Table of Content

15 February 2022, Volume 24 Issue 2

Previous Issue   

SPECIAL FORUM ON FISH BIOLOGICAL BREEDING TECHNOLOGY

Research Progress on Sex Control Breeding of Fish

Binbin TAO, Wei HU

2022, 24(2):  1-10.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0582

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Sex control of fish is one of the important research interests in the field of genetic breeding of aquatic animals. Some biotechnologies， such as endocrine regulation of reproduction， artificially induced gynogenesis， cross breeding， and marker assisted selection breeding were wildly used to study sex control of farmed fishes， and a batch of monosex farmed fish varieties with excellent traits have been cultivated. The analysis of genome and functional genome of farmed fishes， the discovery of sex determination and differentiation related genes， and the establishment of cutting-edge biotechnologies such as efficient and specific gene editing have provided important theoretical guidance and technical support for the establishment of more precise sex control breeding technology and creation of new germplasm of farmed fishes. This paper reviewed the theoretical basis of fish sex control breeding and the research progress on fish sex control technology， which would provide theoretical and technical support for breeding high-yield， good-quality and environmentally friendly varieties of farmed fish.

Research Progress on the Breeding and Application of Sex Control in Snakehead

Mi OU, Jian ZHAO, Qing LUO, Haiyang LIU, Rong HUANG, Yaping WANG, Kunci CHEN

2022, 24(2):  11-25.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0578

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Snakehead（Channa）is an important freshwater fish in China，which has obvious sexual dimorphism，with fast growth rate，large size and low feed coefficient ratio in male individuals.Therefore，monosex culture of all-male production is of great economic significance.In this review，the breeding and application of sex control in all-male hybrid snakehead were described.Super-male blotched snakehead（Channa maculata）was produced by sex-specific molecular marker and reproductive endocrine regulation technology，the female parent northern snakehead（Channa argus）was selected for two generations，then “all-male hybrid No.1”（C. argus ♀XX × C. maculata ♂YY）were produced by combining sex control，population selection and hybridization of super-male C. maculata and the selected female C. argus. Growth performance indicated that “all-male hybrid No.1” had high male rate，rapid growth，uniform size，low feed coefficient ratio and wide breeding adaptability.The research on sex control in Channa not only promoted the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of snakehead，but also provided theoretical and technical support for sex control of other fish，which could accelerate the breeding process of monosex culture.

Application and Development Prospect of Fish Stem Cell in Breeding

Wanwan ZHANG, Meisheng YI

2022, 24(2):  26-32.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0577

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The farmed aquatic fish is one of the most important food sources of high-quality animal protein. The sustainable development of aquaculture industry depends heavily on new fish varieties with genetic improvement by both traditional methods， such as selective breeding and hybridization breeding， and innovative technologies including molecular assisted selection and gene editing. In recent years， the fish stem cell technologies including stem cell transplantation and induction methods have been showing great promise in fish breeding. Here， we summarized the progress and potential applications of fish stem cell technologies in breeding， clarified the main characteristics in cell manipulation， and highlighted the challenges and perspectives in further work， which should provide some guidelines for fish stem cell research and the application of stem cell technologies in fish breeding.

Fish Breeding Technology Based on Whole Genome Analysis and Its Application

Mijuan SHI, Wanting ZHANG, Yingyin CHENG, Xiaoqin XIA

2022, 24(2):  33-41.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0584

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With the development and popularization of high-throughput sequencing technologies， fish genomes are increasingly sequenced and assembled. How to apply these genomic information and high-throughput sequencing technology in fish breeding is a concern in the aquaculture industry. Compared with crops， livestock and poultry， the development and application of breeding technology based on whole genome analysis in fish is lagging behind. At present， fish breeding mainly refers to various methods established in other species. Usually such a method is developed based on the characteristics of a specific species and is not completely suitable for fish. Although these methods provide references for the whole genome breeding of fish， they bring difficulties for users to understand and choose the various technologies and algorithms. This article reviewed the breeding-related technologies based on whole-genome analysis in different fields， and introduced the mechnism and application of different technologies such as genome-wide association studies （GWAS）， genome-wide linkage analysis （GWLA） and genomic selection （GS）， and recommended some commonly used software to provide guidance for fish breeding based ongenomic analysis technologies.

