中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 180-188.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0781

• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇    

草甘膦对大豆田土壤养分及其功能酶活性的影响

陈奎元(), 刘卉, 丁伟()   

  1. 东北农业大学农学院植保系,哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-06 接受日期:2021-11-22 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 丁伟
  • 作者简介:陈奎元 E-mail: 479115079@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08011-003);黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才培养计划项目(UNPYSCT-2018159)

Effect of Glyphosate on Soil Nutrient and the Functional Enzyme Activities in Soybean Fields

Kuiyuan CHEN(), Hui LIU, Wei DING()   

  1. Department of Plant Protection,School of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China
  • Received:2021-09-06 Accepted:2021-11-22 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-06-06
  • Contact: Wei DING

摘要:

为探究草甘膦对大豆田土壤养分及其功能酶活性的影响,以转基因抗草甘膦大豆呼交06-698为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究了1.2、2.4、3.6 kg·hm-2草甘膦对大豆田土壤氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)及其功能酶活性的影响。2年试验结果均表明,在草甘膦2.4 kg·hm-2和3.6 kg·hm-2用量下,大豆田土壤碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、脲酶、纤维素酶、磷酸酶和根瘤固氮酶活性显著降低,降低峰值分别为10.57%、11.30%、67.66%、40.62%、45.88%和74.49%,过氧化氢酶活性显著升高,2年间的升高峰值为131.93%,速效钾含量不受草甘膦影响。这种影响随草甘膦施用后时间延长而逐步恢复正常,长时间不会对土壤养分及其功能酶活性带来不利影响。通过主成分与综合评价方法分析,草甘膦用量为2.4和3.6 kg·hm-2时,以土壤N、P、K养分及其功能酶活性为主成分的土壤质量均高于CK。研究结果可为农田生态系统可持续利用和转基因抗草甘膦大豆商业化种植提供理论依据。

关键词: 草甘膦, 大豆田, 土壤养分, 土壤酶

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of glyphosate on soil nutrients and the functional enzyme activities in soybean fields, this paper investigated the effect of 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 kg·hm-2 of glyphosate on soil nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium (K) and the functional enzyme activities in soybean fields using a field experiment with transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean Hujiao 06-698 as material. The results of 2 years of trials showed that the content of soil alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus, and the enzyme activities of urease, cellulase, phosphatase and nodule nitrogenase activities were significantly reduced with peaks of 10.57%, 11.30%, 67.66%, 40.62%, 45.88% and 74.49%, respectively, and catalase activity was significantly increased with peaks of 131.93% in the two years in soybean fields at 2.4 kg·hm-2 and 3.6 kg·hm-2 of glyphosate use rate, while available potassium content was not affected by glyphosate. However, this effect gradually returned to normal with time the extension of time after glyphosate application and did not bring adverse effect on soil nutrients and the functional enzyme activities for a long time. The soil quality analyzed by principal component and integrated evaluation methods with soil N, P and K nutrients and the functional enzyme activities as the main components was higher than that of CK at 2.4 kg·hm-2 and 3.6 kg·hm-2 of glyphosate use rate.The results of the research can provide a theoretical basis for sustainable utilization of farmland ecosystem and commercial planting of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybeans.

Key words: glyphosate, soybean field, soil nutrients, soil enzymes

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