Abstract:

To analyze the differences of agronomic characters and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Pinellia ternata from different habitats in the same experimental field， the biennial Pinellia ternata germplasms from 20 producing areas were used as experimental materials. The agronomic traits， photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in the agronomic traits of Pinellia ternata germplasms from different producing areas， among them， Pinellia ternata from Shangluo of Shaanxi had the tallest plants and bulbs， Pinellia ternata from Guiyang， Guizhou had the largest leaf area， but Pinellia ternata from Baoding of Hebei had the lowest agronomic traits. The photosynthetic parameters of Pinellia ternata germplasms from different producing areas were significantly differences， and it was speculated that their photosynthetic characteristics and light energy utilization rate were quite different. Pinellia ternata germplasms from Sichuan and Guizhou were provenances with higher photosynthetic growth potential. Correlation analysis showed that net photosynthetic rate（P_n） was very significantly positively （P<0.01） correlated with stomatal conductance（G_s）， water use rate （WUE）， maximal fluorescence（F_m）， electron transport rate （ETR） and chlorophyll a （Chl a）， and was significantly positively （P<0.05） correlated with chlorophyll b （Chl b）. Principal component analysis showed that seed ball diameter， mesoflobed leaf length， plant height， transpiration rate （T_r）， photochemical quenching （q_P） and intercellular CO₂ concentration （C_i） were the main indexes affecting Pinellia ternata growth. Cluster analysis found that Pinellia ternata germplasms from Sichuan， Guizhou， Gansu， Henan， Hunan and Shaanxi with relatively high agronomic traits and strong photosynthetic potential were clustered into class I， and Pinellia ternata germplasms from Baoding， Xingtai， Zhangjiakou and Wenshan with lower agronomic traits and photosynthetic potential were clustered into class Ⅱ. In conclusion， Pinellia ternata germplasms from Sichuan， Guizhou， Gansu， Henan， Hunan and Shaanxi had obvious advantages and good cultivation prospects. Above results provided theoretical basis for breeding of Pinellia ternata.

Key words: different producing areas, Pinellia ternata, agronomic character, photosynthetic physiology, chlorophyll fluorescence

摘要：

为分析不同产地半夏在同一试验地的农艺性状及光合生理特性差异，以2年生20个不同产地的半夏为试验材料，测定其农艺性状、光合生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明，不同产地半夏在农艺性状上存在显著差异，其中，陕西商洛产半夏的植株最高、种球最大；贵州贵阳产半夏的叶面积最大；河北保定产半夏的农艺性状整体较低。不同产地半夏的光合参数也存在明显差异，推测其光合特性和光能利用率具有较大差别，四川和贵州产半夏具有较高光合潜力。相关性分析发现，净光合速率（net photosynthetic rate，P_n）与气孔导度（stomatal conductance，G_s）、水分利用率（water use rate，WUE）、最大荧光（maximal fluorescence，F_m）、电子传递速率（electron transport rate，ETR）和叶绿素a（chlorophyll a）含量呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关，与叶绿素b（chlorophyll b）含量呈显著（P<0.05）正相关。主成分分析发现，种球直径、中裂叶长、株高、蒸腾速率（transpiration rate，T_r）、光化学淬灭系数（photochemical quenching，q_P）和胞间CO₂浓度（intercellular CO₂ concentration，C_i）是影响半夏生长的主要指标。聚类分析发现，四川、贵州、甘肃、河南、湖南和陕西等产地的半夏农艺性状表现较好，且具有较强的光合潜力，被聚为第Ⅰ类；保定、邢台、张家口和文山等产半夏的各项指标较低，被聚为第Ⅱ类。综上所述，四川、贵州、甘肃、河南、湖南和陕西的半夏种源具有明显优势，有良好的培育前景。以上研究结果为半夏良种选育提供了理论依据。

关键词: 不同产地, 半夏, 农艺性状, 光合生理, 叶绿素荧光