Artificial Gynogenesis Technique and Its Application in Fish Breeding

Wen FU, Liangyue PENG, Yamei XIAO

2022, 24(2):  42-48.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0576

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Gynogenesis is a special reproductive mode that depends on female prokaryotic development. Artificial gynogenesis technique （AGT） has been developed into an effective way of fish genetic improvement， which plays an important role in the purification and rejuvenation of fish germplasm and breeding of fine species. Based on the practice of fish breeding， this paper systematically summarized the technical approaches and research status of AGT， and put forward the existing problems of AGT， in order to provide reference for the future development of AGT.

AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION FORUM

Influences and Prevention of Food Security in China Under Global Momentous Public Health Event

Jing ZHAN, Bin LIU, Ming CHEN

2022, 24(2):  49-57.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0006

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With the continuous spread of global momentous public health event， the flows of personnel， materials and commodities would inevitably be restricted， which should cause negative effects on food supply and demand， and endanger food security. Based on the analysis of the current situation of food security in China， the influence of global momentous public health event on China’s food production security， circulation security， consumption security and trade security were clarified. Then the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from the aspects of ensuring the supply of grain production factors， innovating grain sales formats， perfecting the grain reserve system， and smoothing the double circulation of domestic and international grain， etc.， which should improve the ability to rationally deal with momentous public health event， and thus effectively prevent the risks of China’s food security.

Analysis of Green Total Factor Productivity of Main Crops in China

Huiquan LI, Shiping MAO

2022, 24(2):  58-67.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0963

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More attention should be paid to the green development of agriculture under the constraints of agricultural environmental resource endowments. Assuming the agricultural pollution emission coefficient was a dynamically changing parameter， based on the dynamic measurement of the unexpected output of agricultural non-point source pollution， the SBM super-efficiency model and DEA-Malmquist productivity index were employed to measure the green total factor productivity （GTFP） of major agricultural crops. The results showed as follows：①the environmental technical efficiency of Japonica rice and soybean was greater than 1， while the environmental technical efficiencies of corn， wheat and cotton were less than 1； ② the green total factor productivities of cotton， Japonica rice and corn annual increased by 0.7%， 0.4%， and 0.3%， respectively， while the green total factor productivities of wheat and soybean annual decreased by 1.6% and 1.2%， respectively； ③ green total factor productivity was significantly different from traditional total factor productivity， and its green technology progress was even more significant； ④ improving the educational level of agricultural employees， increasing investment in agricultural science and technology， and strengthening environmental pollution control were endogenously driven to promote green total factor productivity growth. Calculating and analyzing green productivity of crop could reflect the comprehensive production capacity of each crops and the actual productivity status of the main crops.

BIOTECHNOLOGY & LIFE SCIENCE

Advances in Regulatory Mechanism of Brassinolide on Plant Root Development

Zhiyong WU, Hong GU, Dawei CHENG, Lan LI, Shasha HE, Ming LI, Jinyong CHEN

2022, 24(2):  68-76.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0836

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Brassinosteroids （BRs） are new plant hormones discovered in the late 20 century. They are involved in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development， and have important regulatory roles in plant root development. Brassinolide （BL） is the first highly active BR which structure has been determined. This review first introduced the discovery of BR， the study of the signal pathway of BR on regulating root growth， and further elaborated the research progress of BR pathway transcription factors interacting with auxin， cytokinin （CTK）， ethylene （ETH） and other signaling molecules to regulate root stem cell niche， root apical meristem， root cell elongation， lateral roots， root hairs， and root gravitropic. And it also put forward questions and prospects for the in-depth study of BR's regulation in plant root development. The review provided a theoretical basis for the application of BR in regulating plant root development.

Molecular Characterizations of Stacked Transgenic Maize BBHTL8-1 with Insect Resistance， Glyphosate Tolerance and Improved Quality

Junjie ZOU, Miaoyun XU, Lan ZHANG, Yanzhong LUO, Yuan LIU, Hongyan ZHENG, Lei WANG

