亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料研究现状及发展展望

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0738

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚麻纤维具有断裂强度高、伸长变形小、弯曲性好、扭转刚度大等特点，因此亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料是一种应用前景广阔的土木工程材料。从亚麻纤维物理化学性质、亚麻纤维对水泥基复合材料性能的影响、亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料性能改善方法3个方面系统阐述了亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料的研究现状与存在问题。提出未来发展趋势：加强用亚麻纤维替代聚丙烯纤维制备水泥基复合材料；揭示潮湿情况下亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料性能演变规律；在三轴应力、潮湿条件耦合作用下构建亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料力学损伤模型；从增加亚麻纤维本体强度、改善亚麻纤维和水泥基材料界面黏结性角度来提高亚麻水泥基复合材料的应用性能。

关键词: 亚麻纤维, 水泥基, 复合材料, 研究现状, 发展趋势

Abstract:

In comparison to the traditional fibers， flax fiber has many features， i.e. high fracture strength， small tensile deformation， better bending and large torsion stiffness. Flax fiber cement-based materials are the civil engineer materials with the broad application prospects. The research statuses and the existing problems of cement-based materials with flax fiber were discussed from 3 aspects， i.e. the physical and chemical properties of flax fiber， the role of flax fiber on the behaviors of cement-based materials， the properties improvement of cement-based materials with flax fiber. Based on above investigation results， the following research directions were drawn： enhance the using of flax fiber to replace polypropylene fiber on cement-based materials； revel the long-term properties of cement-based materials with flax fiber at the wet conditions； build the damage model of flax fiber cement-based composite materials under the combined actions of three-axis stress and wet conditions； improve the application performance of cement-based composite materials with flax fiber through increasing itself strength of flax fiber and improving the interfacial adhesion between flax fiber and cement-based materials.

Key words: flax fiber, cement-based, composite materials, research status, development trend

中图分类号:

赵晖, 金辰华, 宣卫红, 徐海生. 亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料研究现状及发展展望[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(4): 153-163.

Hui ZHAO, Chenhua JIN, Weihong XUAN, Haisheng XU. Research Status and Development Prospects of Cement-based Composite Materials with Flax Fiber[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(4): 153-163.

图/表 8

图1 水泥基复合材料中常用纤维［14］

Fig. 1 Common fibers used in the cement-based composite materials ［14］

表1 天然纤维化学成分［27-29］

Table 1 Chemical compositions of natural fibers［27-29］

纤维种类 Fiber type	纤维素 Cellulose/%	半纤维 Hemicellulose/%	木质素 Lignin/%	果胶 Pectin/%	蜡质 Waxiness/%	灰分 Ash content/%	水分 Water content/%
亚麻纤维 Flax fiber	70.0~80.0	12.0~15.0	2.5~5.0	1.40~5.70	1.2~1.8	0.80~1.30	6.60
大麻纤维 Hemp fiber	50.0~70.0	14.0~16.0	7.0~9.0	5.00	—	2.85	9.25
剑麻纤维 Sisal fiber	65.8	12.0	8.0	2.00	—	—	—
黄麻纤维 Jute fiber	57.0~60.0	14.0~17.0	18.0	14.00	—	5.15	9.40
苎麻纤维 Ramie fiber	65.0~75.0	14.0~16.0	0.8~1.5	4.50	0.5~1.0	2.00~5.00	6.60
竹纤维 Bamboo fiber	55.0	20.0	25.0	0.38	—	1.20	—

表2 亚麻纤维与传统纤维的物理力学性能［33-35］

Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of flax fiber and traditional fibers［33-35］

纤维种类 Fiber type	密度 Density/（g·cm^-3）	抗拉强度 Flexural strength/MPa	弹性模量 Static modulus of elasticity/GPa	断裂拉长率 Elongation at break/%	比强度 Specific strength/ （MPa·cm³·g^-1）
亚麻纤维 Flax fiber	1.4~1.5	845~1 043	19	2.6	1 000~1 200
钢纤维 Steel fiber	7.8	380~1 400	200~210	3.5-4.0	80~90
玻璃纤维 Glass fiber	2.5	2 500	80	2.5	855
碳纤维 Carbon fiber	1.7	4 000	230~240	1.4~1.8	2 000~2 700
玄武岩纤维 Basalt fiber	2.6~2.8	3 300~3 800	90~95	2.7~3.5	1 200~1 500
聚丙烯纤维 Polypropylene fiber	0.9	400	58	8.2	1 840~1 890

图2 不同纤维掺量下新拌亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料的性能［36，39］

Fig. 2 Fresh properties of cement-based composite materials with flax fiber at different dosages［36，39］

图3 不同纤维掺量下养护28 d后的硬化亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料抗折强度和抗压强度［36，39］

Fig. 3 Flexural strength and compressive strength of hardened cement-based composite materials with flax fiber at different dosages after the water-curing for 28 d［36，39］

图4 不同掺量下掺加亚麻纤维和合成纤维的硬化水泥基复合材料阻裂效果比较［43］

Fig. 4 Comparative on the crack resistance of cement-based composite materials with flax fiber and synthetic fibers at different dosages［43］

图5 碱处理的亚麻纤维对水泥基复合材料性能的影响［58］

Fig. 5 Effect of alkaline treatment of flax fibers on the properties of cement-based composite materials［58］

图6 碱浓度对掺加改性亚麻纤维水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响［60］

Fig.6 Concentration of alkaline on the mechanical properties of hardened cement-based composite materials［60］

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