新疆伊犁昭苏不同动物源粪肠球菌耐药性及耐药基因检测

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0200

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为掌握新疆伊犁昭苏地区不同动物源粪肠球菌的耐药性及耐药基因携带情况，在伊犁昭苏地区各散养户采集鸡的泄殖腔拭子及羊、牛的鼻拭子和肛拭子样品共1 120份，从中分离粪肠球菌，通过琼脂稀释法进行药敏试验，采用PCR方法检测其携带的相关耐药基因。结果表明，共分离鉴定出粪肠球菌263株，分离率23.5%，不同动物源粪肠球菌的耐药严重程度由高到低依次是羊源、鸡源和牛源。其中，羊源粪肠球菌对红霉素、四环素、氟苯尼考、多西环素的耐药率均大于75.0%，显著高于鸡源和牛源粪肠球菌（P<0.05）；鸡源粪肠球菌对抗菌药物的耐药率在0~50.0%之间；牛源粪肠球菌对抗菌药物耐药率均在21.1%以下；所有粪肠球菌对氨苄西林和万古霉素完全敏感。外排泵基因emeA在不同来源粪肠球菌中的检出率均高于80.0%；ermB、fexA、optrA、tet（M）和aph（3’）-Ⅲ基因在羊源粪肠球菌中的检出率高于70.0%，与耐药情况基本一致；未检出cfr、ermC和poxtA基因。不同动物源粪肠球菌对抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性，且耐药基因型与耐药表型基本一致，建议当地加强动物源粪肠球菌耐药性和耐药基因的定期检测，针对其耐药性和耐药基因的流行情况对不同动物进行合理的用药安排。

关键词: 不同动物源, 粪肠球菌, 耐药性, 耐药基因, 检测

Abstract:

In order to master the drug resistance and drug resistance gene carried by Enterococcus faecalis from different animal sources in Zhaosu， Yili， Xinjiang， a total of 1 120 samples from cloacal swabs （chicken）， nasal swabs and anal swabs （sheep， cattle） were collected from free-range farmers in Zhaosu， Yili， Xinjiang. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from swabs. Drug susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis were tested by agar dilution method， and the related resistance genes were detected by PCR method. The results showed a total of 263 strains of Enterococcus faecalis were isolated and identified with an isolation rate of 23.5%. The resistance of different animal-derived Enterococcus faecalis from high to low was sheep， chicken and cattle sources. The resistances of Enterococcus faecalis from sheep were more than 75.0% to erythromycin， tetracycline， florfenicol and doxycycline， which was significantly higher than chicken-derived and cattle-derived Enterococcus faecalis； the resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis from chicken were 0~50.0%； the resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis from cattle were lower than 21.1%； all Enterococcus faecalis were fully sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin. The detection rates of efflux pump gene emeA in Enterococcus faecalis from different sources were all higher than 80.0%. The detection rates of ermB， fexA， optrA， tet（M） and aph（3’）-Ⅲgenes from sheep were more than 70.0%， which were basically the same as drug resistance situation. The genesof cfr， ermC and poxtA were not detected. Different animal-derived Enterococcus faecalis showed different degrees of resistance to antibiotics， and the drug-resistant genotypes were basically the same as the drug-resistant phenotype. It was recommended to strengthen the regular detection of drug resistance and drug resistance genes of animal-derived Enterococcus faecalis，and arranged rational drug administration for different animals according to the prevalence of drug resistance and drug resistance genes.

Key words: different animal sources, Enterococcus faecalis, drug resistance, drug resistance gene, detection

中图分类号:

S858

徐琦琦, 陈月月, 李宏博, 陈万昭, 秦蕾, 王东, 夏利宁. 新疆伊犁昭苏不同动物源粪肠球菌耐药性及耐药基因检测[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(9): 140-146.

Qiqi XU, Yueyue CHEN, Hongbo LI, Wanzhao CHEN, Lei QIN, Dong WANG, Lining XIA. Detection of Drug Resistance and Drug Resistance Genes of Enterococcus faecalis from Different Animal Sources in Zhaosu， Yili， Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 140-146.