2022, 24(2):  77-85.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0703

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With the development of genetically modified crops， transgenic plants containing stacked traits become more and more popular. Transgenic maize plants with stacked traits are usually insect resistance and herbicide tolerance. Here， BBHTL8-1 transgenic maize line containing Cry1Ab， Cry3Bb， cp4epsps， ZmHPT and ZmTMT expressing cassettes was obtained to confer transgenic maize plants with insect resistance， glyphosate tolerance and improved α-tocopherol content traits. In BBHTL8-1 transgenic line， all 5 genes were integrated in the maize genome and could be identified in different generations. Whole genome sequencing and flanking sequence analysis showed that the insertion fragment was located in the intergenic region of chromosome 4， with 31 bp deletion in the 3’ flank sequence. Cry1Ab， Cry3Bb and cp4epsps showed relatively stable expression levels in different development stages of root， stem and leaf， and had lower expression levels in the seeds， whereas ZmHPT and ZmTMT had higher expression levels in the seeds. Evaluations of insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance revealed that BBHTL8-1 plants were highly resistant to Asian corn borer， and were highly tolerant to glyphosate. The α-tocopherol content in BBHTL8-1 seeds was significantly higher than in non-transgenic plants Zheng 58. There were no significant differences between BBHTL8-1 and Zheng 58 on agronomic traits under normal growth condition. Above results obtained a new transgenic maize line with stacked traits on insect resistance， herbicide tolerance and nutritional quality improvement， which might be developed for transgenic breeding.

Screening and Evaluation of Drought Resistance Indexes in Different Barley Varieties

Yuancheng ZHOU, Yongli CAO, Zhen WANG, Zhirong JIA, Yong YAO, Aiping CHEN

2022, 24(2):  86-92.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0825

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In order to identify the drought resistance of barley，taking 15 varieties mainly cultivated in southern Shanxi as materials， the traits of agricultural， economic， physiological and quality characters were analyzed by membership function method. The results showed that yield， tiller number， spike length， grain number per plant and grain number per spike were highly correlative with drought resistance of variety， while SPAD value and the contents of moisture， starch， crude fibre in grain were little correlative with drought resistance. According to the D value based on all 13 traits， 15 varieties were divided into four types， and three varieties including Humai4， Jindamai3 and Edamai9 showed higher drought resistance than other varieties. Comparing with direct identification of drought resistance by drought resistance coefficient and drought resistance index， indirectly identification of drought resistance by membership function method could more comprehensively reflect the drought resistance of barley varieties， which provided the theoretical reference for the breeding of new barley variety and screening of germplasm.

Genome-wide Identification of GELP Family Genes in Cotton and Expression Analysis Under Stress

Shaojing MO, Zhicheng WANG, Xingfen WANG, Zhengwen LIU, Liqiang WU, Guiyin ZHANG, Zhiying MA, Yan ZHANG, Huijun DUAN

2022, 24(2):  93-103.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0389

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GDSL-type esterase/lipase proteins （GELPs） belong to lipolytic enzyme， which contain conserved GDSL motif at their N-terminus. GELPs play crucial roles in growth and development， stress responses and pathogen defense. However， the identification and functional analysis of GELP genes are hardly explored in cotton. This study identified 210 GELP genes in the G. hirsutum L genome and they were divided into ten clusters （A～J） by phylogenetic analysis. The GhGELPs were universally and unevenly distributed on all 26 chromosomes， the majority of which were located on chromosome ends. Gene structure analysis revealed that more than 66.7% of GhGELP genes were interrupted by 4 introns and composed of 5 exons in their coding regions. Further， the presence of cis-elements potentially related to the hormonal signal and stresses responses were surveyed， and a total of seven types cis-elements in the promoters were predicted. Finally， RNA-seq data were used to investigate the expression profiles of GhGELP genes under different biotic and abiotic stress treatments. The expression analysis revealed that majority of GhGELPs were down-regulated in response to cold， hot， salt， PEG and Verticilliumdahliae infection. In addition， some members could be simultaneously induced by multiple abiotic stresses. This paper identified the family members of cotton GhGELP genes， which provided theoretical basis for future studies of cotton GELP genes.

