不同年龄藏绵羊肌肉脂肪酸特征分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0267

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究自然放牧条件下不同年龄藏绵羊肌肉脂肪酸含量及组成特征，选择不同年龄（1.5、3.5、6.0岁）藏绵羊母羊18只（每个年龄各6只），采用气相色谱仪测定其背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌中的脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明，不同年龄藏绵羊肌肉脂肪酸组成及含量存在显著差异；其中，在背最长肌中，3.5岁组肉豆蔻酸（C14∶0）含量显著高于其他组（P<0.05），肉豆蔻烯酸（C14∶1）、亚油酸（C18∶2n6c）和花生四烯酸（C20∶4n6）含量在3个年龄组差异不显著；在前腿肌中，3.5岁组肉豆蔻烯酸（C14∶1）和亚油酸（C18∶2n6c）含量显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；在后腿肌中，6.0岁组硬脂酸（C18∶0）含量显著高于1.5岁组（P<0.05）；3个肌肉组织中的多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值（polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid，P/S）在0.280~0.798，其中，在前腿肌中，3.5岁组P/S显著高于其他组（P<0.05），在后腿肌中，1.5岁组P/S显著高于3.5岁组（P<0.05）。因此，1.5岁组藏绵羊不同肌肉组织中脂肪酸组成及含量更具优势，即成年后藏绵羊年龄越小其肉质具有更好的食用价值与生产高档羊肉的潜力。以上结果为不同年龄藏绵羊肉的营养价值评定及其产业化开发与利用提供了参考。

关键词: 不同年龄, 藏绵羊, 肌肉, 脂肪酸

Abstract:

In order to investigate the fatty acid content and composition characteristics of Tibetan sheep muscle at different ages under natural grazing conditions， 18 Tibetan sheep ewes （6 at each age） were selected from different ages （1.5， 3.5， 6.0 years）. The fatty acid composition and content of longissimus dorsi muscle， foreleg muscle and hindleg muscle were determined by gas chromatograph. The results showed that there were significant differences in fatty acid composition and content in muscle of Tibetan sheep at different ages. In longissimus dorsi muscle， the content of myristic acid （C14∶0） in 3.5 years old group was significantly higher than those in other groups （P<0.05）， while there was no significant difference in the contents of myristic acid （C17∶1）， linoleic acid （C18∶2n6c） and arachidonic acid （C20∶4n6） among 3 age groups. In the foreleg muscle， the contents of myristic acid （C14∶1） and linoleic acid （C18∶2n6c） in 3.5 years old group were significantly higher than those in other groups （P<0.05）. In hindleg muscle， stearic acid （C18∶0） content in 6.0 years old group was significantly higher than that in 1.5 years old group （P<0.05）. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids （P/S） in the 3 muscle tissues ranged from 0.280 to 0.798， among which， the P/S in the foreleg muscle was significantly higher in the 3.5 years old group than in the other groups （P<0.05）， and in the hindleg muscle， the P/S in 1.5 years old group was significantly higher than that in 3.5 years old group （P<0.05）. Therefore， the composition and content of fatty acids in different muscle tissues of Tibetan sheep were more advantageous in the 1.5 years old group， that was the younger the Tibetan sheep were in adulthood， the better the meat quality had the edible value and the potential to produce high-grade mutton. Above results provided a reference for the nutritional value assessment and industrialization development and utilization of Tibetan sheep meat of different ages.

Key words: different ages, Tibetan sheep, muscle, fatty acids

中图分类号:

S826

王翻兄, 徐英, 沙玉柱, 邵鹏阳, 谢转回, 李文浩, 王继卿, 李少斌, 陈小伟, 杨文鑫, 刘秀. 不同年龄藏绵羊肌肉脂肪酸特征分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(8): 74-83.

Fanxiong WANG, Ying XU, Yuzhu SHA, Pengyang SHAO, Zhuanhui XIE, Wenhao LI, Jiqing WANG, Shaobin LI, Xiaowei CHEN, Wenxin YANG, Xiu LIU. Analysis of Muscle Fatty Acid Characteristics of Tibetan Sheep of Different Ages[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(8): 74-83.

图/表 5

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脂肪酸 Fatty acid	组织 Tissue	1.5岁组 1.5 years old group	3.5岁组 3.5 years old group	6.0岁组 6.0 years old group
饱和脂肪酸 SFA/%	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	26.748±1.657 b	29.372±0.916 a	22.457±0.282 c
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	27.491±0.509 a	25.582±0.827 b	27.974±0.465 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	23.409±0.747 b	26.797±0.451 a	26.122±0.451 a
单不饱和脂肪酸 MUFA/%	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	39.850±1.228 b	39.684±1.294 b	41.975±0.970 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	40.669±0.861 a	36.971±0.032 b	39.282±0.409 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	36.360±1.582 b	38.238±1.061 ab	39.616±0.727 a
多不饱和脂肪酸 PUFA/%	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	12.711±1.893 a	8.186±0.721 a	10.824±1.181 ab
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	8.750±1.722 b	14.409±0.654 a	8.522±0.009 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	18.640±1.615 a	12.843±1.214 b	10.705±0.401 b
总饱和脂肪酸 UFA/%	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	52.560±1.669 a	47.870±0.573 b	52.798±1.604 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	49.419±2.001 ab	51.379±0.672 a	47.804±0.401 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	55.000±0.034 a	51.081±1.777 b	50.321±0.784 b
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸 P/S	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	0.414±0.161 ab	0.280±0.015 b	0.497±0.069 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.320±0.067 b	0.588±0.007 a	0.305±0.006 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.798±0.095 a	0.479±0.038 b	0.479±0.039 b

