寒旱区日光温室顶通风方式对温湿度与二氧化碳水平的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0197

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究寒冷干旱地区日光温室开启顶部通风口通风方式对室内温湿度及二氧化碳水平的影响，采用RS-485总线方式搭建温室环境监测系统，对通风时段温室内距地面20、80和180 cm处的温湿度及二氧化碳含量数据进行采集和分析。在此基础上利用最小二乘法建立通风前后温室20 cm高度作物区温湿度及二氧化碳含量回归模型与通风0.5 h室内温湿度及二氧化碳含量变化回归模型。结果表明，14：30前关闭通风口可使室内温度回升，开启顶部通风口通风使室内温度、相对湿度和二氧化碳含量接近室外；通风前后温室内不同位置的环境因子分布是非均匀的，温度最大相差11.6 ℃，相对湿度最大相差11.8%，二氧化碳含量最大相差68 μmol·mol^-1；回归模型决定系数均在0.567以上，表明各模型中自变量与因变量具有一定的相关性，可通过少数传感器的数据估算温室20 cm高度作物区及通风0.5 h室内温湿度及二氧化碳含量。以上研究结果为北方寒旱地区日光温室环境因子精准调控提供一定的理论依据与技术参考。

关键词: 日光温室, 顶部通风, 温湿度, 二氧化碳水平, 回归分析

Abstract:

In order to study the influence of the indoor temperature， humidity and carbon dioxide level in a solar greenhouse in cold and arid areas under the ventilation mode of opening the top vent on， the environmental monitoring system of the greenhouse was built by means of RS-485， and the data of temperature， humidity and carbon dioxide content at 20， 80 and 180 cm above the ground in the greenhouse during the ventilation period were collected and analyzed. On this basis， the least square method was used to establish the regression model of temperature， humidity and carbon dioxide content in the crop area at 20 cm height above the ground before and after ventilation， and the regression model of indoor temperature， humidity and carbon dioxide content change after ventilation for 0.5 h. The results showed that closing the vent before 14：30 could make the indoor temperature rise again， opening the top vent ventilation made the indoor temperature， relative humidity and carbon dioxide content close to the outdoor. The distribution of environmental factors in different positions in the greenhouse before and after ventilation was non-uniform， with the maximum difference of temperature 11.6 ℃， relative humidity 11.8% and carbon dioxide content 68 μmol·mol^-1. The coefficients of determination of the regression models were above 0.567， indicating that the independent variables in each model had a certain correlation with the dependent variables. It was possible to estimate the temperature， humidity and carbon dioxide content in the crop area at 20 cm height above the ground and the temperature， humidity and carbon dioxide content change after ventilation for 0.5 h through the data of a few sensors. Above results provided theoretical basis and technical reference for precise control of environmental factors of solar greenhouse in the northern cold and dry areas.

Key words: solar greenhouse, roof ventilation, temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide level, regression

中图分类号:

S625.5

李晓凯, 塔娜, 闫彩霞, 宋财柱, 郭梦杰. 寒旱区日光温室顶通风方式对温湿度与二氧化碳水平的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(12): 187-200.

Xiaokai LI, Tana, Caixia YAN, Caizhu SONG, Mengjie GUO. Influence of Roof Ventilation of Solar Greenhouse on Temperature and Humidity and Carbon Dioxide Level in Cold and Arid Regions[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(12): 187-200.

图/表 15

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模型 Model		自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
温度 Temperature	回归 Regression	6	183.404	30.567	14.768	0.000
	残差 Residual	31	64.166	2.070	—	—
	总计 Aggregate	37	247.571	—	—	—
湿度 Humidity	回归 Regression	6	1 315.014	219.169	22.162	0.000
	残差 Residual	31	306.565	9.889	—	—
	总计 Aggregate	37	1 621.579	—	—	—
CO₂含量 CO₂ content	回归 Regression	7	9 073.873	1 296.268	32.076	0.000
	残差 Residual	13	525.365	40.413	—	—
	总计 Aggregate	20	9 599.238	—	—	—