Light Response Model Fitting and Comprehensive Evaluation for Vitisamurensis

Yangyang LIU, Yue PAN, Shiwei WANG, Haifang HU

2022, 24(2):  104-114.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0769

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In order to select the best Vitisamurensis variety and photosynthetic-light response model， 6 Vitisamurensis varieties including ‘Beibinghong’ ‘Shuanghong’ ‘Zuoyouhong’ ‘Xuelanhong’ ‘Beiguohong’ and ‘Shuangfeng’ were as materials. And their light response curves were fitted by rectangular hyperbola model，non-rectangular hyperbola model， modified rectangular hyperbola model and exponential model， respectively. The maximum net photosynthetic rate （P_nmax）， dark respiration rate （R_dark）， apparent quantum yield （α）， light compensation point （LCP） and light saturation point （LSP） were evaluated. Compared with measured values， the modified rectangular hyperbola model had the best fitting effect on the photosynthetic-light response of Vitisamurensis variety except for the LSP of ‘Beibinghong’， which the P_nmax， α， R_dark， LCP and LSP calculated by model were closest to the measured values. Two principal components with characteristic root >1 were extracted by principal component analysis and their cumulative contribution was 82.71%. The comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis showed that ‘Beibinghong’ was the best variety with the high utilization of light， which could be planted in strong light environment and take fully use of light energy， which provided technical reference for the promotion of Vitisamurensis in Xinjiang.

Effects of Shading on Nicotine Synthesis of Flue-cured Tobacco

Jun LUO, Hong ZHOU, Facong QIAN, Junying LI

2022, 24(2):  115-123.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0865

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To explore the effects of different shading treatments on secondary metabolism of flue-cured tobacco at different growth stages， the contents of nicotine， nicotinic precursor， intermediate substance and relative expression of nicotinic synthase gene were determined and analyzed by covering different layers of shading net in the field. The results were followed. After shading 15~55 d， the content of nicotine in the root was increased first， then decreased， then increased， and finally decreased， which showed a bimodal curve. Compared with the control， moderate or severe shading could significantly increase the content of polyamine after shading 25~65 d， with the maximum increased ranges of 40.05%， 36.14%， 36.27%， 23.47% and 162.40%， respectively. The contents of aspartic acid in the root with moderate or severe shading treatments were higher than that of control with the maximum increased ranges of 7.01%， 25.65%， 253.85%， 22.70% and 89.28%， respectively， after shading 15~55 d. Compared with ontrol， moderate or severe shading significantly increased the relative expressions of NtPMT gene by 283.80%， 85.97%， 67.17% and 54.59% respectively， and the relative expressions of NtADC gene were significantly increased with moderate or severe shading for 15~45 d， with the maximum increased ranges of 85.97%， 181.83%， 103.93% and 54.59%， respectively. Therefore， moderate and severe shading could increase the contents of free amino acid and polyamine in the root， and be beneficial to enhance the relative expressions of NtPMT and NtADC genes， reduce the synthesis of nicotine， which provided production guidance for the regulation of nicotine content of tobacco leaves in tobacco field.

INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE & AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Research Status and Development Suggestions of No-tillage Seeding Anti-blocking Technology

Yiping DUAN, Mingliang WU, Jiangnan LYU, Wei XIANG, Bo YAN, Lan MA, Jiajie LIU

2022, 24(2):  124-135.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0370

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As an important part of conservation tillage， no-tillage seeding technology has many advantages， such as reducing the number of machines going to the fields and preventing the loss of soil nutrients. Good anti-blocking technology is the key factor to realize no-tillage seeding and improve the production efficiency of machines， and it is also the key and difficult point in the research of no-tillage seeding technology. It is particularly important to accelerate the research of key anti-blocking technologies. In order to solve the problems of stubble stalk blocking machine in no-tillage seeding operation， this paper systematically expounded the research progress and application situation of no-tillage sowing blocking technology at home and abroad based on the passive and driven no-tillage seeding blocking technology， combined with the five kinds of blocking methods of stubble-cutting， straw separation， stubble breaking， broken straw and straw throwing. Then， this paper analyzed the factors restricting the development of blocking technology， and put forward the focus of no-tillage seeding blocking technology. Finally， this paper looked forward to the future research directions from many aspects including strengthening the analysis of residual stubble characteristics， improving material and processing technology of key parts for anti-blocking， improving the universality of no-tillage seeder， accelerating the development of intelligent blocking equipment， so as to provide reference for the development of no-tillage seeding blocking technology.

