不同耕作模式下穴苗数对北方粳稻品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0745

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确不同耕作模式下穴苗数对北方粳稻品质的影响，选用垦粳8号为材料，采用二因素裂区设计，研究耕作模式（A1：常规耕作；A2：垄作双深）和穴苗数（B1：3 苗·穴^-1；B2：6 苗·穴^-1；B3：9 苗·穴^-1；B4：12 苗·穴^-1）对稻米品质的影响。结果表明，垄作双深模式显著提高了稻米的加工品质和食味值；随着穴苗数增加，加工品质和外观品质均呈下降趋势，表现为B1>B2>B3>B4。其中，随着穴苗数增加，直链淀粉含量呈上升趋势；蛋白质含量呈下降趋势；而食味值先升高再降低，以B2处理最高，为82.46分，分别较B1、B3、B4处理提高1.47、0.20、0.15分。研究结果为垄作双深新模式的高产优质合理密植提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 北方粳稻, 耕作模式, 穴苗数, 品质

Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence of the number of hole seedlings on the quality of northern japonica rice under different tillage modes， Kenjing 8 was selected as the material， and the two-factor split area design was adopted to study the tillage mode （A1： conventional tillage； A2： double-deep ridge planting） and the number of hole seedlings （B1： 3 seedlings per hole； B2： 6 seedlings per hole； B3： 9 seedlings per hole； B4： 12 seedlings per hole） influence on rice quality. The results showed that the double-deep ridge planting mode significantly improved the processing quality and taste value of rice. With the increase of seedlings per hole， the processing quality and appearance quality showed a downward trend， manifested as B1>B2>B3>B4. With the increase of seedlings per hole， the amylose content showed an upward trend， the protein content showed a downward trend， while the edible value firstly increased and then decreased. The edible value of B2 treatment was the highest with 82.46 scores， which was higher than those of B1， B3 and B4 treatments by 1.47， 0.20 and 0.15 scores， respectively. It should provide theoretical basis and technical support for the high-yield， high-quality and reasonable dense planting of the new double-deep ridge cropping model.

Key words: northern japonica, farming mode, seedlings per hole, quality

中图分类号:

S511.2+2

张家智, 王文玉, 王兴宇, 张常钰, 石书文, 何雨宣, 周红媛, 刘丽华, 郑桂萍. 不同耕作模式下穴苗数对北方粳稻品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(7): 150-158.

Jiazhi ZHANG, Wenyu WANG, Xingyu WANG, Changyu ZHANG, Shuwen SHI, Yuxuan HE, Hongyuan ZHOU, Lihua LIU, Guiping ZHENG. Effect of Hole Seedling Number on Quality of Northern Japonica Rice Under Different Cultivation Modes[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(7): 150-158.

图/表 10

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耕作模式 Tillage pattern	穴苗处理 Seedling treatment	施肥位置 Fertilizer placement	基肥 Base fertilizer			分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer	调节肥 Regulating fertilizer	穗肥 Panicle fertilizer
耕作模式 Tillage pattern	穴苗处理 Seedling treatment	施肥位置 Fertilizer placement	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	N	K₂O
A1	B1	全层Whole layers	78.00	57.55	60.12	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B2	全层Whole layers	78.00	57.55	60.12	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B3	全层Whole layers	78.00	57.55	60.12	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B4	全层Whole layers	78.00	57.55	60.12	10.35	10.35	31.13
A2	B1	上层Upper layer	30.50	23.62	23.93	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B1	下层Sublayer	47.50	33.93	36.19	—	—	—
	B2	上层Upper layer	30.50	23.62	23.93	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B2	下层Sublayer	47.50	33.93	36.19	—	—	—
	B3	上层Upper layer	30.50	23.62	23.93	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B3	下层Sublayer	47.50	33.93	36.19	—	—	—
	B4	上层Upper layer	30.50	23.62	23.93	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B4	下层Sublayer	47.50	33.93	36.19	—	—	—

