，且施用量为300 kg·hm^-2（P₂O₅）时有利于苜蓿安全越冬。

关键词: 磷肥, 苜蓿, 抗寒性, 糖类物质

CLC Number:

S963.22

Weidong CHEN, Yuxia ZHANG, Baiming CONG, Quanchao XIA, Yonglei TIAN, Qingxin ZHANG, Xiaoyan DU. Cold Resistance of Alfalfa Root Neck Under Different Phosphate Fertilizer Treatments and Changes of Carbohydrate Under Low Temperature Stress[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(2): 210-217.

陈卫东, 张玉霞, 丛百明, 夏全超, 田永雷, 张庆昕, 杜晓艳. 不同磷肥处理下苜蓿根颈抗寒性及在低温胁迫下糖类物质变化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(2): 210-217.

Figures/Tables 6

References 20

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温度 Temperature/℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	根颈活力Root neck vitality/（μg·h^-1·g^-1 FW）
温度 Temperature/℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	重过磷酸钙 Ca（H₂PO₄）₂ CaHPO₄	磷酸二铵（NH₄）₂·HPO₄
4	0	2.40±0.01 eα	2.40±0.01 dα
	100	3.27±0.03 dα	3.20±0.08 cα
	200	3.83±0.08 cα	3.57±0.09 bβ
	300	5.28±0.05 aα	4.56±0.06 aβ
	400	4.49±0.03 bα	3.60±0.05 bβ
‒20	0	1.13±0.07 eα	1.13±0.07 dα
	100	1.42±0.03 dα	1.50±0.11 cα
	200	1.72±0.15 cα	1.85±0.07 bα
	300	3.00±0.07 aα	2.77±0.03 aβ
	400	2.17±0.07 bα	1.98±0.06 bβ

温度 Temperature/℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	根颈活力Root neck vitality/（μg·h^-1·g^-1 FW）
温度 Temperature/℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	重过磷酸钙 Ca（H₂PO₄）₂ CaHPO₄	磷酸二铵（NH₄）₂·HPO₄
4	0	2.40±0.01 eα	2.40±0.01 dα
	100	3.27±0.03 dα	3.20±0.08 cα
	200	3.83±0.08 cα	3.57±0.09 bβ
	300	5.28±0.05 aα	4.56±0.06 aβ
	400	4.49±0.03 bα	3.60±0.05 bβ
‒20	0	1.13±0.07 eα	1.13±0.07 dα
	100	1.42±0.03 dα	1.50±0.11 cα
	200	1.72±0.15 cα	1.85±0.07 bα
	300	3.00±0.07 aα	2.77±0.03 aβ
	400	2.17±0.07 bα	1.98±0.06 bβ

温度 Temperature /℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugan content/（mg·g^-1 FW）
温度 Temperature /℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	重过磷酸钙 Ca（H₂PO₄）₂ CaHPO₄	磷酸二铵（NH₄）₂·HPO₄
4	0	79.94±0.87 dα	79.94±0.87 bα
	100	84.45±1.14 cα	80.76±0.35 bβ
	200	88.41±0.98 bα	81.23±0.50 bβ
	300	95.09±0.47 aα	92.25±2.82 aβ
	400	89.26±0.41 bα	89.26±1.75 aα
‒20	0	89.11±0.94 dα	89.11±0.94 dα
	100	92.80±1.09 cα	91.59±1.74 cdα
	200	95.95±0.50 bcα	93.98±1.24 bcα
	300	102.77±0.90 aα	98.86±1.23 aβ
	400	96.58±0.88 bα	95.80±1.00 abα

温度 Temperature /℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugan content/（mg·g^-1 FW）
温度 Temperature /℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	重过磷酸钙 Ca（H₂PO₄）₂ CaHPO₄	磷酸二铵（NH₄）₂·HPO₄
4	0	79.94±0.87 dα	79.94±0.87 bα
	100	84.45±1.14 cα	80.76±0.35 bβ
	200	88.41±0.98 bα	81.23±0.50 bβ
	300	95.09±0.47 aα	92.25±2.82 aβ
	400	89.26±0.41 bα	89.26±1.75 aα
‒20	0	89.11±0.94 dα	89.11±0.94 dα
	100	92.80±1.09 cα	91.59±1.74 cdα
	200	95.95±0.50 bcα	93.98±1.24 bcα
	300	102.77±0.90 aα	98.86±1.23 aβ
	400	96.58±0.88 bα	95.80±1.00 abα

温度处理 Temperature treatment/℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	蔗糖含量 Socrose content/（mg·g^-1 FW）
温度处理 Temperature treatment/℃	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/（kg·hm^-2）	重过磷酸钙 Ca（H₂PO₄）₂ CaHPO₄	磷酸二铵（NH₄）₂·HPO₄
4	0	63.32±0.61 cα	63.32±0.61 bα
	100	65.22±2.86 cα	64.32±1.33 bα
	200	65.74±1.60 bcα	63.38±1.09 bα
	300	73.63±0.96 aα	69.65±1.85 aβ
	400	69.59±0.48 abα	70.91±0.42 aα
‒20	0	75.26±5.48 cα	75.26±5.48 bα
	100	76.43±0.82 bα	76.48±1.06 aα
	200	79.41±0.79 abα	77.03±0.91 aα
	300	85.45±0.77 aα	79.57±0.69 aβ
	400	80.58±0.89 abα	83.22±0.60 aα