新疆棉花萌发期的耐盐能力分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0810

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 57-67.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0810

新疆棉花萌发期的耐盐能力分析

董志多¹(), 付秋萍¹(), 黄建²(), 祁通², 付彦博²^,³, 开赛尔·库尔班³

^1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052
^2.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所，农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用（干旱半干旱区盐碱地）重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091
^3.新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站，国家土壤质量阿克苏观测试验站，新疆阿克苏 843000

收稿日期:2023-11-05 接受日期:2024-01-08 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-15
通讯作者: 付秋萍,黄建
作者简介:董志多E-mail：1281228561@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02009-3);新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(2022A02007-1);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900802)

Analysis of Salt Tolerance Capacity of Xinjiang Cotton Guring Germination

Zhiduo DONG¹(), Qiuping FU¹(), Jian HUANG²(), Tong QI², Yanbo FU²^,³, Kuerban Kaisaier³

^1.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention，College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 8300052，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization （Saline-alkali Land in Arid and Semi-arid Regions） of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi 830091，China
^3.National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station，Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Xinjiang Aksu 843000，China

Received:2023-11-05 Accepted:2024-01-08 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-15
Contact: Qiuping FU,Jian HUANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对南疆地区栽培土壤资源有限问题，研究混合盐对棉花种子萌发的影响，探讨棉花对盐碱土壤环境的耐受能力。为模拟南疆地区复杂的盐碱环境，将NaCl、Na₂SO₄、NaHCO₃和Na₂CO₃按照摩尔比1∶0∶0∶0（S1）、9∶1∶0∶0（S2）、0∶0∶9∶1（S3）、9∶1∶9∶1（S4）进行混合，设置5个盐水平梯度（40、80、120、160和200 mmol·L^-1）对塔河2号和新陆中62号棉花种子萌发期进行胁迫，以施用蒸馏水作为对照（CK），分析棉花种子的发芽势、发芽率、萌发速率、耐盐半致死浓度及早期幼苗的鲜重和干重。结果表明，4种盐胁迫显著降低了棉花种子的发芽势。在40 mmol·L^-1时，S1~S4处理棉花种子发芽率与CK无显著差异，但随盐水平（≥80 mmol·L^-1）的升高，棉花种子的发芽率显著降低。在相同盐水平下，2个品种棉花在S4处理的发芽率高于S1、S2和S3处理。4种盐胁迫造成了棉花种子初始萌发时间延迟，萌发速率显著降低。40 mmol·L^-1的S1、S2和S3处理促进了棉花幼苗鲜重和干重的积累，但随着盐水平的升高棉花幼苗鲜重和干重逐渐降低；各水平的S4处理均降低了棉花幼苗的鲜重和干重。相关性分析和主成分分析显示，发芽率是评价棉花萌发期耐盐碱能力的重要指标。在4种盐胁迫下棉花种子发芽率的耐盐半致死浓度依次为S4>S2>S1>S3。综上，棉花种子萌发期对40 mmol·L^-1的4种盐胁迫表现出一定的耐受能力，但随着盐水平的增加，4种盐胁迫导致了棉花种子萌发时间推迟，发芽势、发芽率和萌发速率降低。新陆中62号对NaCl的耐受能力较强，塔河2号对复合盐的耐受能力较强。以上研究结果为南疆棉花种质的选育及评价棉花萌发期耐盐碱能力的重要指标提供理论依据。

关键词: 棉花, 复合盐, 盐胁迫, 萌发, 种子

Abstract:

Aiming at the limited cultivated soil resources in southern Xinjiang， the effects of mixed salt on cotton seed germination were studied， and the tolerance of cotton to saline-alkali soil environment was discussed.To simulate the complex saline-alkali environment in southern Xinjiang， NaCl， Na₂SO₄， NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ were mixed in molar ratios of 1∶0∶0∶0 （S1）， 9∶1∶0∶0 （S2）， 0∶0∶9∶1 （S3） and 9∶1∶9∶1 （S4）. 5 salt levels （40， 80， 120， 160 and 200 mmol·L^-1） were set to stress the germination period of cotton seeds for varieties Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62. The seed germination potential， germination rate， germination rate， salt tolerance critical salinity concentration， and early seedling fresh weight and dry weight were analyzed by using distilled water as control （CK）. The results showed that all 4 salt stresses significantly reduced the germination potential of cotton seeds. At 40 mmol·L^-1， there was no significant difference in germination rate between S1~S4 treatments and CK， but as the salt level increased （≥80 mmol·L^-1）， the germination rate of cotton seeds significantly decreased. At the same salt level， the germination rate of both cotton varieties in the S4 treatment was higher than that in the S1， S2 and S3 treatments. The 4 salt stresses caused a delay in the initial germination time of cotton seeds， and the germination rate significantly decreased. The S1， S2 and S3 treatments at 40 mmol·L^-1 promoted the accumulation of fresh weight and dry weight of cotton seedlings，and with the increase in salt level the fresh weight and dry weight of cotton seedlings gradually decreased， and all levels of the S4 treatment reduced the fresh weight and dry weight of cotton seedlings. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that germination rate was an important indicator for evaluating the salt tolerance of cotton during the germination period. Under 4 salt stresses， the salt tolerance critical salinity concentration of cotton seed germination rate was as S4>S2>S1>S3. In summary， during the germination period of cotton seeds， there was a certain level of tolerance to 40 mmol·L^-1 of the 4 salt stresses， but as the salt level increased， the 4 salt stresses resulted in a delayed germination time， decreased germination potential， germination rate and germination rate. Xinluzhong 62 showed strong tolerance to NaCl， and Tahe 2 exhibited strong tolerance to mixed salts. Above results provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of cotton germplasm in southern Xinjiang and evaluated important indicators of salt tolerance during the germination period of cotton seeds.

Key words: cotton, complex salts, salt stress, germination, seed

中图分类号:

S562

董志多, 付秋萍, 黄建, 祁通, 付彦博, 开赛尔·库尔班. 新疆棉花萌发期的耐盐能力分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 57-67.

Zhiduo DONG, Qiuping FU, Jian HUANG, Tong QI, Yanbo FU, Kuerban Kaisaier. Analysis of Salt Tolerance Capacity of Xinjiang Cotton Guring Germination[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 57-67.

图/表 10

表1 各处理盐碱组分及其摩尔比例

Table 1 Saline-alkali components and their molar ratio in each treatment

处理 Treatment	盐碱组分 Salt composition
处理 Treatment	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	NaHCO₃	Na₂CO₃
CK	0	0	0	0
S1	1	0	0	0
S2	9	1	0	0
S3	0	0	9	1
S4	9	1	9	1

图1 4种盐胁迫下塔河2号棉花种子的发芽势和发芽率注：不同希腊字母表示同一盐水平不同盐胁迫之间在P<0.05水平差异显著，不同英文字母表示同一盐胁迫不同盐水平之间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Germination potential and germination rate of cotton seeds of Tahe 2 under 4 salt stressesNote：Different Greece letters indicate the significant differences between different saline stresses of the same salt level at P<0.05 level， and different English letters indicate significant differences between different salt level under same salinity stress at P<0.05 level.

图2 4种盐胁迫下新陆中62号棉花种子的发芽势和发芽率注：不同希腊字母表示同一盐水平不同盐胁迫之间在P<0.05水平差异显著，不同英文字母表示同一盐胁迫不同盐水平之间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Germination potential and germination rate of cotton seeds of Xinluzhong 62 under 4 salt stressesNote：Different Greece letters indicate the significant differences between different saline stresses of the same salt level at P<0.05 level， and different English letters indicate significant differences between different salt level under same salinity stress at P<0.05 level.

