Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 157-164.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0071
• BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY • Previous Articles
Yongtao HU1(), Daibin WANG2, Yiyin CHEN2, Chao YANG2, Linlin ZHENG2, Hongzhi SHI1, Jianan WANG1(
)
Received:
2022-01-27
Accepted:
2022-04-12
Online:
2023-08-20
Published:
2023-09-07
Contact:
Jianan WANG
胡永涛1(), 汪代斌2, 陈益银2, 杨超2, 郑林林2, 史宏志1, 王建安1(
)
通讯作者:
王建安
作者简介:
胡永涛 E-mail: 871244608@qq.com;
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Yongtao HU, Daibin WANG, Yiyin CHEN, Chao YANG, Linlin ZHENG, Hongzhi SHI, Jianan WANG. Research on Contribution of Different Maturation with Fresh Tobacco Quality to Flue-cured Tobacco Quality[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(8): 157-164.
胡永涛, 汪代斌, 陈益银, 杨超, 郑林林, 史宏志, 王建安. 不同成熟度鲜烟素质对烤后烟叶品质贡献度的研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(8): 157-164.
成熟度 Mature degree | 主要外观特征 Main appearance features |
---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 叶面黄绿面积60%~70%;主脉变白1/2左右;叶尖浅绿,无下垂 Yellow and green area of leaves is 60%~70%; main vein turns white about 1/2; leaf tip is light green without drooping |
适熟 Proper mature | 叶面黄绿面积70%~80%;主脉变白2/3左右;叶尖黄色,稍下垂 Yellow and green area of leaves is 70%~80%; main vein turns white about 2/3; leaf tip is yellow with slightly drooping |
过熟 Over mature | 叶面黄绿面积80%~90%;主脉变白3/4左右;叶尖黄色发白,卷曲 Yellow and green area of leaves is 80%~90%; main vein turns white about 3/4; leaf tip is yellow and white with curly |
Table 1 Harvest characteristics of fresh tobacco leaves in the field
成熟度 Mature degree | 主要外观特征 Main appearance features |
---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 叶面黄绿面积60%~70%;主脉变白1/2左右;叶尖浅绿,无下垂 Yellow and green area of leaves is 60%~70%; main vein turns white about 1/2; leaf tip is light green without drooping |
适熟 Proper mature | 叶面黄绿面积70%~80%;主脉变白2/3左右;叶尖黄色,稍下垂 Yellow and green area of leaves is 70%~80%; main vein turns white about 2/3; leaf tip is yellow with slightly drooping |
过熟 Over mature | 叶面黄绿面积80%~90%;主脉变白3/4左右;叶尖黄色发白,卷曲 Yellow and green area of leaves is 80%~90%; main vein turns white about 3/4; leaf tip is yellow and white with curly |
处理 Treatment | 叶绿素a含量 CA content/(mg·g-1) | 叶绿素b含量 CB content/(mg·g-1) | 类胡萝卜素含量 CD content/(mg·g-1) | 总叶绿素含量 TC content/(mg·g-1) | 类叶比 RCC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟Still mature | 0.71±0.05 a | 0.22±0.01 a | 0.25±0.01 a | 0.93±0.05 a | 27.10±2.00 b |
适熟 Proper mature | 0.43±0.03 b | 0.13±0.02 b | 0.17±0.02 b | 0.56±0.02 b | 30.35±1.96 a |
过熟 Over maturity | 0.32±0.02 c | 0.12±0.01 b | 0.14±0.02 c | 0.44±0.01 c | 30.99±1.25 a |
Table 2 Pigment contents of fresh tobacco leaves with different maturity
