Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Garlic Vertically-planting and Fertilizing Integrated Machine

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0266

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking into account the current low mechanization status of garlic planting， a self-propelled garlic vertically-planting and fertilizing integrated machine was invented， and early field experiments were conducted. The machine used seed spoons and garlic chains to work together to fetch and transport each of the garlic seeds， and used a parallel four-link structure to vertically plant the garlic seeds and an outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger to achieve fertilizer supply. By using a hydraulic system， the single-seed picking system and the garlic vertically-planting system attached to the rear tailstock frame could meet the needs of switching between transportation and planting states， and the whole machine could be held up to accomplish in-situ turning. The radius of the planting disc was determined to be 162.5 mm when the distance between garlic plants was 120 mm and 6 duck beaks were installed in the circumferential direction of the vertically-planting system， and the edge curve of the duck beak opening disc was determined accordingly. In order to increase structural performance and save weight， the frame and tailstock assembly were profile-optimized using ANSYS Workbench based on the study of the frame’s statics， modal and frequency response. Field experiments showed that the machine’s appropriate planting depth was about 6 cm， and it shouldn’t be utilized for planting operations at lesser depths. In the circumstance of seeding depth of 6 cm， when the planting rate was greater than 15 m·min^-1， the reseeding rate was less than 3.0%， and when the planting rate was greater than 18 m·min^-1， the missing planting rate was greater than 5%. Overall， the machine’s acceptable planting rate was about 15 m·min^-1， with the corresponding vertically planting rate about 85%， and the pass rate of planting depth generally greater than 90%， which effectively ensured that the garlic seeds could be vertically planted in appropriate planting depth. When the fertilization depth was greater than 5 cm， the fertilization stability coefficient was close to 0.95， indicating that relatively strong fertilization stability could be attained. The entire machine had met the predetermined conditions in the vertically-planting and fertilizing integrated function.

Key words: vertically-planting of garlic, planting and fertilizing integrated, self-propelled, structural optimization, field experiments

摘要：

针对当前大蒜种植机械化程度低的现状，设计了一款自走式大蒜正芽播种施肥一体化机具，并进行了初步的田间试验。机具采用链勺方式实现大蒜单粒取种和输送，采用平行四连杆和双鸭嘴结构实现正芽栽植，采用外槽轮排肥器实现肥料供给，基于液压装置实现后尾架及其附属单粒取种和正芽栽植系统举升，满足运输和播施状态切换，并具有机具原位调头能力。在大蒜种植株距为120 mm，正芽栽植器周向安装6只插播鸭嘴条件下，确定栽植圆盘半径为162.5 mm，并据此设计鸭嘴打开圆盘边缘曲线；基于ANSYS Workbench，在评估机架静力学、模态及频率响应的基础上对机架和后尾架组合体进行型材优选，实现结构性能提升和减重。田间试验结果表明，机具整体上适宜播种深度约为6 cm，不宜将其用于较浅深度下的播种作业；播种深度为6 cm条件下，播种速度高于15 m·min^-1时重播率低于3.0%，播种速度大于18 m·min^-1时漏播率高于5%，机具适宜播种速度约15 m·min^-1；此时，对应机具播种正芽率高于85%，播深合格率高于90%，能有效保证符合深度的大蒜正芽栽植；较大的预设施肥深度能够取得更高的施肥稳定系数，当施肥深度大于5 cm时，施肥稳定系数接近0.95，施肥稳定性较好。整机在播施功能的实现上达到了预定要求。

关键词: 大蒜正芽播种, 播施一体, 自走式, 结构优化, 田间试验

CLC Number:

TP391.41

Xiang DAI, Haichao SONG, Chuan SU. Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Garlic Vertically-planting and Fertilizing Integrated Machine[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(9): 131-144.

代祥, 宋海潮, 苏川. 自走式大蒜正芽播种施肥机设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(9): 131-144.

Figures/Tables 19

References 25

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参数 Parameter	数值 Value
整机尺寸Overall size/mm	2 360×1 150×1 050
播种行数Number of seeded rows	5
施肥行数Number of fertilization rows	4
播种行距Seeding row spacing/mm	180
标准株距Standard plant spacing （D_P）/mm	120
理论播种速度Theoretical seeding rate（V_b） /（m·min^-1）	10~20
理论播种深度Theoretical seeding depth/cm	<6
作业生产率Working productivity	0.08
施肥深度Fertilization depth/cm	<6
施药喷头数Number of nozzles	2

参数 Parameter	数值 Value
整机尺寸Overall size/mm	2 360×1 150×1 050
播种行数Number of seeded rows	5
施肥行数Number of fertilization rows	4
播种行距Seeding row spacing/mm	180
标准株距Standard plant spacing （D_P）/mm	120
理论播种速度Theoretical seeding rate（V_b） /（m·min^-1）	10~20
理论播种深度Theoretical seeding depth/cm	<6
作业生产率Working productivity	0.08
施肥深度Fertilization depth/cm	<6
施药喷头数Number of nozzles	2

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	A：播种速度Seeding speed/（m·min^-1）	B：播种深度Seeding depth/cm
1	12	4
2	15	5
3	18	6

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	A：播种速度Seeding speed/（m·min^-1）	B：播种深度Seeding depth/cm
1	12	4
2	15	5
3	18	6

编号NO.	钢材型号（高×宽×厚）^［23］ Steel type （height×width×thickness）/mm^［23］		最大等效应力 Maximum equivalent stress/MPa	1阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 1^st order/Hz	2阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 2^nd order/Hz	3阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 3^rd order/Hz	4阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 4^th order/Hz	5阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 5^th order/Hz	6阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 6^th order/Hz	机架和后尾架合计质量Total mass of frame and tailstock frame/kg
编号NO.	机架 Frame	后尾架Tailstock frame	最大等效应力 Maximum equivalent stress/MPa	1阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 1^st order/Hz	2阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 2^nd order/Hz	3阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 3^rd order/Hz	4阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 4^th order/Hz	5阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 5^th order/Hz	6阶固有频率Natural frequency of the 6^th order/Hz	机架和后尾架合计质量Total mass of frame and tailstock frame/kg
1	40×40×3	40×40×3	563.10	14.36	28.55	33.52	46.46	61.00	65.14	61.44
2	40×40×4	40×40×3	308.20	18.23	27.44	38.96	55.05	66.75	68.97	69.68
3	40×40×4	40×40×4	281.40	13.57	17.22	36.68	58.97	60.24	86.20	75.29
4	50×50×4	50×50×3	273.50	12.52	16.58	34.53	57.68	61.23	79.65	86.15
5	50×50×4	50×50×4	259.23	11.71	16.75	33.95	59.63	62.34	82.34	93.69