Wheat Yield Forecast in Henan Province Based on Climate Year Type

Xin XU, Zhaowu MA, Shuping XIONG, Xinming MA, Tao CHENG, Haiyang LI, Jinpeng ZHAO

2022, 24(2):  136-144.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0886

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Climate change is an important factor affecting wheat yield， so scientific classification of climate year type is very important for accurate prediction of wheat yield. This paper divided the temperature data of 15 meteorological stations （cities or counties） in Henan Province from 1984 to 2018 to warm year， normal year， and cold year； according to the rainfall data， wet year， normal water year， and dry year were divided， and then 9 climatic year types were formed to analyze their laws. The relationship between the climatic year type and the output year type was analyzed combined with the wheat yield data to divide the high year， the average year， and the low year， based on topography， soil， weather and other factors， 5 wheat areas were diveded including northern Henan， central and eastern Henan， western Henan， southern Henan， and Nanyang basin. On this basis， the HP filter method was used to separate the meteorological output and the trend output. Under the driving of meteorological factor， the BP neural network was used to construct a model to predict the meteorological output， and the linear regression model was used to obtain the trend output， and then the two output were superimposed to obtain the actual output to realize the forecast of wheat output. The results showed that the accumulated temperature years in Henan Province were mainly warm year and normal year， and rainfall year was more evenly distributed. The climate year types were mainly normal year and dry year. The frequency of high wheat yield was the highest in warm and wet years with 76.9%. In cold and wet years， the frequency of low wheat yield was the highest with 67.9%； accumulated temperature in meteorological data was the main factor affecting wheat yield fluctuations. In warm years， wheat was easily high yields， and the probability of low yields in cold years was higher； compared the wheat output obtained by the superimposition of the output modeling using meteorological yields and trends with the actual output， the average relative error of each model of the 5 wheat regions in northern Henan， middle eastern Henan， western Henan， southern Henan and Nanyang basin was 0.31%， 0.36%， 0.58%， 0.48% and 0.38%， respectively， which indicated that it was feasible to predict wheat yield using HP filter and BP neural network technology.

ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH

Identification and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Fusarium andiyazi Causing Maize Ear Rot

Hua SUN, Ning GUO, Xiaojuan ZHENG, Jie SHI, Lirong ZHANG, Hongfei YAN

2022, 24(2):  145-151.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.1020

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In order to identify the Fusarium sp. causing maize ear rot， both morphological characteristics and molecular biology techniques were used to determine the pathogen， and the pathogenicity was conducted according to Koch's rule， and the biological characteristics of F. andiyazi were determined from the aspects of optimum carbon source， nitrogen source， culture temperature， pH， illumination and lethal temperature. The results showed that Fusarium andiyazi was the pathogen of maize ear rot. The optimum carbon sources for mycelial growth and sporulation of F. andiyazi were soluble starch and galactose， respectively， and the optimum nitrogen source was yeast powder， the growth temperature range was from 15 to 35 ℃， the optimal temperature was 30 ℃， the optimum pH was 7～12 for mycelium growth and sporulation. The strain of F. andiyazi could grow and spore under any light condition， and the continuous illumination had a stimulatory effect on sporulation. The lethal temperature of mycelia was 65 ℃， and the lethal temperature of conidia was 60 ℃. Above results provided theoretical basis for the control of corn ear rot and the breeding of resistant varieties.

Inhibitory Mechanism of Volatilized Active Components from Bacillus subtilis Czk1 on Ganoderma pseudoferreum

Yanqiong LIANG, Rui LI, Weihuai WU, Jingen XI, Shibei TAN, Xing HUANG, Ying LU, Chunping HE, Kexian YI

2022, 24(2):  152-159.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0991

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Red root disease is the root disease of rubber trees with wide distribution， high incidence， and more harmful in China. In order to determine the inhibitory effect of volatilized active components produced by Bacillus subtilis Czk1 strain on Ganoderma pseudoferreum， the dominant of active components， benzaldehyde， 3，5-dimethoxyacetophenone and butylated hydroxytoluene were used as research subjects to analyze their effects on sugar， protein， DNA， activity of key metabolic enzymes and cell content leakage of G. pseudoferreum. The results showed after G. pseudoferreum was treated with the active components of volatiled organic compounds， the sugar content of G. pseudoferreum decreased significantly， and the volatilized active components with high concentration affected the protein synthesis of G. pseudoferreum； the molecular weight of DNA did not change significantly， indicating the primary structure of DNA was not destoried； the activities of key metabolic enzymes （malate dehydrogenase and chitinase） decreased， and the leakage of intracellular lysates was obvious. The active components of volatile organic compounds achieved bacteriostasis by destroying the cell membrane structure and disrupting the metabolic activity of G. pseudoferreum.

BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY

Progress in Integrated Rice-crayfish Farming System

Hui XU, Yangyang ZHAO, Dongyue SUN, Yuanyuan KE, Lele ZHANG, Xiang CHEN, Fengzhen WEI, Jincai LI

2022, 24(2):  160-168.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.1114

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Integrated rice （Oryzasativa）-crayfish （Procambarusclarkii） farming system is considered as comprehensive farming system for rice and fisheries cultivation at the same time. In the recent years， it has developed rapidly in China， especially in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. This paper reviewed the theoretical research progress and industrial development of rice-shrimp co-cropping mode in the past decade. In the view of theoretical research progress， the influence of integrated rice-crayfish farming system on paddy field ecology was clarified from the characteristics of paddy field soil， water quality， biodiversity and greenhouse gas emission. And in view of technical research progress， the development of green production technology of integrated rice-crayfish farming system was contributing in stabilizing the sown area and reducing the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. At the same time， enhanced quality and output of paddy rice and crayfish had been observed. But for long term and large scaled development of rice-crayfish industry still needed to carry out industrial organization optimization and upgrading. Alongside， there were a small number of risky questions arise in the development of integrated rice-crayfish farming system， such as invasion risk， germplasm degradation，“only emphasizing crayfish， but neglecting rice” and so on. Such tricky questions restricted the sustainable development of integrated rice-crayfish farming system. In order to promote the research and wide application of integrated rice-crayfish farming system and cope such limitations， 3 suggestions were put forwarded， establishing agricultural analysis system and information database about paddy field， classifying the promotion areas of rice-crayfish； strengthening the research of basic theory and integrated technology mode and at the same time promoting the integration of research， implementation and production； strengthening policy support and technical services to ensure the economic benefits of business entities.

Effects of Planting Glycyrrhizauralensis on Mechanical Composition and Nutrients of Aeolian Sandy Soil

Lijuan HE, Zhongju MENG, Xiaohong DANG, Tao LYU

2022, 24(2):  169-176.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0768

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In order to clarify the improvement effect of Glycyrrhizauralensis Fisch. on aeolian sandy soil in Kubuqi desert， the changes of soil mechanical composition and nutrient content under different planting years were studied. The results showed that： ① with the increase of planting years of Glycyrrhizauralensis Fisch.， the silt content increased significantly （P<0.05）， and compared with bare land， the silt content of 1-year-old， 2-year-old and 4-year-old licorice increased by 1.08%， 1.35%， 4.01%， respectively；② the contents of soil organic matter， available potassium and available phosphorus increased by 81.1%， 67.0% and 79.8%， respectively in land of 4-year-old Glycyrrhizauralensis Fisch. compared with bare land. In vertical section， soil nutrient content decreased with the increase of soil depth； ③ there was a significant positive correlation（P<0.01） between organic matter， available potassium， available phosphorus and clay of the licorice soil， the correlation coefficients were 0.999， 0.991 and 0.990， respectively， and there was a significant negative correlation with medium sand （P<0.05）. Planting Glycyrrhizauralensis Fisch. in desert area could increase the content of fine particles， organic matter， available potassium and phosphorus in aeolian sandy soil， jointly improve the quality of aeolian sandy soil， increase soil fertility， and provide data support for the biological measures that were taken in the future.

Effect of Soil-ridged Substrate-embedded Cultivation on Root Zone Temperature， Growth and Yield of Cucumber in Chinese Solar Greenhouse in Summer

Baoshi LI, Wenke LIU, Qi WANG, Mingjie SHAO

2022, 24(2):  177-183.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0862

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In order to study the effect of soil-ridge substrate-embedded cultivation （SSC） on growth and yield of cucumber and root zone temperature in summer， 4 treatments were set including the traditional soil cultivation ridge+silver reflective film （SR treatment）， SSC （ridge with high 15 cm and width 20 cm ）+silver reflective film （SSC treatment）， SSC （ridge with high 10 cm and width 20 cm）+silver reflective film （SSCs treatment）， and SSC （ridge with 10 cm high and 30 cm width）+silver reflective film （SSB treatment）. The temperature of root zone， growth and yield of cucumber in different treatments were determined. The results showed that the average temperature of daytime was highest in SSB treatment and was lowest in SSCs treatment during June 4—8 and July 4—8， which indicated that SSCs treatment had the optimal buffering capacity on the temperature of root zone in summer. During June 4—8， the temperature difference in SSB treatment was highest， while the temperature difference in SR treatment was highest during July 4—8， and the temperature difference in SSCs treatment was lowest during June 4—8 and July 4—8. The plant height， stem diameter， SPAD value and leaf number of SSCs and SSB treatments were significantly higher than those of SR treatment， which SSCs treatment had the most significant effect on promoting growth of cucumber. Compared with SR treatment， SSC and SSCs treatment significantly increased cucumber weight per fruit and yield per unit area， which the yields of SSC and SSCs treatments were increased by 6.4% and 7.0%， respectively. To sum up， the soil-ridge substrate-embedded cultivation could effectively enhance the buffer capacity of temperature in the root zone， increase the yield of cucumber. The cultivated patterns of SSC （ridge with 10 cm height and 20 cm width）+silver reflective film （SSCs treatment） had a good application prospect in the vagetable production of Chinese solar greenhouse， which provided scientific theoretical support for the application and popularization of SSC.

