Abstract: Furrow sowing on side of film mulch is an effective technology for yield increase of dry cultivated, which can significantly improve the ecological conditions of soil water and temperature. Based on field experiments, the effects of different periods of mulching (sowing stage, seedling stage, bolting stage, initial flowering stage and ending flowering stage) on agronomic characters, yield and quality of rapeseed planted by furrow sowing were analyzed. The results indicated that the furrow sowing on side of film mulch could effectively increase the accumulation of chlorophyll and dry matter of rapeseed, and improve the distribution of stem and branch in rapeseed population. With the decrease of mulching time, the branches position, length of main inflorescence and 1 000-grain weight increased, the plant height, effective branch number, effective pod number, seeds number per pod and yield per plant decreased. Compared with the non-mulched treatment, mulched rapeseed yield increased by 4.40%~26.18%, the oil content and protein content increased by 0.18%~2.48%, and erucic acid and sulfuric glucoside content decreased by 0.21%~12.65%. Furrow sowing on side of film mulch can not only improve the yield and quality of rapeseed, but also facilitate the formation of high-yield, high-quality rapeseed plants through plastic film mulching in the earlier growth stage.

Key words: rape, furrow sowing on side of film mulch, agronomic characters, yield, quality

摘要： 膜侧沟播种植技术是一项有效的旱作增产技术，可显著改善土壤水温生态条件。以油菜品种“川油36号”为研究材料，在大田试验条件下，分析了不同时期(播种期、苗期、抽薹期、初花期、花末期) 覆膜对膜侧沟播栽培油菜农艺性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：膜侧沟播栽培可以有效提高油菜叶绿素和干物质积累量，改善油菜群体茎枝配置，但随覆膜时间的减少，油菜分枝部位、主花序长度和千粒重升高，株高、有效分枝数、有效角果数、每角粒数和单株产量降低。与不覆膜相比，覆膜栽培油菜增产4.40%~26.18%，油菜籽粒中含油量和蛋白质含量增加0.18%~2.48%，芥酸和硫甙含量降低0.21%~12.65%。膜侧沟播栽培不仅能提高油菜产量，改善油菜籽粒品质，而且在生育前期覆膜更有利于形成高产、高品质的油菜植株。

关键词: 油菜, 膜侧沟播, 农艺性状, 产量, 品质