Abstract:

Heavy metal pollution has always been a major environmental problem in China， especially the threat of heavy metals such as cadmium （Cd）， plumbum （Pb）， hydrargyrum （Hg） to farmland and public health. Selenium （Se）， as an essential trace element， not only has biological functions such as delaying aging and enhancing immunity， but also has significant antagonistic effect on heavy metals. Therefore， strengthening the application and development of Se element is one of the important means to alleviate heavy metal pollution. Firstly， the hazards of heavy metals were analyzed， pointing out their difficult to degrade and easy to accumulate characteristics， as well as their long-term damage to ecosystems and human health caused by their accumulation in organisms. Secondly， the mechanism by which Se alleviates heavy metal pollution was detailed， mainly including 2 aspects. One aspect was that， due to the affinity and binding， Se formed stable complexes with heavy metal ions， reducing the toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals. Another aspect was the antioxidant and detoxifying effect of Se， which reduced the oxidative stress damage of heavy metals to organisms by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Finally， the broad application prospects of Se was put out in agriculture， aquaculture and medical fields. In agriculture， the application of Se fertilizer could significantly reduce the absorption of heavy metals by crops such as rice and corn， and improve crop yield and quality. In the field of aquaculture， Se feed could effectively reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in animals， and improve animal immunity and product quality. In the medical field， Se， as an antidote， had significant effect on the treatment of heavy metal poisoning， and could reduce the risk of cancer. Above results provided scientific basis for the development， research and rational application of selenium in multiple fields， and provided new ideas and methods for solving heavy metal pollution problems.

Key words: Se antagonistic effect, heavy metal pollution, antioxidant function, detoxification effect, develop applications

摘要：

重金属污染一直是困扰我国的重大环境问题，特别是镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）等重金属对农田和公众健康的威胁。硒（Se）作为一种必需的微量元素，不仅具有延缓衰老、增强免疫力等生物功能，更对重金属有显著的拮抗作用。因此，加强对Se元素的应用和开发是缓解重金属污染的重要手段之一。首先，分析了重金属的危害，指出其难降解、易积累的特性及其对生态系统和人类健康的长期损害。其次，详细介绍了Se缓解重金属污染的作用机制，主要包括2个方面：一是Se与重金属离子的亲和力与结合作用形成稳定的复合物，以减少重金属毒性和生物可利用性；二是Se的抗氧化和解毒作用，通过提高生物体内抗氧化酶活性，减轻重金属对生物体的氧化应激损伤。最后，提出Se在农业、养殖和医疗领域具有广泛的应用前景。在农业中，Se肥的施用能显著减少水稻、玉米等作物对重金属的吸收，提高作物产量和品质。在养殖领域，Se饲料能有效降低重金属在动物体内的累积量，提高动物免疫力和产品质量。在医疗领域，Se作为解毒剂，对重金属中毒的治疗具有显著效果，并能降低癌症发生风险。研究结果为Se元素在多领域的开发研究与合理应用提供科学依据，为解决重金属污染问题提供新的思路和方法。

关键词: Se拮抗作用, 重金属污染, 抗氧化功能, 解毒效用, 开发应用