Abstract: To study the effects of biochar application on soil bacteria, fungal diversity and community structure for many years in cinnamon soil, and to understand the relationship between the changes and soil physical and chemical properties，three biochar dosage treatments (1.5, 15, 45 t·hm^-2 biochar with additional 30 kg·hm^-2 pure nitrogen to each treatment) were designed. The results showed that: ① biochar significantly increased available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, pH and water content in all treatments, and significantly reduced soil volume. ② There was no significant effect of the application of biochar on OTU number and alpha diversity index of fine and fungi, but PCA analysis showed that biochar treatment significantly changed the structure of fine and fungi communities. ③ The 15 t·hm^-2 biochar treatment significantly affected the relative abundance of dominant microflora of fine and fungi, increased the relative abundance of Proteus, Actinomycetes, Curvularia and Ascomycetes, and reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Bacteroides. ④ Analysis of fine and fungal communities and environmental factors showed that the total soil nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were significantly correlated with bacterial community structure (P<0.01), and soil ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, soil bulk density were significantly correlated with fungal community structure distribution (P<0.05). These results suggested that continuous application of biochar changed the structure of soil fine and fungal communities, of which 15 t·hm^-2 biochar treatment had the most significant effect on dominant soil microflora. At the same time, the change of soil physical and chemical properties after the use of biochar had a significant correlation with the distribution of soil fine and fungal communities. This study  provided data support for biochar to improve microbial diversity and community structure of cinnamon soil.

Key words: biocharcoal, tobacco cinnamon soil, bacteria, fungi, diversity, community structure, environmental factors

摘要： 为研究连续多年施用生物炭对褐土土壤细菌、真菌多样性以及群落结构的影响，同时了解其变化与土壤理化性质的关系，设计了3种生物炭用量处理（1.5、15、45 t·hm^-2生物炭，各添加30 kg·hm^-2纯氮）进行定位研究，结果表明：①生物炭均显著提高各处理土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机质、pH和含水率，显著降低了土壤容重。②施用生物炭对细菌、真菌OTU数量和α多样性指数没有显著性影响，但PCA分析结果表明，生物炭处理显著改变了细菌、真菌群落结构。③15 t·hm^-2生物炭处理对细菌、真菌优势菌群相对丰度影响明显，显著提高了变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、子囊菌门的相对丰度, 显著降低了酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门的相对丰度。④细菌、真菌群落与环境因素分析表明，土壤全氮、铵态氮与细菌群落结构具有极显著相关关系（P<0.01），土壤铵态氮、速效钾、土壤容重与真菌群落结构分布具有显著相关性（P<0.05）。说明连续施用生物炭改变了土壤细、真菌群落结构，其中15 t·hm^-2生物炭处理对土壤优势菌群影响最为显著，同时使用生物炭后土壤理化性质的改变与土壤细、真菌群落分布具有显著相关性，可为生物炭改良褐土微生物多样性以及群落结构提供数据支撑。

关键词: 生物炭, 植烟褐土, 细菌, 真菌, 多样性, 群落结构, 环境因素