Abstract:

The world is facing dual pressures from population explosion and lack of resources. It＇s urgent to increase food production through improvement of crop varieties. Rice is one of the most important staple crops with a small genome. Being model plant for grass crop, it has high level of collinearity with other cereal crops in genes. Many functional genes have been cloned in rice that involved in important growth and development process, including plant height, tiller, florescence, fertility, yield, rice quality and stress tolerance etc. The progress on cloning of genes controlling growth, development and yield in rice could improve the understanding of molecular basis of rice develop- ment and rice production, and provide basis for molecular breeding of rice varieties by using these genes.

Key words: rice, growth and development , yield, gene, cloning

摘要：

全球面临人口膨胀和资源缺乏的双重压力,急需通过改良农作物品种来增加粮食产量。水稻是重要的粮食作物,具有基因组小、与其他谷类作物共线性高等特点,是禾本科作物的模式植物。植物的生长发育是获得产量的物质基础,目前已经克隆了一些水稻重要农艺性状基因,涉及的性状包括株高、分蘖、花期、育性、产量、稻米品质及抗逆性等。控制水稻生长发育的基因和产量性状基因的克隆,加深了对水稻生长发育的分子机制的理解,深化了对水稻产量形成的生物学机制的认识,并为今后利用这些基因进行品种分子改良提供了物质基础。

关键词: 水稻 生长发育 产量 基因 克隆