Abstract:

In order to verify the effect of one-time harvest on improving ripening degree and quality of upper  leaves, and to determine the ripening degree features and standard for upper leaves by one-time harvest that is suitable for actual situation of Yunnan Province, 4 treatments were designed as harvesting after transplanting 105±5 d, 115±5 d,125±5 d,130±5 d, and studies on the ripening degree and mature characteristics and their relation with improving ripening degree and quality of upper  leaves by one-time harvest were carried out. The result showed that the optimal field ripening degree and mature characteristics of upper leaves by one-time harvest suitable for Yunnan Province were as follows: the plant is 120 to 130 days after transplanting, the top first to third leave turned yellow by 60%~80%, SPAD value of chlorophyll is 20 to 30, and there is no significant difference between SPAD value of the 2nd and 5th leaves. The quality of cured leaves harvested by that time has good exterior appearance, harmonious main chemical components, improved smoking quality and high industrail availability.

Key words: upper leaf, ripening degree, mature characteristics

摘要：

为验证上部烟叶一次性采烤对提高上部烟叶成熟度和品质的作用，确定适合云南省实际的一次性采收上部烟叶的成熟度特征和标准，设置了移栽后105±5 d、115±5 d、125±5 d、130±5 d等4种一次性采收上部烟叶的成熟度处理，进行一次性采烤上部烟叶成熟度及成熟特征与提高上部烟叶成熟度和品质关系的试验研究。结果表明：顶部1～3叶叶面绿黄至淡黄，叶面落黄60%～80%，主脉变白2/3以上，叶面黄色程度接近顶4～6叶，栽后120～130 d，叶绿素相对含量值（SPAD值）为20～30，而且顶2叶和顶5叶的叶绿素相对含量值（SPAD值）没有显著差异时，就是云南一次性采收上部烟叶最佳的田间成熟度和成熟特征。此时采烤的烟叶，外观质量好，主要化学成分协调，感官评吸质量改善，工业可用性提高。

关键词: 上部烟叶；成熟度；成熟特征