Abstract:

This paper established a comprehensive economic cost model involving the environmental cost. The economic and environmental performance of biomass-fired and coal-fired cogeneration plant was compared using this model. The reasons which make the biomass energy less competitive in the market, and the development potential of biomass-fired and coal-fired were analized. It is concluded that the economic cost of biomass energy is still too high, due to the expensive material and imported equipment, which make the biomass energy less competitive in the market, while the environmental benefit is still remarkable. Comprehensive economic cost of biomass was superior to coal-fired cogeneration. The biomass combustion heating is more cost and environmental effective than biomass combustion generation at the present. With the decrease of fossil fuel reserve, investments will spontaneous pour into technology development of biomass energy driven by the market, in order to cut down the cost; and the policy support which including raw material supply, technology research and development and market cultivation will accelerate the technology progress of biomass energy.

Key words: comprehensive economic cost, biomass energy, coal, combined heat and power generation

摘要：

将环境成本纳入核算,建立了全成本经济评价模型。应用该模型,比较生物质与燃煤热电厂的经济、环境表现,分析制约生物质能在农村地区发展的因素以及二者的发展潜力。比较分析发现：目前阶段,生物质热电联产由于原材料和进口设备价格较高,经济成本仍居高不下,但其环境效益显著,全成本经济评价结果优于燃煤热电联产；生物质直燃供热比发电的经济效益和环境效益均更突出。随着化石能源的储量不断减少,市场会自发的加大对生物质能的投资,通过技术进步缩小与传统能源的成本差距。要加速生物质能发展的进程,需要在原料供应、技术研发、市场培育等方面给予政策扶持。

关键词: 全成本经济评价;生物质能;煤炭;热电联产