Table of Content

15 December 2008, Volume 10 Issue 6

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Research Progress on Gene Cloning of Growth, Development |and Yield in Rice （Oryza sativa L. ）

ZHANG Zhi-guo, ZHENG Xia, LU Tie-gang

2008, 10(6):  1-8. 

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The world is facing dual pressures from population explosion and lack of resources. It＇s urgent to increase food production through improvement of crop varieties. Rice is one of the most important staple crops with a small genome. Being model plant for grass crop, it has high level of collinearity with other cereal crops in genes. Many functional genes have been cloned in rice that involved in important growth and development process, including plant height, tiller, florescence, fertility, yield, rice quality and stress tolerance etc. The progress on cloning of genes controlling growth, development and yield in rice could improve the understanding of molecular basis of rice develop- ment and rice production, and provide basis for molecular breeding of rice varieties by using these genes.

Research Progress on Proteomics to Uncover Abiotic Stress |Tolerance Mechanisms in Plant

GAO Fei, WANG Yan-ping, ZHOU Yi-jun, ZHANG Gen-fa

2008, 10(6):  9-15. 

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Abiotic stresses such as high salt, low temperature and draught are major limiting factors for crop production worldwide. The application of proteomics in plant abiotic research helps to identify novel stress-responsive protein, reveals post-translational regulation mechanisms involved in stress response and enhances understanding of plant tolerance to stresses. Recent progress in this area was reviewed; the major obstacles and research field to be enhanced were listed.

Research Progress of Molecular Genetic Diversity |and Genetic Engineering in Juglans

YIN Cui-cui, WEI Ya-hui, LIU Hao, PEI Dong, PANG Jun-feng, TANG Yi-xiong, WU Ya

2008, 10(6):  16-22. 

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The germplasm resources are rich and the varieties are wide in Juglans, which are of important biological significance and economic value. The development of modem bioteehnology has launched a new era in Juglans germplasm identification, preservation and breeding. Genetic diversity of Juglans are summarized from the level of DNA molecular, the somatic embryogenesis, the establishment of genetic transformation and transgenic research in Juglans. Major
existing problems and the prospects for application and development of the molecular level of genetic diversity and genetic engineering in Juglans are discussed.

Discussion on Adaptive Models for Pig Raising in China

ZHANG Jun-min, LI Qiu-ju

2008, 10(6):  23-28. 

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This article make an analysis on the traditional pig raising pattern of china which mainly is small raising household and its present situation. Combining with our national conditions and the development direction of modemized pig raising, explore the suitable pig raising pattern on the present of China, puts forward the elliptical pig-raising pattern which mainly is pig raising farm（ zone）, develop the modernization in China.

Progress on Application of New Material in Bt Fermentation

WU Li-yun, GUAN Xiong

2008, 10(6):  29-34. 

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Bacillus thruingiensis is one kind of worldwide used microbial pesticides with higher cost of fermentation. Solid and liquid fermentation media for Bt production were reviewed. The possibility to use waste water or sludge etc as new materials for Bt production was analyzed and prospected.

Discussion on Ecological Restoration Mode and Technology Systems of |Degraded Ecosystems for Semi-arid Loess Hilly Areas

DONG Li-guo, LI Sheng-bao, PAN Zhan-bin| CAI Jin-jun, ZHANG Yuan-run, JIANG Qi,

2008, 10(6):  35-41. 

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Ecosystem degradation is one of the obstacles to the sustainable development of resources and environment. It brings out depleted resources, environmental degradation, and the loss of ecological basis for sustainable development. The status of degraded ecosystem restoration models and technology of ecological restoration are introduced in this article. According to the regional land-use pattern, using the principle of geographical features, four kinds of ecological restoration models and corresponding technology systems for semi-arid loess hilly region were integratedly assembled and discussed from the systematical angles to provide useful reference for the restoration of regional degraded ecosystem.

