Abstract: Food consumption structure of Japan and China belong to “dual-purpose type of plants and animals”, and the consumption concepts in these 2 countries are based on grain. The living standard of Japanese people have entered into the very wealth stage since the early 1980s. And its food consumption structure has verged to stable and reasonable. Therefore, analyzing the changing course of food consumption structure in Japan has a referential significance for guiding the improvement of food consumption structure in China. The food consumption structure in Japan and the intake changes of energy, protein and fat) were analyzed using FAO food balance sheets (from 1961-2013). This paper also compared the phases developmental rule of food consumption structure and nutrient intake quantity between Chinese and Japanese people, and put forward policy suggestions for further optimization of food consumption structure in China, stabilizing food consumption structure as soon as possible, keeping on taking plant-based food as main staple and popularizing more nutrition related knowledge to the general public.

Key words: Japan, food consumption, nutrients, enlightenment

摘要： 日本与中国的食物消费结构同属于“动植物兼用型”，两国都具有以谷物为主的主粮消费概念。日本居民的生活水平早在20世纪80年代进入非常富裕阶段，其食物消费结构已趋于稳定合理，因此，分析日本食物消费结构的变化历程，对引导中国食物消费结构改善具有重要的借鉴意义。参照联合国粮农组织（FAO）食品供需平衡表，分析了 1961-2013年间日本居民的食物消费结构及能量、蛋白质和脂肪摄入量变化情况，比较了中国和日本居民食物消费结构和营养素摄入量的阶段性变化规律，并提出了进一步优化中国居民食物消费结构需要尽快稳定食物消费结构，坚持以植物性食物为主并且加快营养知识普及。

关键词: 日本, 食物消费, 营养素, 启示