Abstract: To investigate the effect of applying microbial fertilizer (liquid microbial agent + solid organic fertilizer) to replace partial chemical fertilizer in apple planting, this paper took Fuji apple as experimental material, and studied the effect of 7 kinds of fertilization pattern, on soil physicochemical properties, tree growth index, yield, quality and economic benefit of fruit trees, including 100% chemical fertilizer(CK), microbial fertilizer + 100% chemical fertilizer(T1), microbial fertilizer + 80% chemical fertilizer(T2), microbial fertilizer + 60% chemical fertilizer (T3), microbial fertilizer + 40% chemical fertilizer(T4), microbial fertilizer + 20% chemical fertilizer(T5), microbial fertilizer only (T6). Results showed that compared with the CK, adding microbial fertilizer could significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase shoot length, leaf area and chlorophyll content, promote the growth of apple trees and increase apple yield. With the application of microbial fertilizer, only 60% chemical fertilizer (T3) could satisfy the need of apple growth, improve soil quality, and maximize the net profit of orchard. It was obvious that applying microbial fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer in apple planting was feasible. This study provided theoretical basis for scientific fertilization in apple production.

Key words: apple, solid bio-organic fertilizer, liquid microbial agent, quality factor, yield

摘要： 为探究微生物肥料（固体生物有机肥+液体微生物菌剂）替代部分化肥在苹果种植中的应用效果，以短枝红富士苹果为试验材料，研究100%化肥（CK）、微生物肥料+100%化肥（T1）、微生物肥料+80%化肥（T2）、微生物肥料+60%化肥（T3）、微生物肥料+40%化肥（T4）、微生物肥料+20%化肥（T5）、仅微生物肥料（T6）共7种施肥方式对土壤理化性质、果树的树体生长指标、产量、品质及经济效益等的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，微生物肥料的添加可以显著改善土壤理化性质，能够增加新梢长度、叶面积及叶绿素含量，促进苹果树体的生长，提高苹果产量。在施用微生物肥料的情况下，化肥施用量只需要施用通常的60%（T3），即可满足苹果生长，并能提高土壤质量，使果园的净利润达到最大。说明微生物肥料替代化肥在苹果种植中具有较高的可行性，为苹果生产中科学施肥提供理论依据。

关键词: 苹果, 固体生物有机肥, 液体微生物菌剂, 品质因子, 产量