Effects of Function Microbial Compound Fertilizer on Yield， Quality and Economic Benefit of Head Cabbage

Xuan ZHOU, Pinling YANG, Jianwei PENG, Huiqing CHAI, Xuemei ZHONG, Xingrong KANG, Junyou LONG, Huiru ZHANG

2022, 24(2):  184-192.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0955

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In order to study the effects of functional bacterial compound fertilizer on vegetable cultivation， head cabbage was as materials and 6 treatments of fertilizer application were set， which included no fertilizer （CK）， conventional fertilization （CF， 600 kg·hm^-2）， functional bacterial compound fertilizer 1 （BF1， 600 kg·hm^-2）， functional bacterial compound fertilizer 2 （BF2， 600 kg·hm^-2）， functional bacterial compound fertilizer 1 reduced 25% （25%BF1， 450 kg·hm^-2） and functional bacterial compound fertilizer 2 reduced 25% （25%BF2， 450 kg·hm^-2）. The growth， yield， quality and economic benefits of head cabbage under different fertilization treatments in open field and greenhouse were measured. The results showed that fertilization and planting environment had significant effects on the yield， quality and economic benefits， respectively （P< 0.05）， while their interacted effects were not significant （P> 0.05）. Compared with CF treatment， the yield of head cabbage under different treatments of functional bacterial compound fertilizer increased by 2.0%～11.7% （open field） and 11.1%～18.9% （greenhouse）， and the economic benefits increased by 1.4%～15.0% （open field） and 13.1%～23.3% （greenhouse）， respectively. Compared with BF1 and BF2 treatment， the economic benefits of 25%BF1 and 25%BF2 increased by 2.0%～13.5% （open field） and 3.3%～7.7% （greenhouse）， respectively. And the contents of vitamin C and soluble sugar in head cabbage under different treatments of functional bacterial compound fertilizer effectively increased， and the nitrate contents decreased， which could be benefit of improving quality of vegetables and food security. 25%BF1 and 25%BF2 treatments had better effects on the growth， yield， quality and economic benefits of head cabbage， which provided scientific basis for increasing yield and improving quality of green vegetables and efficient and reasonable application and popularization of microbial fertilizer.

Response of Drought Stress of Lyciumruthenicum Murr. Under Different Nitrogen Applications

Xingdong MA, Yehong GUO, Meiying LI, Xiaxia YU, Yingjie XU, Wenjuan ZHU, Jie FENG

2022, 24(2):  193-200.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.1085

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To evaluate the physiologic response of drought resistance under different nitrogen （N） applications of Lyciumruthenicum Murr. in arid land， this study used urea （46%） as the N source for 2 years （2018， 2019）， and set 5 N applications including 0 （CK）， 50 （N1）， 100 （N2）， 150 （N3） and 200 g·plant^-1 （N4）， and 3 different degree of drought stresses including 0 （30.8% and 29.3%， soil moiture）， 15 （21.7% and 21.1%， soil moiture） and 30 d （11.2% and 9.7%， soil moiture）. The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）， peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） in leaf of Lyciumruthenicum Murr. were measured， and the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）， proline （Pro） and soluble sugar （SS） were determined. In addition， the drought resistance of Lyciumruthenicum Murr. was comprehensively evaluated by membership function method. The results show that appropriate N application could increase the activities （SOD， POD and CAT） and the contents of Pro and SS content in the leaf of Lyciumruthenicum Murr.， and inhibite the synthesis of MDA. In general， the activities of SOD， POD， CAT and SS content were higher under N3 and N4 treatments， while the contents of Pro were higher and the MDA contents were lower under N2 and N3 treatments. According to the comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance， it showed that the appropriate amount of N application could enhance the drought resistance of Lyciumruthenicum Murr.， but excessive N application should reduce drought resistance. The drought resistant ability were stronger under N2 and N3 treatments after stress 0 and 15 d， and was strongest under N2 treatment after stress 30 d. Therefore， the drought resistance of Lyciumruthenicum Murr. could be improved by applying appropriate amount N in the arid land of Northwest， which provided theoretical basis and technical support for the cultivation pattern of Lyciumruthenicum in arid area.