图/表 4

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样品来源 Sample source	样品数 Number of samples	菌株数 Number of strains	分离率 Isolation rate/%
鸡源 Chicken source	300	64	21.3
羊鼻拭子 Sheep nose swab	210	40	19.0
羊肛拭子 Sheep anal swab	210	60	28.6
牛鼻拭子 Bovine nose swab	200	42	21.0
牛肛拭子 Bovine anal swab	200	57	28.5
总计Total	1 120	263	23.5

样品来源 Sample source	样品数 Number of samples	菌株数 Number of strains	分离率 Isolation rate/%
鸡源 Chicken source	300	64	21.3
羊鼻拭子 Sheep nose swab	210	40	19.0
羊肛拭子 Sheep anal swab	210	60	28.6
牛鼻拭子 Bovine nose swab	200	42	21.0
牛肛拭子 Bovine anal swab	200	57	28.5
总计Total	1 120	263	23.5

药物名称 Drug name	耐药率Resistance rate/%					P值 P value
药物名称 Drug name	鸡源 Chicken source	羊鼻拭子 Sheep nose swab	羊肛拭子 Sheep anal swab	牛鼻拭子 Bovine nose swab	牛肛拭子 Bovine anal swab	P值 P value
红霉素Erythromycin	36.0 b	77.5 a	78.3 a	2.4 c	7.0 c	0.000
庆大霉素Gentamicin	9.0 a	12.5 a	3.3 a	14.3 a	19.3 a	0.070
四环素Tetracycline	48.4 b	85.0 a	81.7 a	7.1 c	12.3 c	0.000
利奈唑胺Linezolid	20.3 b	42.5 a	6.7 c	2.4 c	0.0	0.000
氟苯尼考Florfenicol	26.6 b	90.0 a	78.3 a	16.7 b	21.1 b	0.000
环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin	6.2 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	2.4 a	1.8 a	0.181
氨苄西林Ampicillin	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	—
左氧氟沙星Levofloxacin	3.1 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	—
多西环素Doxycycline	50.0 b	90.0 a	80.0 a	4.8 c	14.0 c	0.000
万古霉素Vancomycin	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	—

药物名称 Drug name	耐药率Resistance rate/%					P值 P value
药物名称 Drug name	鸡源 Chicken source	羊鼻拭子 Sheep nose swab	羊肛拭子 Sheep anal swab	牛鼻拭子 Bovine nose swab	牛肛拭子 Bovine anal swab	P值 P value
红霉素Erythromycin	36.0 b	77.5 a	78.3 a	2.4 c	7.0 c	0.000
庆大霉素Gentamicin	9.0 a	12.5 a	3.3 a	14.3 a	19.3 a	0.070
四环素Tetracycline	48.4 b	85.0 a	81.7 a	7.1 c	12.3 c	0.000
利奈唑胺Linezolid	20.3 b	42.5 a	6.7 c	2.4 c	0.0	0.000
氟苯尼考Florfenicol	26.6 b	90.0 a	78.3 a	16.7 b	21.1 b	0.000
环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin	6.2 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	2.4 a	1.8 a	0.181
氨苄西林Ampicillin	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	—
左氧氟沙星Levofloxacin	3.1 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	—
多西环素Doxycycline	50.0 b	90.0 a	80.0 a	4.8 c	14.0 c	0.000
万古霉素Vancomycin	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a	—

耐药性 Resistance	鸡肛拭子 Chicken source	羊鼻拭子 Sheep nose swab	羊肛拭子 Sheep anal swab	牛鼻拭子 Bovine nose swab	牛肛拭子 Bovine anal swab	合计 Total
0耐 0 resistance	45.3	10.0	16.7	64.3	52.6	38.0
1耐 1 resistance	3.1	0.0	1.7	26.2	22.8	10.3
2耐 2 resistance	12.5	2.5	1.7	4.8	21.1	9.1
3耐 3 resistance	9.4	2.5	1.7	4.8	3.5	4.6
4耐 4 resistance	7.8	50.0	73.3	0.0	0.0	26.2
5耐 5 resistance	18.8	25.0	5.0	0.0	0.0	9.5
6耐 6 resistance	3.1	10.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.3