Analysis of Characteristics of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil and Crops in Industrial Agglomeration Zone

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0047

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to systematically study on heavy metal pollution in soil and crops in industrial agglomeration area， the heavy metal content of soil and crops wheat in different directions and distances of industrial agglomeration area were determined and analyzed by single factor pollution index， Nemerow pollution index （NPI） and bioconcentration factors methods. The results showed that the heavy metal pollution of soil and crops wheat in the industrial agglomeration area were serious （NPI>2）. Within the influence range of 5 km from the industrial agglomeration area， except for mercury （Hg）， plumbum （Pb） and zinc （Zn）， other heavy metals were relatively serious（NPI>1）， the heavy metal pollution outside the 5 km range was relatively light （NPI<1）. In addition， there were significant correlation between heavy metal content in crops and soil， among which cadmium （Cd）， mercury （Hg）， plumbum （Pb）， nickel （Ni） and arsenic （As） in wheat grains were positively correlated with soil heavy metals， with correlation coefficients of 0.484， 0.409， 0.018， 0.679 and 0.480， respectively， while chromium （Cr） in grains were negatively correlated with soil heavy metals with a correlation coefficient of -0.133. The results indicated that wheat should not be planted in the industrial agglomeration area， and crops （wheat） planted within 5 km from the industrial agglomeration area only could be consumed as grains. Crops （wheat） production could be safely carried out 5 km away from the industrial agglomeration area.

Key words: industrial agglomeration zone, heavy metal pollution, soil pollution, crops

摘要：

为系统研究工业集聚区土壤和农作物重金属污染，对工业集聚区不同方位、不同距离的土壤和小麦重金属含量进行测定，采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法（Nemero composite pollution index，NPI）及生物富集系数法进行分析。结果表明，工业集聚区内土壤和小麦重金属污染严重（NPI>2），工业集聚区外至5 km范围内，除汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）污染较轻，其他重金属污染相对较严重（NPI>1），工业集聚区5 km范围之外土壤和小麦重金属污染相对小（NPI<1）。同时小麦重金属含量与土壤重金属含量存在显著相关性，主要食用组织籽粒中镉（Cd）、Hg、Pb、镍（Ni）、砷（As）与土壤重金属含量呈正相关，相关系数分别为0.484、0.409、0.018、0.679，0.480，籽粒中铬（Cr）与土壤重金属含量呈负相关，相关系数为-0.133。依据研究结果，建议工业集聚区内不宜种植农作物（小麦），工业集聚区外至5 km范围内种植的小麦只可食用籽粒，工业集聚区5 km范围之外可安全开展农作物（小麦）生产。

关键词: 工业集聚区, 重金属污染, 土壤污染, 农作物

CLC Number:

X826

Peiqiang ZHAO, Yongfeng CUI, Ya XU, Mingli LI. Analysis of Characteristics of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil and Crops in Industrial Agglomeration Zone[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(8): 163-171.

赵培强, 崔永峰, 徐亚, 李明丽. 工业集聚区土壤和农作物重金属赋存特征解析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(8): 163-171.

Figures/Tables 9

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等级Classification	内梅罗综合污染指数NPI	污染等级Pollution classification	污染水平Pollution level
Ⅰ	NPI≤0.7	安全 Safety	清洁 Clean
Ⅱ	0.7<NPI≤1	警戒级 Alert level	尚清洁 Clean yet
Ⅲ	1<NPI≤2	轻度污染 Slight pollution	开始污染 Begin to be Polluted
Ⅳ	2<NPI≤3	中度污染 Moderate pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
Ⅴ	NPI>3	重度污染 Heavy pollution	污染严重 Seriously pollution

等级Classification	内梅罗综合污染指数NPI	污染等级Pollution classification	污染水平Pollution level
Ⅰ	NPI≤0.7	安全 Safety	清洁 Clean
Ⅱ	0.7<NPI≤1	警戒级 Alert level	尚清洁 Clean yet
Ⅲ	1<NPI≤2	轻度污染 Slight pollution	开始污染 Begin to be Polluted
Ⅳ	2<NPI≤3	中度污染 Moderate pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
Ⅴ	NPI>3	重度污染 Heavy pollution	污染严重 Seriously pollution

