贵州太子参生产全程机械化技术现状及对策

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0376

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太子参是贵州的道地药材，经过20年的发展，形成了集约化、规范化的种植模式，种植面积全国第一。但贵州太子参多种植于丘陵山地，受地形地貌和发展基础的影响，生产作业费时费力、效率低、机械化难度大。通过查阅文献及实地考察，结合贵州太子参的典型种植农艺与初加工工艺，简述了太子参全链条生产技术，分析了耕、种、管、收、初加工5个环节的机械化技术现状，指出太子参生产机械化存在的主要问题。基于此，提出太子参生产全程机械化对策建议，包括推行标准化种植，推动农机农艺融合及种植区宜机化改造；加大山地太子参块根播种、收获、去尾、分级等关键技术的研发力度，加强农机技术型人才培养，加快轻简型太子参播种机和收获机的研制，升级改造已有初加工机械设备，形成适度的初加工生产线。分析结果可为贵州太子参可持续性发展提供参考。

关键词: 中药材, 太子参, 全程机械化, 田间种植技术, 初加工技术

Abstract:

Radix Pseudostellariae is a local medicinal material in Guizhou， after 20 years of development， it has formed an intensive and standardized planting mode， and the planting area is the first in China. However， Guizhou Radix Pseudostellariae is mostly planted in hilly and mountainous areas， and due to the influence of topography and development foundation， the production operation is time-consuming， labor-intensive， inefficient， and difficult to mechanize. Through literature review and field investigation， combined with the typical planting agronomy and primary processing technology of Guizhou Radix Pseudostellariae， the production technology of the whole chain of Radix Pseudostellariae was briefly described， and the current status of mechanization technology in 5 links such as cultivation， planting， management， harvesting and primary processing was analyzed， and the main problems in the mechanization of Radix Pseudostellariae production were pointed out. Based on this， several countermeasures for the mechanization of the whole production process of Radix Pseudostellariae were proposed including promoting standardized planting， promoting the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy， and the mechanization transformation of planting areas， increasing research and development efforts on key technologies such as planting， harvesting， tail removal， and grading of the root tubers of the mountain Radix Pseudostellariae， strengthening the training of technical talents for agricultural machinery， accelerating the development of seeders and harvesters suitable for princely ginseng in mountainous areas， upgrading and transforming existing primary processing machinery and equipment， and forming a moderate primary processing production line. Above results provided reference for sustainable development of Guizhou Radix Pseudostellariae.

Key words: Chinese medicinal herbs, Radix Pseudostellariae, complete mechanization, field planting technology, preliminary processing technology

中图分类号:

吕成龙, 喻丽华, 郑乐, 吴雪梅, 张简荣, 杨怀诚. 贵州太子参生产全程机械化技术现状及对策[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(8): 84-92.

Chenglong LYU, Lihua YU, Le ZHENG, Xuemei WU, Jianrong ZHANG, Huaicheng YANG. Current Situation of Mechanization Technology and Countermeasures for Whole Production of Radix Pseudostellariae in Guizhou[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(8): 84-92.

图/表 5

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微耕机类型 Micro-cultivator type	工作幅宽 Working width/cm	整机尺寸 Machine size/cm	功率 Power/kW
1WGCZ5.3-135	135	164×136×97	5.3
1WG4.05-100FC-ZC	100	161×103×92.5	4.0
1WGQZ5.4-105	105	166×106×103	5.4
1WG5.5-135FQ-ZC	135	177×136×94	5.5
1WG4.0	90~110	160×90×110	4.0

微耕机类型 Micro-cultivator type	工作幅宽 Working width/cm	整机尺寸 Machine size/cm	功率 Power/kW
1WGCZ5.3-135	135	164×136×97	5.3
1WG4.05-100FC-ZC	100	161×103×92.5	4.0
1WGQZ5.4-105	105	166×106×103	5.4
1WG5.5-135FQ-ZC	135	177×136×94	5.5
1WG4.0	90~110	160×90×110	4.0

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