木薯种植机参数优化与试验

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0892

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前木薯种植主要依靠人工，种植劳动强度大，少量木薯种植机由其他果蔬移栽机改装而成，该机型在作业过程中常不能按规定的株行距实现精确地播种导致合格率低、漏种率高，因此，运用中心组合试验设计理论开展作业参数优化试验，分析作业参数对合格率和漏种率的影响规律。以合格率和漏种率为试验指标，前进速度、曲柄转速和机具高度为试验因素，通过响应曲面法进行三因素三水平响应面试验，利用Design Expert软件建立各因素与合格率和漏种率的回归模型，研究各因素及其交互作用对试验指标的影响规律。田间试验结果表明，作业参数组合为前进速度0.89~0.94 m?s^-1、曲柄转速43 r?min^-1、机具高度383 mm时，种植合格率为95.47%，漏种率2.05%，与模型优化值相对误差小于5%，表明模型可靠。研究结果对提高木薯种植效果具有重要指导意义，可为今后木薯种植机优化设计和参数优化提供参考。

关键词: 木薯, 参数优化, 试验指标, 响应曲面

Abstract:

The current cassava planting mainly rely on artificial planting with labor intensity. A small amount of cassava plantation for other fruit and vegetable transplanting converted， the model usually failed to achieve accurate sowing in the process of the operation， resulting in low qualification rate and high seed leakage rate， so the central composite test design theory was used to carry out the optimization test to analyze parameters， and the influence of operating parameters on the qualification rate and seed leakage rate. With the qualification rate and seed leakage rate as the test indexes， the forward speed， crank speed and machine height as the test factors， the three horizontal response surface tests were conducted through the response surface method， and the regression model of each factor， the qualification rate and seed leakage rate were established by Design Expert software to study the influence law of various factors and their interaction on the test index. The field test results showed that the combination of operation parameters was forward speed 0.89~0.94 m?s^-1， crank speed 43 r?min^-1， and implement height 383 mm， the planting qualification rate was 95.47%， and the seed leakage rate was 2.05%. The relative error with the optimized value of the model was less than 5%， which indicated that the model was reliable. The research results had important guiding significance for improving cassava planting effect， and could also provide reference for the optimization of design and parameter optimization of cassava planting mechanism in the future.

Key words: cassava, parameter optimization, test indicator, response surface

中图分类号:

S223.9

郭带贵, 廖宇兰, 张惜辉, 袁成宇, 吴中野. 木薯种植机参数优化与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(9): 122-130.

Daigui GUO, Yulan LIAO, Xihui ZHANG, Chengyu YUAN, Zhongye WU. Parameter Optimization and Experiment of Cassava Planter[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 122-130.

图/表 12

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水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	A：前进速度 Forward speed/（m∙s^-1）	B：曲柄转速 Crank speed/（r∙min^-1）	C：机具高度 Implement height/mm
1	0.4	26	340
2	0.6	34	360
3	0.8	42	380
4	1.0	50	400
5	1.2	58	420

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	A：前进速度 Forward speed/（m∙s^-1）	B：曲柄转速 Crank speed/（r∙min^-1）	C：机具高度 Implement height/mm
1	0.4	26	340
2	0.6	34	360
3	0.8	42	380
4	1.0	50	400
5	1.2	58	420

序号 No.	A：前进速度 Forward speed/（m∙s^-1）	B：曲柄转速 Crank speed/（r∙min^-1）	C：机具高度 Implement height/mm	Y₁：合格率 Qualification rate/%	Y₂：漏种率 Seed leakage rate/%
1	0	-1	1	84.62	6.34
2	0	0	0	93.34	2.17
3	-1	-1	0	88.97	4.53
4	1	1	0	84.38	6.25
5	1	0	-1	83.79	6.78
6	1	0	1	80.31	8.16
7	0	0	0	93.14	2.32
8	-1	0	-1	86.74	5.29
9	0	1	1	87.54	4.87
10	-1	1	0	90.18	3.31
11	0	0	0	92.76	2.54
12	0	-1	-1	82.74	7.15
13	0	0	0	92.15	2.94
14	1	-1	0	81.25	7.84
15	0	0	0	91.63	2.57
16	-1	0	1	89.45	4.07
17	0	1	-1	90.49	3.35

序号 No.	A：前进速度 Forward speed/（m∙s^-1）	B：曲柄转速 Crank speed/（r∙min^-1）	C：机具高度 Implement height/mm	Y₁：合格率 Qualification rate/%	Y₂：漏种率 Seed leakage rate/%
1	0	-1	1	84.62	6.34
2	0	0	0	93.34	2.17
3	-1	-1	0	88.97	4.53
4	1	1	0	84.38	6.25
5	1	0	-1	83.79	6.78
6	1	0	1	80.31	8.16
7	0	0	0	93.14	2.32
8	-1	0	-1	86.74	5.29
9	0	1	1	87.54	4.87
10	-1	1	0	90.18	3.31
11	0	0	0	92.76	2.54
12	0	-1	-1	82.74	7.15
13	0	0	0	92.15	2.94
14	1	-1	0	81.25	7.84
15	0	0	0	91.63	2.57
16	-1	0	1	89.45	4.07
17	0	1	-1	90.49	3.35

来源 Source	合格率Qualification rate/%
来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方差 Mean squared error	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	283.79	9	31.53	15.49	0.000 8
A	81.98	1	81.98	40.28	0.000 4
B	21.74	1	21.74	10.68	0.013 7
C	0.423 2	1	0.423 2	0.207 9	0.662 2
AB	0.921 6	1	0.921 6	0.452 8	0.522 6
AC	9.58	1	9.58	4.71	0.066 7
BC	5.83	1	5.83	2.87	0.134 3
A²	76.34	1	76.34	37.50	0.000 5
B²	23.83	1	23.83	11.71	0.011 1
C²	70.98	1	70.98	34.87	0.000 6
残差Residual	14.25	7	2.04
失拟项Lack of fit	13.43	4	3.36	12.25	0.033 5
纯误差Pure error	0.822 3	3	0.274 1
总和Sum	298.03	16
R²	0.952 2