处理 Treatment | 叶绿素a含量 CA content/(mg·g-1) | 叶绿素b含量 CB content/(mg·g-1) | 类胡萝卜素含量 CD content/(mg·g-1) | 总叶绿素含量 TC content/(mg·g-1) | 类叶比 RCC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟Still mature | 0.71±0.05 a | 0.22±0.01 a | 0.25±0.01 a | 0.93±0.05 a | 27.10±2.00 b |
适熟 Proper mature | 0.43±0.03 b | 0.13±0.02 b | 0.17±0.02 b | 0.56±0.02 b | 30.35±1.96 a |
过熟 Over maturity | 0.32±0.02 c | 0.12±0.01 b | 0.14±0.02 c | 0.44±0.01 c | 30.99±1.25 a |
处理 Treatment | 叶片厚度 TL/μm | 上表皮厚度 TUE/μm | 下表皮厚度 TLE/μm | 栅栏组织厚度 TPT/μm | 海绵组织厚度 TST/μm | 组织比 TR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 303.20±9.23 a | 26.50±3.19 b | 17.90±1.54 a | 66.22±5.21 b | 166.41±11.93 a | 0.39±0.04 a |
适熟 Proper mature | 279.60±11.18 b | 34.60±2.87 a | 19.80±3.82 a | 98.31±6.97 a | 146.7±9.50 a | 0.67±0.08 a |
过熟 Over mature | 278.70±7.14 b | 30.30±3.93 ab | 18.70±3.43 a | 82.50±7.71 a | 148.8±10.13 a | 0.55±0.05 a |
Table 3 Tissue structure of fresh tobacco leaves with different maturities
处理 Treatment | 叶片厚度 TL/μm | 上表皮厚度 TUE/μm | 下表皮厚度 TLE/μm | 栅栏组织厚度 TPT/μm | 海绵组织厚度 TST/μm | 组织比 TR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 303.20±9.23 a | 26.50±3.19 b | 17.90±1.54 a | 66.22±5.21 b | 166.41±11.93 a | 0.39±0.04 a |
适熟 Proper mature | 279.60±11.18 b | 34.60±2.87 a | 19.80±3.82 a | 98.31±6.97 a | 146.7±9.50 a | 0.67±0.08 a |
过熟 Over mature | 278.70±7.14 b | 30.30±3.93 ab | 18.70±3.43 a | 82.50±7.71 a | 148.8±10.13 a | 0.55±0.05 a |
Fig. 2 Tissue structure of fresh tobacco leaves with different maturity (100×)Note: UE—Upper epidermis;LE—Lower epidermis;PT—Palisade tissue;ST—Spongy tissue;TL—Thickness of leaf.
Fig. 3 Enzyme activity of fresh tobacco leaves with different maturityNote: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments mature degrees at P<0.05 level.
处理 Treatment | 总糖 Total sugar/% | 还原糖 Reducing sugar/% | 钾 Potassium/% | 氯 Chlorine//% | 烟碱 Nicotine/% | 总氮 Total nitrogen/% | 氮碱比 Ratio of nitrogen to nicotine | 糖碱比 Ratio of sugar to nicotine | 钾氯比 Ratio of potassium to chlorine |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 29.64±0.91 a | 20.25±0.85 a | 2.48±0.33 a | 0.63±0.03 b | 2.38±0.02 a | 1.76±0. 11 b | 0.73±0.05 b | 8.51±0.42 b | 3.91±0.42 a |
适熟 Proper mature | 30.63±1.18 a | 19.50±0.89 a | 2.82±0.08 a | 0.68±0.03 b | 1.94±0.29 b | 2.27±0.07 a | 1.17±0.14 a | 10.05±1.25 a | 4.13±0.15 a |
过熟 Over mature | 31.38±0.39 a | 20.60±0.68 a | 2.89±0.06 a | 0.79±0.02 a | 2.33±0.02 ab | 1.82±0.10 b | 0.78±0.04 b | 8.86±0.32 b | 3.65±0.16 a |
Table 4 Chemical composition of flue?cured tobacco leaves with different maturity
处理 Treatment | 总糖 Total sugar/% | 还原糖 Reducing sugar/% | 钾 Potassium/% | 氯 Chlorine//% | 烟碱 Nicotine/% | 总氮 Total nitrogen/% | 氮碱比 Ratio of nitrogen to nicotine | 糖碱比 Ratio of sugar to nicotine | 钾氯比 Ratio of potassium to chlorine |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 29.64±0.91 a | 20.25±0.85 a | 2.48±0.33 a | 0.63±0.03 b | 2.38±0.02 a | 1.76±0. 11 b | 0.73±0.05 b | 8.51±0.42 b | 3.91±0.42 a |