研究区 Study zone	指标 Indicator	单因子污染指数P_i								内梅罗综合污染指数NPI	污染等级 Pollution classification	污染水平 Pollution level
研究区 Study zone	指标 Indicator	铬Cr	镍Ni	铜Cu	砷As	镉Cd	铅Pb	锌Zn	汞Hg	内梅罗综合污染指数NPI	污染等级 Pollution classification	污染水平 Pollution level
Ⅰ区 Zone I	最大值 Maximum	1.63	1.78	1.69	3.82	1.30	0.98	0.45	0.10	2.89	中度污染 Moderate pollution	开始污染 Begin to be polluted
	最小值 Minimum	1.32	1.58	1.26	2.46	0.93	0.78	0.35	0.02	1.92	轻度污染 Slight pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
	平均值 Mean	1.51	1.76	1.51	3.15	1.03	0.87	0.40	0.07	2.41	中度污染 Moderate pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
	超标率 Over-standard rate/%	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	50.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	标准差 Standard deviation	0.21	0.12	0.27	0.78	0.21	0.15	0.05	0.06	0.42
	极差 Range	0.31	0.18	0.43	1.36	0.37	0.20	0.10	0.08	0.97
Ⅱ区 Zone Ⅱ	最大值 Maximum	1.43	1.52	1.85	2.75	1.21	0.65	0.48	0.02	2.11	中度污染 Moderate pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
	最小值 Minimum	0.67	0.41	0.30	0.52	0.31	0.07	0.13	0.11	0.74	警戒级 Alert level	尚清洁 Clean yet
	平均值 Mean	1.00	0.82	0.87	1.50	0.67	0.46	0.33	0.05	1.19	轻度污染 Slight pollution	开始污染 Begin to be polluted
	超标率 Over-standard rate/%	37.00	25.00	12.00	75.00	12.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	标准差 Standard deviation	0.52	0.97	1.23	1.85	0.68	0.49	0.27	0.04	1.22
	极差 Range	0.76	1.11	1.52	2.23	0.84	0.58	0.35	0.09	1.37
Ⅲ区 Zone Ⅲ	最大值 Maximum	0.89	0.86	0.63	0.97	0.50	0.36	0.41	0.18	0.76	警戒级 Alert level	尚清洁 Clean yet
	最小值 Minimum	0.23	0.18	0.26	0.23	0.21	0.11	0.17	0.01	0.30	安全 Safety	清洁 Clean
	平均值 Mean	0.43	0.35	0.39	0.60	0.39	0.19	0.27	0.06	0.53	安全 Safety	清洁 Clean
	超标率 Over-standard rate/%	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	标准差 Standard deviation	0.21	0.37	0.11	0.42	0.10	0.16	0.17	0.06	0.31
	极差 Range	0.66	0.68	0.24	0.74	0.29	0.25	0.24	0.17	0.46

研究区 Study zone	指标 Indicator	单因子污染指数P_i								内梅罗综合污染指数NPI	污染等级 Pollution classification	污染水平 Pollution level
研究区 Study zone	指标 Indicator	铬Cr	镍Ni	铜Cu	砷As	镉Cd	铅Pb	锌Zn	汞Hg	内梅罗综合污染指数NPI	污染等级 Pollution classification	污染水平 Pollution level
Ⅰ区 Zone I	最大值 Maximum	1.63	1.78	1.69	3.82	1.30	0.98	0.45	0.10	2.89	中度污染 Moderate pollution	开始污染 Begin to be polluted
	最小值 Minimum	1.32	1.58	1.26	2.46	0.93	0.78	0.35	0.02	1.92	轻度污染 Slight pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
	平均值 Mean	1.51	1.76	1.51	3.15	1.03	0.87	0.40	0.07	2.41	中度污染 Moderate pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
	超标率 Over-standard rate/%	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	50.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	标准差 Standard deviation	0.21	0.12	0.27	0.78	0.21	0.15	0.05	0.06	0.42
	极差 Range	0.31	0.18	0.43	1.36	0.37	0.20	0.10	0.08	0.97
Ⅱ区 Zone Ⅱ	最大值 Maximum	1.43	1.52	1.85	2.75	1.21	0.65	0.48	0.02	2.11	中度污染 Moderate pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
	最小值 Minimum	0.67	0.41	0.30	0.52	0.31	0.07	0.13	0.11	0.74	警戒级 Alert level	尚清洁 Clean yet
	平均值 Mean	1.00	0.82	0.87	1.50	0.67	0.46	0.33	0.05	1.19	轻度污染 Slight pollution	开始污染 Begin to be polluted
	超标率 Over-standard rate/%	37.00	25.00	12.00	75.00	12.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	标准差 Standard deviation	0.52	0.97	1.23	1.85	0.68	0.49	0.27	0.04	1.22
	极差 Range	0.76	1.11	1.52	2.23	0.84	0.58	0.35	0.09	1.37
Ⅲ区 Zone Ⅲ	最大值 Maximum	0.89	0.86	0.63	0.97	0.50	0.36	0.41	0.18	0.76	警戒级 Alert level	尚清洁 Clean yet
	最小值 Minimum	0.23	0.18	0.26	0.23	0.21	0.11	0.17	0.01	0.30	安全 Safety	清洁 Clean
	平均值 Mean	0.43	0.35	0.39	0.60	0.39	0.19	0.27	0.06	0.53	安全 Safety	清洁 Clean
	超标率 Over-standard rate/%	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	标准差 Standard deviation	0.21	0.37	0.11	0.42	0.10	0.16	0.17	0.06	0.31
	极差 Range	0.66	0.68	0.24	0.74	0.29	0.25	0.24	0.17	0.46

研究区 Study zone	部位 Position	指标 Indicator	单因子污染指数P_i						内梅罗综合污染指数NPI	超标率 Over-standard rate/%	污染等级 Pollution classification	污染水平 Pollution level
研究区 Study zone	部位 Position	指标 Indicator	铬Cr	镍Ni	砷As	镉Cd	铅Pb	汞Hg	内梅罗综合污染指数NPI	超标率 Over-standard rate/%	污染等级 Pollution classification	污染水平 Pollution level
Ⅰ区 Zone Ⅰ	根 Root	最大值 Maximum	3.19	3.45	2.03	1.55	1.65	0.94	2.77	83.00	中度污染 Moderate pollution	污染明显 Obvious pollution
		最小值 Minimum	3.07	2.75	1.34	1.04	1.16	0.68	2.54
		平均值 Mean	3.09	3.17	1.69	1.24	1.45	0.79	2.66
	茎叶 Stem and leaf	最大值 Maximum	5.61	4.12	3.96	3.10	4.21	0.89	4.67	83.00	重度污染 Heavy pollution	污染严重 Seriously pollution
		最小值 Minimum	3.98	3.58	2.15	2.40	3.21	0.74	3.60
		平均值 Mean	4.77	3.82	2.92	2.73	3.71	0.82	4.08