模型 Model		自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
温度 Temperature	回归 Regression	6	183.404	30.567	14.768	0.000
	残差 Residual	31	64.166	2.070	—	—
	总计 Aggregate	37	247.571	—	—	—
湿度 Humidity	回归 Regression	6	1 315.014	219.169	22.162	0.000
	残差 Residual	31	306.565	9.889	—	—
	总计 Aggregate	37	1 621.579	—	—	—
CO₂含量 CO₂ content	回归 Regression	7	9 073.873	1 296.268	32.076	0.000
	残差 Residual	13	525.365	40.413	—	—
	总计 Aggregate	20	9 599.238	—	—	—

常量/变量 Constant/variable	标准误差 Standard error			回归系数 Regression coefficient			P值 P value
常量/变量 Constant/variable	温度模型M1	湿度模型 M2	CO₂含量模型M3	温度模型M1	湿度模型 M2	CO₂含量模型M3	温度模型M1	湿度模型 M2	CO₂含量模型M3
常量 Constant	85.896	220.224	707.484	-1.423	-2.234	0.645	0.165	0.033	0.530
阵风速度 Gust velocity	0.211	0.530	1.688	-2.084	-2.134	0.425	0.045	0.041	0.678
室外温度 Outdoor temperature	0.106	0.294	0.714	1.602	2.595	-1.165	0.119	0.014	0.265
室外湿度 Outdoor humidity	0.048	0.103	0.369	-0.996	-2.060	-1.710	0.327	0.048	0.111
室内温度 Indoor temperature	0.133			3.317			0.002
室内湿度 Indoor humidity		0.146			1.765			0.087
室内CO₂含量 Indoor CO₂ content			0.073			2.810			0.015
太阳辐射强度 Solar radiation intensity	0.008	0.014	0.041	4.224	-4.755	-0.950	0.000	0.000	0.359
大气压强 Atmospheric pressure	0.945	2.473	7.722	1.535	2.468	-0.608	0.135	0.019	0.554
室外CO₂含量 Outdoor CO₂ content			0.106			7.453			0.000

常量/变量 Constant/variable	标准误差 Standard error			回归系数 Regression coefficient			P值 P value
常量/变量 Constant/variable	温度模型M1	湿度模型 M2	CO₂含量模型M3	温度模型M1	湿度模型 M2	CO₂含量模型M3	温度模型M1	湿度模型 M2	CO₂含量模型M3
常量 Constant	85.896	220.224	707.484	-1.423	-2.234	0.645	0.165	0.033	0.530
阵风速度 Gust velocity	0.211	0.530	1.688	-2.084	-2.134	0.425	0.045	0.041	0.678
室外温度 Outdoor temperature	0.106	0.294	0.714	1.602	2.595	-1.165	0.119	0.014	0.265
室外湿度 Outdoor humidity	0.048	0.103	0.369	-0.996	-2.060	-1.710	0.327	0.048	0.111
室内温度 Indoor temperature	0.133			3.317			0.002
室内湿度 Indoor humidity		0.146			1.765			0.087
室内CO₂含量 Indoor CO₂ content			0.073			2.810			0.015
太阳辐射强度 Solar radiation intensity	0.008	0.014	0.041	4.224	-4.755	-0.950	0.000	0.000	0.359
大气压强 Atmospheric pressure	0.945	2.473	7.722	1.535	2.468	-0.608	0.135	0.019	0.554
室外CO₂含量 Outdoor CO₂ content			0.106			7.453			0.000

模型 Model	常量/变量 Constant/variable	标准误差 Standard error	回归系数 Regression coefficient	P值 P value
温度 Temperature	常量 Constant	3.658	1.892	0.067
	室内温度 Indoor temperature	0.134	3.790	0.000
	太阳辐射强度 Solar radiation intensity	0.007	3.510	0.001
湿度 Humidity	常量 Constant	193.516	-3.597	0.001
	阵风速度 Gust velocity	0.473	-3.379	0.002
	室外温度 Outdoor temperature	0.240	4.507	0.000
	室外湿度 Outdoor humidity	0.106	-2.058	0.048
	太阳辐射强度 Solar radiation intensity	0.014	-5.210	0.000
	大气压强 Atmospheric pressure	2.132	3.989	0.000
CO₂含量 CO₂ content	常量 Constant	27.384	1.177	0.254
	室内CO₂含量 Indoor CO₂ content	0.068	2.790	0.012
	室外CO₂含量 Outdoor CO₂ content	0.088	8.217	0.000