Abstract: Opisthopappus  has only two species of Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih and Opisthopappus longilobus Shih, which are only distributed in mountainous crevices of high-altitude regions and have a special living environment. In order to analyze the survival mechanism of Opisthopappus plants in special habitat, pH, alkali-N, olsen-P and avail-K contents in rhizosphere soil of O. taihangensis and O. longilobus under wild conditions were detected, and the high-throughput sequencing analysis of rhizosphere microorganisms was carried out. The results showed that the pH of the soil samples was nearly neutral, and the available alkali-N, olsen-P and avail-K contents were low. Miseq sequencing of rhizosphere microorganism showed that Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria of O. taihangensis and O. longilobus, Ascomycota was their dominant fungi.  The rhizosphere bacterial diversity index of O. taihangensis was higher than that of O. longilobus, while the rhizosphere fungal diversity index of O. taihangensis was lower than that of O. longilobus. The richness of nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle and photosynthetic microorganisms in O. taihangensis were higher than those in O. longilobus, while the richness of stress-resistant microorganisms in O. taihangensis was higher than that in O. longilobus. The diversities of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere of O. taihangensis and O. longilobus were significant or extremely significant negative correlated with pH, alkali-N, olsen-P and avail-K of soil. The present research provided an important theoretical basis for the study of ecological adaptation mechanism, scientific protection, development and utilization of Opisthopappus species.

Key words: Opisthopappus sp., rhizosphere, microorganism, diversity

摘要： 太行菊属有太行菊[Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih ]和长裂太行菊（Opisthopappus longilobus Shih）两个种，该属植物仅分布在高海拔地区岩石夹缝中，生存环境较特殊。为了解析太行菊属植物特殊生境的生存机制，对野生条件下的长裂太行菊和太行菊根际土壤的pH、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量进行检测，并对根际微生物进行高通量测序分析。结果表明，供试土样pH近中性，可利用碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量较低，土壤较为贫瘠。根际微生物高通量测序显示，放线菌门为太行菊和长裂太行菊根际土壤的优势细菌门，子囊菌门是优势真菌门。太行菊根际细菌多样性指数均大于长裂太行菊，而其根际真菌多样性指数均小于长裂太行菊。长裂太行菊的氮循环、碳循环和光合功能微生物的丰富度均高于太行菊，而太行菊的抗逆功能微生物的丰富度高于长裂太行菊。太行菊和长裂太行菊的根际细菌和真菌多样性与土壤pH、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均存在显著或极显著负相关。研究结果为太行菊属植物特殊生境生态适应机制研究及其科学保护和开发利用提供理论基础。

关键词: 太行菊属, 根际, 微生物, 多样性