耕作模式 Tillage pattern	穴苗处理 Seedling treatment	施肥位置 Fertilizer placement	基肥 Base fertilizer			分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer	调节肥 Regulating fertilizer	穗肥 Panicle fertilizer
耕作模式 Tillage pattern	穴苗处理 Seedling treatment	施肥位置 Fertilizer placement	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	N	K₂O
A1	B1	全层Whole layers	78.00	57.55	60.12	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B2	全层Whole layers	78.00	57.55	60.12	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B3	全层Whole layers	78.00	57.55	60.12	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B4	全层Whole layers	78.00	57.55	60.12	10.35	10.35	31.13
A2	B1	上层Upper layer	30.50	23.62	23.93	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B1	下层Sublayer	47.50	33.93	36.19	—	—	—
	B2	上层Upper layer	30.50	23.62	23.93	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B2	下层Sublayer	47.50	33.93	36.19	—	—	—
	B3	上层Upper layer	30.50	23.62	23.93	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B3	下层Sublayer	47.50	33.93	36.19	—	—	—
	B4	上层Upper layer	30.50	23.62	23.93	10.35	10.35	31.13
	B4	下层Sublayer	47.50	33.93	36.19	—	—	—

处理 Treatment		糙米率 BRR/%	精米率 PRR/%	整精米率 HRR/%
A1		82.03±0.71 bB	71.25±0.60 bB	60.78±0.71 bB
A2		82.70±0.75 aA	71.57±0.60 aA	63.05±0.61 aA
B1		83.28±0.32 aA	72.20±0.31 aA	62.77±1.26 aA
B2		82.63±0.49 bB	71.56±0.17 bB	62.06±0.99 bB
B3		82.10±0.58 cC	71.12±0.29 cC	61.58±1.33 cC
B4		81.47±0.24 dD	70.77±0.38 dC	61.26±1.50 cC
F检验 F test	F_A	64.89^**	9.55^**	414.28^**
	F_B	86.29^**	36.58^**	34.85^**
	F_A×B	2.51	0.33	2.56

处理 Treatment		糙米率 BRR/%	精米率 PRR/%	整精米率 HRR/%
A1		82.03±0.71 bB	71.25±0.60 bB	60.78±0.71 bB
A2		82.70±0.75 aA	71.57±0.60 aA	63.05±0.61 aA
B1		83.28±0.32 aA	72.20±0.31 aA	62.77±1.26 aA
B2		82.63±0.49 bB	71.56±0.17 bB	62.06±0.99 bB
B3		82.10±0.58 cC	71.12±0.29 cC	61.58±1.33 cC
B4		81.47±0.24 dD	70.77±0.38 dC	61.26±1.50 cC
F检验 F test	F_A	64.89^**	9.55^**	414.28^**
	F_B	86.29^**	36.58^**	34.85^**
	F_A×B	2.51	0.33	2.56

处理 Treatment		一次枝梗Primary branch				二次枝梗Secondary branch
处理 Treatment		谷粒长 Grain length/mm	谷粒宽 Grain width/mm	谷粒厚 Grain thickness/mm	长宽比 Aspect ratio	谷粒长 Grain length/mm	谷粒宽 Grain width/mm	谷粒厚 Grain thickness/mm	长宽比 Aspect ratio
A1		6.933±0.15 aA	3.280±0.11 aA	2.265±0.07 aA	2.115±0.04 aA	6.643±0.17 aA	3.214±0.9 aA	2.236±0.07 aA	2.068±0.05 aA
A2		6.847±0.14 aA	3.291±0.10 aA	2.281±0.05 aA	2.081±0.05 aA	6.587±0.16 aA	3.204±0.07 aA	2.238±0.05 aA	2.055±0.05 aA
B1		7.038±0.19 aA	3.370±0.07 aA	2.330±0.06 aA	2.090±0.04 aA	6.653±0.24 aA	3.267±0.10 aA	2.273±0.08 aA	2.037±0.04 aA
B2		6.878±0.13 bAB	3.272±0.11 abA	2.273±0.06 bAB	2.103±0.05 aA	6.602±0.09 aA	3.230±0.02 aAB	2.252±0.03 aA	2.045±0.02 aA
B3		6.826±0.08 bB	3.222±0.10 bA	2.242±0.02 bB	2.120±0.05 aA	6.550±0.13 aA	3.133±0.04 bB	2.207±0.03 aA	2.090±0.06 aA
B4		6.815±0.07 bB	3.278±0.08 abA	2.248±0.03 bB	2.078±0.05 aA	6.655±0.18 aA	3.207±0.07 abAB	2.218±0.07 aA	2.075±0.07 aA
F检验 F test	F_A	3.22	0.07	0.90	3.48	0.61	0.13	0.01	0.29
	F_B	4.63^*	2.24	6.44^**	0.96	0.47	4.07^*	2.20	1.02
	F_A×B	1.62	0.91	4.62^*	0.47	0.98	0.98	2.32	0.11