Effects of Potassium Application on Growth， Yield and Quality of Artemisia argyi

Changjie CHEN, Lin MA, Yuhuan MIAO, Lanping GUO, Dahui LIU

2022, 24(2):  201-209.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0844

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In order to clarify the effect of potassium fertilizer on Artemisiaargyi in Qichun County， a two-year field experiment was conducted and 5 dosages of potassium fertilizer treatments （0， 60， 120， 180 and 240 kg·hm^-2，named K₀，K₆₀，K₁₂₀，K₁₈₀，K₂₄₀，respectively） were set. The agronomic trait， yield， the content of total volatile oil， 7 kinds of volatile components， total flavonoids， 9 kinds of flavonoids and phenolic acid components and mineral elements in the leaves of Artemisiaargyi were analyzed. The result showed that the application of K fertilizer was beneficial to promote the growth and yield of Artemisiaargyi. The yield of K₁₈₀ treatment were increased by 18.4% and 24.3% in 2018 and 2019， respectively. And the application of K fertilizer could increase the output rate of Artemisiaargyi leaves and promote the growth and branching of non-glandular hair， which the output rate increased by 1.3%～23.1% （2018） and 11.1%～40.6% （2019）， respectively. With the increase of K fertilizer， the contents of total volatile oil， eucalyptus oleoresin， camphor， borneol， total flavonoids， isochlorogenic acid A， cyanidin， and isozanthin in the leaves of Artemisiaargyi decreased. The contents of K， Ca， Fe and Zn in leaves of Artemisiaargyi significantly positively correlated with the K application rate， while the contents of active ingredients significantly negatively correlated with the contents of K， Ca， Mg， Fe and Zn. Taking into account the factors such as the yield， cashmere yield and the content of volatile oil， flavonoids and phenolic acids in the leaves of Artemisiaargyi， the suitable amount of K fertilizer was 120～180 kg·hm^-2， which provided a scientific basis for K management in the artificial planting of Artemisiaargyi in Qichun County， China.

Cold Resistance of Alfalfa Root Neck Under Different Phosphate Fertilizer Treatments and Changes of Carbohydrate Under Low Temperature Stress

Weidong CHEN, Yuxia ZHANG, Baiming CONG, Quanchao XIA, Yonglei TIAN, Qingxin ZHANG, Xiaoyan DU

2022, 24(2):  210-217.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0094

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In order to explore the mechanism of phosphate fertilizer type and application rate regulating the cold resistance and sugar content of alfalfa， taking‘Gongnong No. 1’ alfalfa was as the material， and a two-factor （phosphorous fertilizer type and fertilizer amount） randomized block experiment design was set， which two types of phosphorous fertilizer type （heavy superphosphate and diammonium phosphate） were used and the applying amounts were set according to 0， 100， 200， 300， 400 kg·hm^-2 （calculated as P₂O₅） in autumn. The root neck vitality and contents of soluble sugar， sucrose， fructose， starch in root neck and the tap root 1 cm below the root neck under low temperature storage （4 ℃） and low temperature freezing （?20 ℃） were measured. The results showed that， compared with 4 ℃ treatment， the root neck vitality and content of soluble sugar were higher and the content of starch was lower under ?20 ℃ treatment. The root neck vitalities and contents of fructose in heavy superphosphate treatments under ?20 ℃ treatment were higher than those in diammonium phosphate treatments， but the starch contents were conversely. And the Optimum amounts of two types of phosphate fertilizers were 300 kg·hm^-2 （P₂O₅） with higher contents of soluble sugar and fructose in the root neck of alfalfa. In conclusion， a moderate amount of phosphorus could promote the conversion from starch to soluble sugar in alfalfa root neck and improve the cold resistance of alfalfa. Application of superphosphate with 300 kg·hm^-2 （P₂O₅） in Horqin sandy land was conducive to the safe overwintering of alfalfa.