2种饲料投喂下美洲鲥幼鱼肌肉营养成分分析及评价

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0352

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为科学评价常规饲料和绿色饲料养殖美洲鲥幼鱼肌肉的营养品质，采用生化分析方法对2种饲料投喂下美洲鲥幼鱼肌肉营养成分进行测定和比较分析。结果显示，常规饲料组肌肉中的粗脂肪含量（7.84%）极显著高于绿色饲料组（5.05%），水分含量（68.87%）极显著低于绿色饲料组（71.98%），粗蛋白含量（16.93%）显著低于绿色饲料组（17.54%）。常规饲料组和绿色饲料组肌肉中必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量无显著差异，均属于优质蛋白；绿色饲料组肌肉中鲜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸和酸味氨基酸含量均显著高于常规饲料组，且甜味氨基酸含量极显著高于常规饲料组；绿色饲料组肌肉中支链氨基酸含量和支/芳值均显著高于常规饲料组；根据氨基酸评分和化学评分，常规饲料组和绿色饲料组的第一限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸，常规饲料组必需氨基酸指数（73.58）高于绿色饲料组（71.00）。常规饲料组肌肉中二十碳五烯酸（eicosa pentenoic acid，EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（docose hexaenoie acid，DHA）含量均极显著高于绿色饲料组，常规饲料组肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（Σn-3）、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（Σn-6）、多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸和Σn-3/Σn-6多不饱和脂肪酸均极显著高于绿色饲料组，而绿色饲料组肌肉中饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸极显著高于常规饲料组。以上结果表明，2种饲料组均属于优质蛋白，在绿色饲料中提高色氨酸、EPA和DHA含量有助于改善美洲鲥肌肉的营养品质。

关键词: 美洲鲥, 饲料, 肌肉, 营养成分, 氨基酸, 脂肪酸

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the nutritional quality in the muscles of juvenile Alosa sapidissima cultured by normal diet （normal diet group） and green diet （green diet group）， nutritional compositions were determined and compared by biochemical analysis methods. The results showed that crude fat in muscle of normal group （7.84%） was very significantly higher than that of green group （5.05%）， while the moisture of normal group （68.87% ） was very significantly lower than that of green group （71.98%）， and the crude protein of normal group （16.93%） was significantly lower than that of green group （17.54%）. The total essential amino acids/total amino acids and total essential amino acids/total non-essential amino acids in muscle of normal group and green group had no significant difference， and they were all high-guality proteins. The delicious amino acid， bitterness amino acid， and sourness amino acid in muscle of green group were significantly higher than that of normal group. The sweetness amino acid in muscle of green group was very significantly higher than that of normal group. The branched chain amino acid and ratio of branched chain and aromatic amino acid in muscle of green group were significantly higher than that of normal group. According to nutrition evaluation in amino acids score and chemical score， the first limited amino acid was tryptophan （Trp） in 2 groups. The essential amino acid index of normal group（73.58）was higher than that of green group（71.00）. The eicosa pentenoic acid（EPA） and docose hexaenoie acid（DHA） of normal group were very significantly higher than that of green group. The total unsaturated fatty acid、n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid（Σn-3）、n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid（Σn-3）、polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid and Σn-3/Σn-6 of normal group were very significantly higher than that of green group， while saturated fatty acid /unsaturated fatty acid of green group were very significantly higher than that of normal group. Above results demonstrated that both of normal group and green group were prominent protein. Increasing the levels of Trp， EPA and DHA in green feed helped enhance the nutritional quality of the muscle tissue in Alosa sapidissima.

Key words: Alosa sapidissima, diet, muscle, nutrient composition, amino acids, fatty acids

中图分类号:

S963

蒋飞, 施永海, 徐嘉波, 严银龙, 刘永士, 袁新程. 2种饲料投喂下美洲鲥幼鱼肌肉营养成分分析及评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(5): 223-233.

Fei JIANG, Yonghai SHI, Jiabo XU, Yinlong YAN, Yongshi LIU, Xincheng YUAN. Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Composition in Muscle of Juvenile Alosa sapidissima Fed with Two Diets[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(5): 223-233.