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	组织 Tissue	1.5岁组 1.5 years old group	3.5岁组 3.5 years old group	6.0岁组 6.0 years old group
饱和脂肪酸 SFA/%	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	26.748±1.657 b	29.372±0.916 a	22.457±0.282 c
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	27.491±0.509 a	25.582±0.827 b	27.974±0.465 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	23.409±0.747 b	26.797±0.451 a	26.122±0.451 a
单不饱和脂肪酸 MUFA/%	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	39.850±1.228 b	39.684±1.294 b	41.975±0.970 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	40.669±0.861 a	36.971±0.032 b	39.282±0.409 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	36.360±1.582 b	38.238±1.061 ab	39.616±0.727 a
多不饱和脂肪酸 PUFA/%	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	12.711±1.893 a	8.186±0.721 a	10.824±1.181 ab
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	8.750±1.722 b	14.409±0.654 a	8.522±0.009 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	18.640±1.615 a	12.843±1.214 b	10.705±0.401 b
总饱和脂肪酸 UFA/%	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	52.560±1.669 a	47.870±0.573 b	52.798±1.604 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	49.419±2.001 ab	51.379±0.672 a	47.804±0.401 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	55.000±0.034 a	51.081±1.777 b	50.321±0.784 b
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸 P/S	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	0.414±0.161 ab	0.280±0.015 b	0.497±0.069 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.320±0.067 b	0.588±0.007 a	0.305±0.006 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.798±0.095 a	0.479±0.038 b	0.479±0.039 b

饱和脂肪酸 SFA	组织 Tissue	1.5岁组 1.5 years old group	3.5岁组 3.5 years old group	6.0岁组 6.0 years old group
丁酸（C4∶0） Butyric acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	0.576±0.259 ab	0.451±0.106 a	0.847±0.247 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.412±0.095 b	0.781±0.023 a	0.219±0.020 c
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.732±0.051 a	0.360±0.033 b	0.320±0.008 b
十三烷酸（C13∶0） Tridecanoic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	1.284±0.229 a	0.635±0.025 a	0.863±0.089 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.919±0.108 b	1.309±0.065 a	0.569±0.023 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	1.404±0.160 a	0.946±0.245 b	0.735±0.078 c
肉豆蔻酸（C14∶0） Myristic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	1.802±0.237 b	2.149±0.040 a	1.788±0.012 b
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	2.149±0.111 a	1.688±0.203 b	2.021±0.004 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	1.940±0.240 a	1.973±0.345 a	2.003±0.069 a
十五烷酸（C15∶0） Pentadecanoic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	0.682±0.132 a	0.259±0.049 a	0.521±0.090 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.393±0.107 b	0.664±0.007 a	0.421±0.002 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.401±0.016 a	0.366±0.095 a	0.472±0.034 a

饱和脂肪酸 SFA	组织 Tissue	1.5岁组 1.5 years old group	3.5岁组 3.5 years old group	6.0岁组 6.0 years old group
丁酸（C4∶0） Butyric acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	0.576±0.259 ab	0.451±0.106 a	0.847±0.247 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.412±0.095 b	0.781±0.023 a	0.219±0.020 c
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.732±0.051 a	0.360±0.033 b	0.320±0.008 b
十三烷酸（C13∶0） Tridecanoic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	1.284±0.229 a	0.635±0.025 a	0.863±0.089 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.919±0.108 b	1.309±0.065 a	0.569±0.023 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	1.404±0.160 a	0.946±0.245 b	0.735±0.078 c
肉豆蔻酸（C14∶0） Myristic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	1.802±0.237 b	2.149±0.040 a	1.788±0.012 b
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	2.149±0.111 a	1.688±0.203 b	2.021±0.004 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	1.940±0.240 a	1.973±0.345 a	2.003±0.069 a
十五烷酸（C15∶0） Pentadecanoic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	0.682±0.132 a	0.259±0.049 a	0.521±0.090 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.393±0.107 b	0.664±0.007 a	0.421±0.002 b
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.401±0.016 a	0.366±0.095 a	0.472±0.034 a

饱和脂肪酸 SFA	组织 Tissue	1.5岁组 1.5 years old group	3.5岁组 3.5 years old group	6.0岁组 6.0 years old group
十七烷酸（C17∶0） Daturic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	1.100±0.167 a	1.188±0.09 a	0.859±0.127 b
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	1.231±0.035 a	0.943±0.134 b	1.110±0.012 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.932±0.010 b	0.978±0.083 b	1.113±0.016 a
硬脂酸（C18∶0） Stearic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	20.679±1.924 b	24.352±0.902 a	17.057±0.199 c
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	21.733±0.871 b	19.319±0.811 c	23.224±0.380 a
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	17.192±0.673 b	21.588±0.555 a	21.015±0.096 a
二十二烷酸（C22∶0） Docosanic acid	背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi muscle	0.627±0.261 a	0.339±0.029 a	0.524±0.045 a
	前腿肌 Foreleg muscle	0.655±0.039 b	0.879±0.004 a	0.410±0.035 c
	后腿肌 Hindleg muscle	0.810±0.209 a	0.587±0.006 ab	0.466±0.095 b