Application and Prospect of Light-Emitting Diode（LED） |in Agriculture and Bio-industry

YANG Qi-chang

2008, 10(6):  42-47. 

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The application of light-emitting diode （LED） in agriculture and bio-industry has been concerned by all over the world along with the development of LED technology. LED not only has many advantages, such as small size, long life, low energy consumption, securing wavelength and low production of heat, but also can emit the exact spectrum based on the need of plant. LED can actualize a lot of functions, such as energy-saving, environment-protection and efficient space utilization, which can not be achieved by conventional light source. This paper expounds in detail the application of LED in agriculture and bio-industry, with emphasis on the characteristics of LED and the progress on its application in plant cultivation, tissue culture, plant factory and controlled ecological life supporting system （CELSS）. It also analyzes and prospects the trends of LED applied in artificial lighting, plant factory, CELSS and the combination with new energy sources.

Research Progress on Farmer-based Participatory Plant Breeding

NIE Zhi-xing, HANG Xiao-ning, LUO Jia, WANG Miao, WANG Yun-long, WU Xiao-yuan,

2008, 10(6):  48-55. 

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It is difficult for conventional crop breeding system to develop enough suitable cultivars for various environments in organic agriculture or less developed remote regions. Participatory plant breeding （PPB）, oriented by farmer＇s demand and extruded by their leading and participation, can be an important complement of conventional breeding system. PPB could improve the efficiency of new cultivar, breeding utilization and extension, elevate farmer＇s skill and culture quality, and promote the sustainable agriculture development. Through implementing PPB programs organized by CGIAR and other international organizations, hundreds of new crop cultivars were released, and PPB technology system including selection of breeding parents, offspring selection, seed production and distribution etc, was perfecting continuousely. At last, suggestions were put forward for strengthening the PPB research in China.

Construction of the GFP Expression System Controlled by hrpF |Promoter of Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae

ZHANG Wen-wei, LIU Li, FU Yue-ling, JIAN Gui-liang, QI Fang-jun

2008, 10(6):  56-59. 

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In order to elucidate the expression characters for effector genes of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo） regulated by the promoter sequence, this research put the GFP gene under the control of the promoter sequence of the Xoo hrpF gene by fusion PCR. A transcripion unit pMF-GFP was constructed and confirmed through restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing, in which the reporter gene of GFP was regulated by promoter sequence of Xoo hrpF gene. Then, the transcription uni hrpF： ：GFP was transformed to the JXO I strain. The results showed that the transcription unit could efficiently express in hrp-induced culture medium XOM2, but could not express in the NA medium. The results also showed that the GFP protein of intermediate vector phrpF： ： GFP was obviously expressed in Escherichia coli.

Studies on Ideal Mode of Core Rice Germplasm Meixiangzhan 2 and |its Pedigree with Good Eating Quality

ZHOU Shao-chuan, LI Hong, HUANG Dao-qiang, LU De-cheng,ZHOU De-gui, WANG Zhi-don

2008, 10(6):  60-67. 

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Agronomic traits and eating quality of core rice germplasm Meixiangzhan 2 and its pedigree grown in early and late seasons in Guangzhou areas were studied. Ideal mode of core germplasm Meixiangzhan 2 and its pedigree was put forward according to the results gained from regional trials in Guangdong Province. The results showed that eating quality was significantly positively correlated to productive panicle numbers per plant, while significantly negatively associated with the width of the 2^rd top leaf, its yield was significantly negatively correlated with the width of the 2^rd top leaf and extremely significantly negatively correlated to the width of the 3^rd top leaf. The yield will increase 6.01 units, as the factor of flag leaf width increases 1 unit. In early season selection at Guangzhou areas, in order to improve the yield of Meixiangzhan 2 and its pedigree and their eating quality, attention must be paid to select plant with more effective spike numbers, wider top leaf width and single plant with dense grain numbers per panicle. For late season crop, eating quality was significantly negatively correlated to the widths of flag leaf and the 3^rd top leaf. The yield will increase 5.41 units as the factor of spikclet density per panicle increase 1 unit. Therefore, in order to comprehensively improve the yield of Meixiangzhan 2 and its pedigree and their eating quality, attention must be paid to select plant with larger panicles, heavy spikelet density per panicle and slender flag leaf and 3^rd top leaf for late season at Guangzhou areas