图3 4种盐胁迫下棉花种子的发芽动态

Fig. 3 Dynamics of cotton seed germination under 4 salt stresses

图4 4种盐胁迫下塔河2号棉花种子的萌发速率注：不同希腊字母表示同一盐水平不同盐胁迫之间在P<0.05水平差异显著，不同英文字母表示同一盐胁迫不同盐水平之间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Speed of germination of Tahe 2 cotton seeds under 4 salt stressesNote：Different Greece letters indicate the significant differences between different saline stresses of the same salt level at P<0.05 level， and different English letters indicate significant differences between different salt level under same salinity stress at P<0.05 level.

图 5 4种盐胁迫下新陆中62号棉花种子的萌发速率注：不同希腊字母表示同一盐水平不同盐胁迫之间在P<0.05水平差异显著，不同英文字母表示同一盐胁迫不同盐水平之间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Speed of germination of Xinluzhong 62 cotton seeds under 4 salt stressesNote：Different Greece letters indicate the significant differences between different saline stresses of the same salt level at P<0.05 level， and different English letters indicate significant differences between different salt level under same salinity stress at P<0.05 level.

图6 4种盐胁迫下棉花幼苗的鲜重和干重

Fig. 6 Fresh and dry weight of cotton seedlings under 4 salt stresses

图7 4种盐胁迫对棉花种子各项指标的综合影响A：塔河2号的各指标相关性分析热图；B：新陆中62号的各指标相关性分析热图；C：塔河2号的主成分分析个体和向量双标图：D：新陆中62号的主成分分析个体和向量双标图。*、**和***分别表示在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平显著。X1—发芽势；X2—发芽率；X3—萌发速率；X4—鲜重；X5—干重

Fig. 7 Comprehensive effects of 4 types of salt stress on various parameters of cotton seedsA：Heat map of correlation analysis of each index of Tahe 2； B： Heat map of correlation analysis of each index of Xinluzhong 62； C： Biplot of principal component analysis individual and vector of Tahe 2； D： Biplot of principal component analysis individual and vector of Xinluzhong 62. *， ** and *** indicate significance at P<0.05， P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively. X1—Germination potential； X2—Germination rate； X3—Germination speed； X4—Fresh weight； X5—Dry weight

图8 4种盐胁迫下棉花种子发芽率拟合曲线

Fig. 8 Fitting curves of germination rate of cotton under 4 kinds of saline stress

表2 4种盐胁迫下棉花种子发芽率的拟合方程及耐盐半致死浓度

Table 2 Fitting equations and critical salinity concentrations of cotton seed germination rate under 4 salt stresses

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	半致死浓度 Critical salinity concentration/（mmol·L^-1）
S1	塔河2号Tahe 2	y=8.26+90.71/［1+（x/107.74）^9.22］	0.992 6	109.62
S1	新陆中62号Xinluzhong 62	y=5.23+89.65/［1+（x/115.11）^5.22］	0.993 3	115.99
S2	塔河2号Tahe 2	y=31.48+65.75/［1+（x/136.96）^15.78］	0.991 0	145.34
S2	新陆中62号Xinluzhong 62	y=30.62+62.6/［1+（x/124.21）^8.75］	0.988 1	137.12
S3	塔河2号Tahe 2	y=-1.49+100.65/［1+（x/104.29）^7.42］	0.999 8	103.64
S3	新陆中62号Xinluzhong 62	y=-1.79+97.02/［1+（x/94）^6.45］	0.997 9	92.54
S4	塔河2号Tahe 2	y=-10 219.61+10 317.28/［1+（x/389.75）^8.34］	0.989 5	—
S4	新陆中62号Xinluzhong 62	y=-465 228.22+465 318.48/［1+（x/1163.57）^5.09］	0.930 5	186.13

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新疆棉花萌发期的耐盐能力分析

Analysis of Salt Tolerance Capacity of Xinjiang Cotton Guring Germination

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