图/表 7

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氨基酸 Amino acid	常规饲料 Normal diet	绿色饲料 Green diet	肌肉Muscle
氨基酸 Amino acid	常规饲料 Normal diet	绿色饲料 Green diet	常规饲料组 Normal diet group	绿色饲料组 Green diet group
异亮氨酸 Ile^※	2.00	1.74	2.04±0.08	2.28±0.14
亮氨酸 Leu^※	3.73	4.31	3.70±0.17	4.20±0.24^*
赖氨酸 Lys^※	3.30	3.00	4.31±0.18	4.80±0.30
蛋氨酸 Met^※	0.99	0.79	1.44±0.05	1.65±0.05^**
苯丙氨酸 Phe^※	2.03	2.34	1.96±0.08	2.22±0.11^*
苏氨酸 Thr^※	1.88	1.90	2.16±0.06	2.43±0.10 ^*
缬氨酸 Val^※	2.37	2.81	2.43±0.10	2.70±0.13^*
色氨酸 Trp^※	0.47	0.59	0.41±0.08	0.44±0.02
精氨酸 Arg^#	2.81	3.18	3.13±0.06	3.57±0.03^**
组氨酸 His^#	1.24	1.45	1.57±0.06	1.74±0.08^*
天冬氨酸 Asp^△	4.27	4.52	4.68±0.15	5.31±0.22^*
甘氨酸 Gly^△	2.71	3.09	3.66±0.26	4.34±0.45
谷氨酸 Glu^△	7.08	7.14	7.88±1.00	10.88±1.00^*
丝氨酸 Ser^△	1.94	2.55	2.04±0.05	2.33±0.05^**
丙氨酸 Ala^△	2.70	2.76	3.27±0.06	3.68±0.02^**
酪氨酸 Tyr^△	1.50	1.53	1.66±0.08	1.77±0.11
脯氨酸 Pro^△	2.15	2.62	2.03±0.08	2.48±0.20^*
胱氨酸 Cys^△	0.54	0.77	0.82±0.07	0.83±0.06
氨基酸总量∑TAA	43.25	46.51	47.74±1.06	54.11±1.28^**
必需氨基酸总量∑EAA	20.82	22.11	18.44±0.76	20.73±1.05^*
半必需氨基酸总量∑HEAA	4.05	4.63	4.72±0.08	5.35±0.11^**
非必需氨基酸总量∑NEAA	22.89	24.98	25.03±0.35	28.51±0.25^**
必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量∑EAA/∑NEAA	90.96	88.51	73.65±2.29	72.69±3.47
必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量∑EAA/∑TAA	48.14	47.54	38.61±0.76	38.29±1.04

氨基酸 Amino acid	常规饲料 Normal diet	绿色饲料 Green diet	肌肉Muscle
氨基酸 Amino acid	常规饲料 Normal diet	绿色饲料 Green diet	常规饲料组 Normal diet group	绿色饲料组 Green diet group
异亮氨酸 Ile^※	2.00	1.74	2.04±0.08	2.28±0.14
亮氨酸 Leu^※	3.73	4.31	3.70±0.17	4.20±0.24^*
赖氨酸 Lys^※	3.30	3.00	4.31±0.18	4.80±0.30
蛋氨酸 Met^※	0.99	0.79	1.44±0.05	1.65±0.05^**
苯丙氨酸 Phe^※	2.03	2.34	1.96±0.08	2.22±0.11^*
苏氨酸 Thr^※	1.88	1.90	2.16±0.06	2.43±0.10 ^*
缬氨酸 Val^※	2.37	2.81	2.43±0.10	2.70±0.13^*
色氨酸 Trp^※	0.47	0.59	0.41±0.08	0.44±0.02
精氨酸 Arg^#	2.81	3.18	3.13±0.06	3.57±0.03^**
组氨酸 His^#	1.24	1.45	1.57±0.06	1.74±0.08^*
天冬氨酸 Asp^△	4.27	4.52	4.68±0.15	5.31±0.22^*
甘氨酸 Gly^△	2.71	3.09	3.66±0.26	4.34±0.45
谷氨酸 Glu^△	7.08	7.14	7.88±1.00	10.88±1.00^*
丝氨酸 Ser^△	1.94	2.55	2.04±0.05	2.33±0.05^**
丙氨酸 Ala^△	2.70	2.76	3.27±0.06	3.68±0.02^**
酪氨酸 Tyr^△	1.50	1.53	1.66±0.08	1.77±0.11
脯氨酸 Pro^△	2.15	2.62	2.03±0.08	2.48±0.20^*
胱氨酸 Cys^△	0.54	0.77	0.82±0.07	0.83±0.06
氨基酸总量∑TAA	43.25	46.51	47.74±1.06	54.11±1.28^**
必需氨基酸总量∑EAA	20.82	22.11	18.44±0.76	20.73±1.05^*
半必需氨基酸总量∑HEAA	4.05	4.63	4.72±0.08	5.35±0.11^**
非必需氨基酸总量∑NEAA	22.89	24.98	25.03±0.35	28.51±0.25^**
必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量∑EAA/∑NEAA	90.96	88.51	73.65±2.29	72.69±3.47
必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量∑EAA/∑TAA	48.14	47.54	38.61±0.76	38.29±1.04

