风沙土混拌刀具的改良设计与试验

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0937

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决风沙土改良设备研制中存在的核心问题，探讨混拌刀具与风沙土-改土材料间相互作用机理，以国标旋耕刀IT245为基础，分析其作用原理，在此基础上设计了专用于风沙土改良的混拌刀具，通过离散元仿真模拟及室内沙槽试验，以改土材料体积比为评价指标对国标刀及专用刀具5层深度下的混拌效果进行分析。结果显示，风沙土混拌刀具偏转角度越大，改土材料体积比越大，当深度150—120 mm、偏转角为60°时达到最大值（35.67%）；风沙土混拌刀具弯折角越大，改土材料体积比越大，当深度150—120 mm、弯折角为130°时达到最大值（36.02%）。风沙土混拌刀具与国标旋耕刀IT245混拌效果相比，深度越浅，改土材料体积比越大，混合效果越好，在深度90—60、60—30 mm时，偏转角60°的风沙土混拌刀具作业后改土材料体积比分别比IT245增加了3.19%、5.11%。研究结果为风沙土混拌刀具及风沙土治理机械的设计与优化提供依据。

关键词: 风沙土, 改土材料, 离散元, 混拌刀具, 混拌效果

Abstract:

In order to solve the core problems existing in the development of aeolian sand equipment and discuss the interaction mechanism between mixing cutter and aeolian sand-soil modification material， this paper analyzed its working principle based on the national standard rotary tiller IT245， and designed a special mixing cutter for aeolian sand improvement on this basis. Through the Discrete Element Method simulation and laboratory tests， the mixing effect of IT245 and special cutter at 5 depths was analyzed by using the ratio of soil modification material to sample volume as evaluation index. The larger the deflection angle was， the larger the volume ratio of the soil material was， and when the depth was 150-120 mm and deflection angle was 60°， the maximum value was 35.67%. The larger bending angle was， the larger volume ratio of soil modification material was， and when the depth was 150-120 mm， bending angle was 130°， the maximum value was 36.02%.The comparison results of mixing effect between aeolian sand mixing cutter and national standard rotary tiller IT245 showed the shallower the depth， the larger the volume ratio of the soil modification material， the better the mixing effect. when the depth was 90-60 and 60-30 mm， the volume ratio of soil modification material of aeolian sand and soil mixing cutter with deflection angle 60° increased by 3.19%， 5.11%， respectively. The mixing process and mixing effect of aeolian sand and soil modification material were studied， which provided basis for the design and optimization of aeolian sand mixing cutter and aeolian sand treatment machinery.

Key words: aeolian sand, soil modification materials, discrete element, mixing cutter, mixing effect

中图分类号:

S222.3

李明, 董帅, 庞永强, 燕洁华, 叶汪忠. 风沙土混拌刀具的改良设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(4): 87-96.

Ming LI, Shuai DONG, Yongqiang PANG, Jiehua YAN, Wangzhong YE. Design Improvement and Test of Aeolian Sand Mixing Cutter[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(4): 87-96.

图/表 15

图1 国标旋耕刀IT245［23］

Fig. 1 National standard rotary tiller IT245［23］

图2 刀具端点运动轨迹

Fig. 2 Motion path of cutter end

图3 风沙土混拌刀具结构

Fig. 3 Cutter structure of aeolian blown sand soil mixing

表1 风沙土粒径及占比

Table 1 Particle size and proportion of aeolian sand

D：粒径 Particle size/mm	占比 Proportion/%
D<0.075	0.65
0.075≤D<0.250	43.51
0.250≤D<0.500	53.47
0.500≤D<1.000	2.33
1.000≤D<2.000	0.02
D≥2.000	0.02

图4 风沙土仿真模型

Fig. 4 Simulation model of aeolian sand

表2 材料接触参数

Table 2 Material contact parameters

相互作用材料Interacting material	碰撞恢复系数 Recovery coefficient	静摩擦系数 Static friction coefficient	滚动摩擦系数 Rolling friction coefficient
风沙土-风沙土 Aeolian sand-aeolian sand	0.3	0.25	0.05
风沙土-改土材料 Aeolian sand-soil modification material	0.5	0.5	0.05
改土材料-改土材料 Soil modification material-soil modification material	0.23	0.6	0.05
风沙土-钢 Aeolian sand-steel	0.5	0.45	0.01
改土材料-钢 Soil modification material-steel	0.3	0.3	0.01

表3 材料本征参数

Table 3 Material intrinsic parameters

材料

Material

泊松比

Poisson’s ratio

剪切模量

Shear modulus/MPa

密度

Density/（kg·m^-3）

风沙土

Aeolian sand

0.3

11.5

2 650

改土材料

Soil modification material

0.4

241

钢

steel

0.3

7.9×10⁴

7 850

图5 混拌设备注：1—外罩；2—混拌刀具；3—刀库；4—刀轴。

Fig. 5 Mixing equipmentNote：1—Cover； 2—Mixing cutter； 3—Magazine； 4—Cutter shaft.

图6 混拌试验仿真模型注：1—改土材料；2—风沙土；3—沙槽；4—混拌设备。

Fig. 6 Simulation model of mixing testNote：1—Soil modification material； 2—Aeolian sand； 3—Sand trough；4—Mixing equipment.

图7 风沙土混拌试验台注：1—沙槽；2—挡沙板（角度可调）； 3—外罩； 4—旋耕刀辊； 5—传动皮带；6—机架；7—行进轮；8—拖动电机；9—行走减速机构。

Fig. 7 Sand soil mixing test benchNote：1—Sand trough； 2—Sand deflector （angle adjustable）； 3— Cover； 4—Rotary blade roller； 5—Drive belt； 6—Frame； 7—Traveling wheel； 8—Driving motor； 9—Traveling deceleration mechanism.

图8 仿真与室内试验结果对比

Fig. 8 Comparison between simulation and laboratory test results

图9 混拌过程

Fig. 9 Mixing process

图10 不同深度下不同偏转角改土材料体积比

Fig. 10 Volume ratio of different deflection angles at different depths

图11 不同深度下不同弯折角改土材料体积比

Fig. 11 Volume ratio of different bending angles at different depths

图12 国标旋耕刀与风沙土混拌刀具改土材料体积比

Fig. 12 Volume ratio of national standard rotary tiller and aeolian sand mixing cutter

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