适熟 Proper mature | 30.63±1.18 a | 19.50±0.89 a | 2.82±0.08 a | 0.68±0.03 b | 1.94±0.29 b | 2.27±0.07 a | 1.17±0.14 a | 10.05±1.25 a | 4.13±0.15 a |
过熟 Over mature | 31.38±0.39 a | 20.60±0.68 a | 2.89±0.06 a | 0.79±0.02 a | 2.33±0.02 ab | 1.82±0.10 b | 0.78±0.04 b | 8.86±0.32 b | 3.65±0.16 a |
处理 Treatment | 颜色 Color | 成熟度 Maturity | 结构 Structure | 身份 Identity | 油分 Oil | 色度 Chroma | 总分 Total score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 6.53±0.12 c | 7.03±0.12 c | 5.17±0.13 c | 5.83±0.04 b | 7.23±0.11 b | 7.20±0.14 b | 6.60±0.07 c |
适熟 Proper mature | 7.80±0.08 a | 8.30±0.08 a | 6.53±0.21 a | 6.70±0.08 a | 8.40±0.07 a | 8.33±0.12 a | 7.81±0.03 a |
过熟 Over mature | 7.27±0.05 b | 8.00±0.16 b | 5.97±0.20 b | 5.40±0.06 c | 7.47±0.12 b | 8.30±0.08 a | 7.27±0.05 b |
Table 5 Evaluation of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves with different maturity
处理 Treatment | 颜色 Color | 成熟度 Maturity | 结构 Structure | 身份 Identity | 油分 Oil | 色度 Chroma | 总分 Total score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 6.53±0.12 c | 7.03±0.12 c | 5.17±0.13 c | 5.83±0.04 b | 7.23±0.11 b | 7.20±0.14 b | 6.60±0.07 c |
适熟 Proper mature | 7.80±0.08 a | 8.30±0.08 a | 6.53±0.21 a | 6.70±0.08 a | 8.40±0.07 a | 8.33±0.12 a | 7.81±0.03 a |
过熟 Over mature | 7.27±0.05 b | 8.00±0.16 b | 5.97±0.20 b | 5.40±0.06 c | 7.47±0.12 b | 8.30±0.08 a | 7.27±0.05 b |
处理 Treatment | 香气质 Aroma quality | 香气量 Aroma amount | 浓度 Concentration | 劲头 Strength | 刺激性 Irritation | 杂气 Offensive flavor | 余味 Aftertaste | 总分 Total score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 14.79±0.21 b | 14.56±0.24 c | 9.61±0.14 b | 9.32±0.09 b | 6.49±0.05 a | 6.42±0.14 a | 6.36±0.08 b | 67.55±0.34 c |
适熟 Proper mature | 15.77±0.08 a | 15.86±0.02 a | 10.37±0.13 a | 10.62±0.13 a | 6.56±0.18 a | 6.39±0.13 a | 6.83±0.05 a | 72.41±0.61 a |
过熟 Over mature | 15.10±0.05 a | 15.24±0.02 b | 10.12±0.02 a | 9.35±0.10 b | 6.38±0.04 a | 6.47±0.14 a | 6.41±0.14 b | 69.07±0.35 b |
Table 6 Sensory quality scores of flue-cured tobacco leaves with different maturity
处理 Treatment | 香气质 Aroma quality | 香气量 Aroma amount | 浓度 Concentration | 劲头 Strength | 刺激性 Irritation | 杂气 Offensive flavor | 余味 Aftertaste | 总分 Total score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尚熟 Still mature | 14.79±0.21 b | 14.56±0.24 c | 9.61±0.14 b | 9.32±0.09 b | 6.49±0.05 a | 6.42±0.14 a | 6.36±0.08 b | 67.55±0.34 c |
适熟 Proper mature | 15.77±0.08 a | 15.86±0.02 a | 10.37±0.13 a | 10.62±0.13 a | 6.56±0.18 a | 6.39±0.13 a | 6.83±0.05 a | 72.41±0.61 a |
过熟 Over mature | 15.10±0.05 a | 15.24±0.02 b | 10.12±0.02 a | 9.35±0.10 b | 6.38±0.04 a | 6.47±0.14 a | 6.41±0.14 b | 69.07±0.35 b |
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