Analyzing Relationship between GlyCAM1 Gene Polymorphisms |and Mastitis in China Holstein Cow

WANG Hong-mei, WANG Chang-fa, LIU nan, LI Qiu-ling, HOU Ming-hai| LI Jian-bin

2008, 10(6):  68-73. 

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The genetic polymorphism of GlyCAM1 gene exon 3 and intron 3 in 273 heads of China Holstein cow were studied by CRS-PCR and PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. The results showed that two polymorphic sites were identified, which were located at position 2081 （A/C） and 2417 （C/T） in the GlyCAM1 gene exon 3 and intron 3, respectively. At the 2081 site and 2417 site, the allelic frequencies of A and B were 0.752 5/0. 247 50 and 0.904 6/0.095 4, respectively. X^2 adaptability test indicated that the polymorphic site 2417 was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P 〉 0.05 ） in China Holstein cow. But the polymorphic site 2081 was not in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Meanwhile, the results indicated that the mastiffs were significantly affected by fetal effect （P〈0.01） and field effect （P〈0.01） and lactation month effect （P〈0.05） . At the 2081 site, SCS was significantly affected by genotype effect, which the cow with genotype AA showed lower somatic cell score than that of genotype AB and BB （ P 〈 0.05 ）.

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Lactobacillus helveticus |ND-01 and Preparation for Freeze-dried Starter

CUI Li-min, ZHOU Qi, Airidengcaicike| DU Xiao-hua, WU Lan, LIU Xiao-ming, CHEN

2008, 10(6):  74-82. 

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LactobaciUus helveticus ND-01 is a lactic acid bacteria isolated from Koumiss in Xinjiang. It can produce higher inhibitory activity against ACE- Ⅰ and γ-aminobutyric acid during the fermentation process. The medium components for L. helveticus ND-01 were optimized by response surface methodology, which contained lactose（25 g/L）, soy peptone（ 14.1 g/L） , yeast extract（ 14.1 g/L） , sodium acetate（ 15.3 g/L） , sodium citrate（6.5 g/L） , K2HPO4 （2.2 g/L）, MgSO4· 7H2O （2 g/L）, MnSO4· 5H2O （25 mg/L）, tween-80 （ 1 g/L）, L-cysteine （750 mg/L）, Vitamin B9 （ VB9 ） 20 mg/L. After cultivation in optimization medium for 18h at 42℃, the viable count of L. helveticus ND-01 was 4.2 × 10^8 cfu/mL, which was about 5 times higher than that in MRS（8.2 × 10^7 cfu/mL）. Fermentation conditions were optimized using this enrichment medium as the basal medium culture in the 5L fermentor, the viable count of L. helveticus ND-01 reached 3.1 × 10^9 cfu/mL. After centrifugal separation of the cell form fermentation broth and freeze drying, a viable count of 2.5 × 10^10 cfu/g was obtained. After 90 days storage, survival rate of the freeze drying starter reached 81.20%.

Design of Standard Database System for Nuisanceless Argo-Food

YANG Liu, LONG Huai-yu, LIU Ming-da, LUO Bin, DING Bao-hua, LEI Qiu-liang, ZHAN

2008, 10(6):  83-88. 

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The establishment of nuisanceless argo-food standard database system （NAFSD） is the basis of platform construction for nuisanceless agro-food digital certification. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of nuisanceless argo-food standard data, this paper classifies uuisanceless argo-food standards. It chooses relation database system, establishes logistic relation model between data tables, and carries out optimized data treatment, which can actualize information query and index automatic judgment. NAFSD provides effective supports for the digital authentication for nuisanceless agro-food.

