弧爪式马铃薯精量排种器的仿真分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0792

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对马铃薯排种器在播种过程中出现的单粒播种不稳定问题，以恩施富硒马铃薯薯种为研究对象，测量了马铃薯薯种的三轴尺寸及体积、密度，并根据薯种的参数对排种器的尺寸结构进行了三维建模，利用Recurdyn-EDEM耦合仿真模拟弧爪式马铃薯排种器的播种过程，并通过响应曲面试验对参数进行优化。以有效取种长度（X₁）和种勺宽度（X₂）为试验因素，以单粒率、多粒率、空粒率为试验指标，配合耦合仿真进行二次通用旋转组合设计试验，结果表明，X₂²和X₂²对单粒率、多粒率、空粒率影响极显著， X₁和X₁X₂对多粒率、空粒率影响显著，其余各项对指标影响皆不显著。利用优化模块对参数进行优化，确定有效取种长度和种勺宽度的最佳参数组合为99.74和60.02 mm。以精量播种单粒率为目标值，在最佳参数组合条件下，仿真试验与目标值的误差值小于2%且单粒率大于80%，证明了优化后试验参数的准确性，且精量播种率具备可行性。

关键词: 马铃薯播种机, 仿真试验, 排种器, 参数优化

Abstract:

Aiming at the unstable problem of single seeding during the sowing process of potato， the basic physical properties of the potato seed were determined with the Enshi selenium-enriched potato seed as the research object. The triaxial dimensions， volume and density of potato seed were measured， and the dimensional structure of the seed displacer was modeled in three dimensions according to the parameters of the seed. The seeding process of the arc-jaw potato seeder was simulated using Recurdyn-EDEM coupled simulation， and the parameters were optimized by response surface test. Taking the effective seed picking length （X₁） and seed scoop width （X₂） as the test factors， and the single-grain rate， multiple-grain rate and empty-grain rate as the test indexes， the quadratic generalized rotary combinatorial design test was conducted with the coupled simulation. The results showed that X₂² and X₂² had significant effects on single grain rate， multi-grain rate and empty grain rate， and X₁ and X₁X₂ had significant effects on multi-grain rate and empty grain rate， while the rest factors had non-significant effects on the index. Using the optimization module to optimize the data of parameters， and the best parameter combination of effective seed length and seed spoon width was determined as 99.74 and 60.02 mm. Under the optimized parameter， the error value between the simulation test and the target value was less than 2% and the single grain rate was greater than 80%， which proved the accuracy of the optimized experimental parameters， and the feasibility of the precision seeding rate.

Key words: potato seed planter, simulation test, seed discharger, parameter optimization

中图分类号:

S223.2

豆中中, 刘一琦. 弧爪式马铃薯精量排种器的仿真分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 110-119.

Zhongzhong DOU, Yiqi LIU. Simulation Analysis of Arc-jaw Type Potato Precision Seed Discharger[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 110-119.

图/表 15

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材料 Test material	参数 Parameter	值 Value
薯种-薯种 Potato seeds-Potato seeds	泊松比 Poisson’s ratio	0.57
	剪切模量 Shear modulus	1.34
	静摩擦系数 Coefficient of static friction	0.45
	动摩擦系数 Coefficient of kinetic friction	0.03
	碰撞恢复系数 Crash recovery factor	0.79
薯种-钢板 Potato seed-steel plate	静摩擦系数 Coefficient of static friction	0.64
	动摩擦系数 Coefficient of kinetic friction	0.27
	碰撞恢复系数 Crash recovery factor	0.71

材料 Test material	参数 Parameter	值 Value
薯种-薯种 Potato seeds-Potato seeds	泊松比 Poisson’s ratio	0.57
	剪切模量 Shear modulus	1.34
	静摩擦系数 Coefficient of static friction	0.45
	动摩擦系数 Coefficient of kinetic friction	0.03
	碰撞恢复系数 Crash recovery factor	0.79
薯种-钢板 Potato seed-steel plate	静摩擦系数 Coefficient of static friction	0.64
	动摩擦系数 Coefficient of kinetic friction	0.27
	碰撞恢复系数 Crash recovery factor	0.71

因素水平 Level of factor	有效取种长度 Effective seed length/mm	种勺宽度 Width of seed scoop/mm
+1.414	136.18	68.09
+1.000	129.93	64.96
0	114.84	57.42
-1.000	99.74	49.88
-1.414	93.49	46.75

因素水平 Level of factor	有效取种长度 Effective seed length/mm	种勺宽度 Width of seed scoop/mm
+1.414	136.18	68.09
+1.000	129.93	64.96
0	114.84	57.42
-1.000	99.74	49.88
-1.414	93.49	46.75

序号 Serial No.	因素水平 Factor level		试验指标 Test indictor/%
序号 Serial No.	X₁：有效取种长度 Effective seeding length	X₂：种勺宽度 Width of seed scoop	Y₁：单粒率 Single grain rate	Y₂：多粒率 Multiple grain rates	Y₃：空粒率 Empty grain rates
1	-1.000	-1.000	46	1	53
2	1.000	-1.000	65	10	25
3	-1.000	1.000	88	10	2
4	1.000	1.000	95	3	2
5	-1.414	0	85	2	13
6	1.414	0	87	9	4
7	0	-1.414	55	10	35
8	0	1.414	88	10	2
9	0	0	91	5	4
10	0	0	91	6	3
11	0	0	93	2	5
12	0	0	85	3	12
13	0	0	85	6	9