Research Progress on the Breeding and Application of Sex Control in Snakehead

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0578

Abstract

Abstract:

Snakehead（Channa）is an important freshwater fish in China，which has obvious sexual dimorphism，with fast growth rate，large size and low feed coefficient ratio in male individuals.Therefore，monosex culture of all-male production is of great economic significance.In this review，the breeding and application of sex control in all-male hybrid snakehead were described.Super-male blotched snakehead（Channa maculata）was produced by sex-specific molecular marker and reproductive endocrine regulation technology，the female parent northern snakehead（Channa argus）was selected for two generations，then “all-male hybrid No.1”（C. argus ♀XX × C. maculata ♂YY）were produced by combining sex control，population selection and hybridization of super-male C. maculata and the selected female C. argus. Growth performance indicated that “all-male hybrid No.1” had high male rate，rapid growth，uniform size，low feed coefficient ratio and wide breeding adaptability.The research on sex control in Channa not only promoted the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of snakehead，but also provided theoretical and technical support for sex control of other fish，which could accelerate the breeding process of monosex culture.

Key words: Channa, sex control, sex reversal, “all?male hybrid No.1”, growth performance

摘要：

鳢（Channa）是我国重要的淡水鱼类，具有较高的经济价值。鳢普遍存在显著的性别二态性，雄性个体生长速度快、个体大、饲料系数低，因此，全雄单性养殖具有重大的经济意义。阐述了全雄乌斑杂交鳢性别控制育种过程：利用性别分子标记辅助育种技术和生殖内分泌调控技术创制超雄斑鳢新种质，开展母本乌鳢2代群体选育，然后超雄斑鳢与选育的母本乌鳢杂交获得集性控、选育和杂交技术一体的全雄乌斑杂交鳢——“雄鳢1号”。生产性能对比试验表明，“雄鳢1号”雄性率高、生长速度快、规格整齐、饲料系数低、养殖适应范围广。鳢性别控制育种研究不仅促进了鳢养殖品种结构调整和产业升级，也为其他鱼类性控育种提供了理论和技术支持，加速鱼类单性育种进程。

关键词: 鳢, 性别控制育种, 性逆转, “雄鳢1号”, 生长性能

CLC Number:

S917.1

Mi OU, Jian ZHAO, Qing LUO, Haiyang LIU, Rong HUANG, Yaping WANG, Kunci CHEN. Research Progress on the Breeding and Application of Sex Control in Snakehead[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(2): 11-25.

欧密, 赵建, 罗青, 刘海洋, 黄容, 汪亚平, 陈昆慈. 鳢性别控制育种及应用研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(2): 11-25.

Figures/Tables 14

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采样地点 Sampling site	地理坐标 Geographical coordinate	所属水系 Water system	样本数量 No. of samples
湖南衡阳Hunan Hengyang	112.74°E，27.23°N	湘江Xiangjiang	10
广西柳州Guangxi Liuzhou	109.44°E，24.33°N	柳江Liujiang	8
广西梧州Guangxi Wuzhou	111.27°E，23.48°N	浔江Xunjiang	10
广东阳春Guangdong Yangchun	111.79°E，22.17°N	漠阳江Moyangjiang	13
广东韶关Guangdong Shaoguan	113.60°E，24.66°N	北江Beijiang	7

采样地点 Sampling site	地理坐标 Geographical coordinate	所属水系 Water system	样本数量 No. of samples
湖南衡阳Hunan Hengyang	112.74°E，27.23°N	湘江Xiangjiang	10
广西柳州Guangxi Liuzhou	109.44°E，24.33°N	柳江Liujiang	8
广西梧州Guangxi Wuzhou	111.27°E，23.48°N	浔江Xunjiang	10
广东阳春Guangdong Yangchun	111.79°E，22.17°N	漠阳江Moyangjiang	13
广东韶关Guangdong Shaoguan	113.60°E，24.66°N	北江Beijiang	7

类型 Type	雄性混合池 Male mixed pool	雌性混合池 Female mixed pool
干净数据 Clean data/Gb	67.63	66.77
测序总条数 No. of clean reads	445 145 394	450 894 350
特异片段数 No. of fragments after removing redundancy	2 218 747 240	2 319 769 535
6~42频特异片段数 No. of fragments with 6~42 frequency	2 660 650	3 005 137

类型 Type	雄性混合池 Male mixed pool	雌性混合池 Female mixed pool
干净数据 Clean data/Gb	67.63	66.77
测序总条数 No. of clean reads	445 145 394	450 894 350
特异片段数 No. of fragments after removing redundancy	2 218 747 240	2 319 769 535
6~42频特异片段数 No. of fragments with 6~42 frequency	2 660 650	3 005 137

水平 Level/ （mg·kg^-1）	条目 Item	17α-雌二醇17α-estradiol	17β-雌二醇17β-estradiol	已烯雌酚Stilbestrol	对照 Control
20	存活鱼数 Living fish	967/1 000	972/1 000	952/1 000	968/1 000
	表型/遗传雄性Phenotypic/genotypic male	342/342	328/328	339/339	486/486
	表型/遗传雌性Phenotypic/genotypic female	625/488	644/482	613/478	482/482
	性逆转率 Sex reversal rate/%	28.60	33.0	28.48	0
50	存活鱼数 Living fish/%	942/1 000	965/1 000	953/1 000	—
	表型/遗传雄性Phenotypic/genotypic male	217/217	224/224	215/215	—
	表型/遗传雌性Phenotypic/genotypic female	725/470	741/478	738/482	—
	性逆转率 Sex reversal rate/%	54.03	54.00	54.35	—
100	存活鱼数 Living fish	831/1 000	826/1 000	840/1 000	—
	表型/遗传雄性Phenotypic/genotypic male	89/89	74/74	83/83	—
	表型/遗传雌性Phenotypic/genotypic female	742/424	752/435	757/428	—
	性逆转率 Sex reversal rate/%	78.13	81.07	79.85	—