氨基酸 Amino acid	常规饲料组 Normal diet group	绿色饲料组 Green diet group
鲜味氨基酸∑DAA	11.54±0.37	13.07±0.57^*
甜味氨基酸∑SWAA	17.46±0.22	20.07±0.25^**
苦味氨基酸∑BIAA	16.84±0.64	18.90±0.90^*
酸味氨基酸∑SOAA	13.11±0.43	14.81±0.65^*
含硫氨基酸 ∑SAA	2.27±0.09	2.47±0.10
支链氨基酸∑BCAA	8.16±0.34	9.18±0.51^*
芳香族氨基酸∑AAA	3.62±0.15	3.99±0.22
支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸 F	2.25±0.02	2.30±0.01^*

氨基酸 Amino acid	常规饲料组 Normal diet group	绿色饲料组 Green diet group
鲜味氨基酸∑DAA	11.54±0.37	13.07±0.57^*
甜味氨基酸∑SWAA	17.46±0.22	20.07±0.25^**
苦味氨基酸∑BIAA	16.84±0.64	18.90±0.90^*
酸味氨基酸∑SOAA	13.11±0.43	14.81±0.65^*
含硫氨基酸 ∑SAA	2.27±0.09	2.47±0.10
支链氨基酸∑BCAA	8.16±0.34	9.18±0.51^*
芳香族氨基酸∑AAA	3.62±0.15	3.99±0.22
支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸 F	2.25±0.02	2.30±0.01^*

必需氨基酸 EAA	FAO/WHO	全鸡蛋蛋白质 Egg protein	常规饲料组 Normal group			绿色饲料组 Green group
必需氨基酸 EAA	FAO/WHO	全鸡蛋蛋白质 Egg protein	氨基酸含量 Amino acids content/ （mg·g^-1 N）	氨基酸评分 S_AA	化学评分 S_C	氨基酸含量 Amino acids content/ （mg·g^-1 N）	氨基酸评分 S_AA	化学评分 S_C
异亮氨酸 Ile	250.00	331.00	234.23	0.94	0.71	227.73	0.91	0.69
亮氨酸 Leu	440.00	534.00	424.83	0.97	0.80	419.51	0.95	0.79
赖氨酸 Lys	340.00	441.00	494.87	1.46	1.12	479.43	1.41	1.09
苏氨酸 Thr	250.00	292.00	248.01	0.99	0.85	242.71	0.97	0.83
缬氨酸 Val	310.00	410.00	279.01	0.90^□	0.68	269.68	0.87^□	0.66
色氨酸 Trp	60.00	99.00	47.08	0.78^○	0.48^○	43.95	0.73^○	0.44^○
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys	220.00	386.00	259.49	1.18	0.67^□	247.71	1.13	0.64^□
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸 Phe+Tyr	380.00	565.00	415.65	1.09	0.74	398.53	1.05	0.71
必需氨基酸指数 I_EAA			73.58			71.00