Research Progress on Biological Control of Mycotoxin Contamination

YAN Pei-Sheng, CAO Li-Xin, WANG Kai, WANG Zhuo

2008, 10(6):  89-94. 

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi under appropriate conditions. They could contaminate the oil seeds, cereal grains, legume, nuts and their processed products during pre-harvest and post-harvest stage. Mycotoxin contamination can not only cause the yield loss and quality decrease of the crops, but also be dangerous to human beings and animals. This paper reviews the kinds, hazards, restriction limits of the main
mycotoxins and the present status of studies on their biological control, introduces the new screening models for aflatoxin and fusarium-related mycotoxin, and puts forward policies for research on biological control of mycotoxins in China and key research areas.

Research Progress on Prevention and Control Technology of |Microbial Contamination in Wheat Milling Process

TAN Jing, ZHANG Xiao-lin| TAO Hao-han| ZHANG En-ping

2008, 10(6):  95-100. 

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Wheat flour is one of the most important food and food raw material. The high microorganism contents of wheat four produced in China generally reached103 - 105 cfu/g, which would go against the quality stability and food safety during wheat flour storage, and even have potential hazard to human health. Focusing on the status quo of wheat flour microbial contamination in China, and the process susceptible to microbial contamination, this paper discusses the prevention and control technologies for microorganisms in wheat milling process, and provides references for improving wheat flour safety.

Studies on Storing Sweet Sorghum Grown under Natural Environment

ZHAO Wei-jun, CHENG Qing-jun, ZHANG Fu-yao, GUO Jian-wen, CHANG Yu-hui, TIAN Ch

2008, 10(6):  101-104. 

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Taking Jintian No. 2 as material, this paper studies the storage of sweet sorghum grown under natural environment. The results demonstrated that the stalk weight, juice rate and general sugar amount descended gradually, while the sugar content of stalk juice increased gradually when the storage duration was prolonged. Climatic factor has significant influence on sweet sorghum naturally stored in the fields. In northern China, if the temperature quickly dropped to blight frost at late autumn and early winter, sweet sorghum stalk could be stored in the fields with natural frozen condition until early February next year when the average temperature rises above 0℃. During this period, the processing enterprises could harvest in the fields according to the demands of processing procedure, thus to reduce the storage space and production cost.

Solar Assisted Heat Pump System for Grain Storage Drying

DAI Yan-jun, DAI Jian-guo, WANG Xi-bo, WEI Lei

2008, 10(6):  105-109. 

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For grain-bin drying, a storage drying process has been developed, which involves a set of solar-assisted heat pump, ventilation systems and grain mechanical stir. In this way, low-power consumption, short cycle time and uniformity can be achieved in the drying process. A solar-assisted heat pump on the dry storage systems has been designed and manufactured in a grain depot of Yunnan. The energy consumption performance of the unit is analyzed. Under given condition, the initial research result shows that solar fraction of the unit is higher than 15%, system COPs is 5.19, and the SMER can reach 3.05 kg/kWh.

Studies on Producing Technology of Antihypertensive Peptide |Derived from Soybean Protein

HAN Fei, YU Ting-ting| ZHOU Meng-liang

2008, 10(6):  110-117. 

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Four types of enzymes were used to hydrolyze prepared soybean protein isolates and to study degree of hydrolysis and ACE （ angiotensin I-converting enzyme） inhibitory activity of the product. The results showed that alcalase was the optimum enzyme to produce soybean peptide. The optimum alcalase hydrolysis process for producing ACE inhibitory peptides was under 60 ℃ ,with pH 8.0, 4% substrate concentration,4% enzyme concentration, and 14.4% hydrolysis degree. After optimization, the ACE inhibitory activity can reach 84.1%.