放牧强度对荒漠草原土壤团聚体稳定性及可蚀性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0826

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 156-163.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0826

放牧强度对荒漠草原土壤团聚体稳定性及可蚀性的影响

田甜¹(), 杨振奇²^,³, 郭建英²^,³(), 要振宇²^,³, 赵天启²^,³, 刘心宇²^,³, 王子薇¹

^1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，呼和浩特 010018
^2.水利部牧区水利科学研究所，呼和浩特 010020
^3.中国水利水电科学研究院，内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站，北京 100038

收稿日期:2023-11-10 接受日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-20
通讯作者: 郭建英
作者简介:田甜 E-mail：710773053@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177347);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项“五大人才”计划项目(MK0145B022021);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目(MK2022J11);2023年内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(S20231110Z);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目(MK2023J05)

Effects of Grazing Intensity on Stability and Anti-erodibility of Soil Aggregates in Desert Steppe

Tian TIAN¹(), Zhenqi YANG²^,³, Jianying GUO²^,³(), Zhenyu YAO²^,³, Tianqi ZHAO²^,³, Xinyu LIU²^,³, Ziwei WANG¹

^1.College of Desert Control Science and Engineering，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot 010018，China
^2.Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area of the Ministry of Water Resources，Hohhot 010020，China
^3.Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station，China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100038，China

Received:2023-11-10 Accepted:2024-03-11 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-20
Contact: Jianying GUO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同放牧强度对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响，选取在内蒙古包头市达茂旗希拉穆仁建立的荒漠草原长期放牧试验平台（禁牧、轻度、中度、重度放牧强度）为研究对象，通过测定0—40 cm土层的土壤水稳定性团聚体，分析不同放牧强度下土壤团聚体组成、稳定性及抗蚀性特征。结果表明，放牧强度对土壤水稳定性大团聚体含量影响较大，各放牧处理的大团聚体质量百分比为73.00%~89.93%，且随放牧强度的增加，水稳定性大团聚体含量呈先增加后降低的趋势。轻度、中度放牧下土壤的平均重量直径、几何平均直径数均高于禁牧。相关性分析表明，水稳性大团聚体含量、平均重量直径、几何平均直径与土壤可蚀性因子均呈显著负相关。综上所述，适度放牧可以增强土壤团聚体的稳定性，提升土壤抗侵蚀性能，维护草原长期可持续发展。

关键词: 放牧强度, 土壤团聚体, 团聚体稳定性, 荒漠草原

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of different grazing intensities on the stability of soil aggregates， the long-term grazing experimental platform （grazing prohibition， mild， moderate and heavy grazing intensity） of desert steppe established in Xilamuren， Damao Banner， Baotou City， Inner Mongolia was selected as the research object. The soil water stable aggregates in the soil layer from 0 to 40 cm under different grazing intensities were measured， and the composition， stability and anti-erodibility characteristics of aggregates under different grazing intensities were analyzed. The results showed that the grazing intensity had a great influence on the content of soil water-stable macroaggregates， and the contents of soil water-stable macroaggregates under different grazing intensities were 73.00%~89.93%. With the increase of grazing intensity， the content of aggregates increased firstly and then decreased. The mean weight diameter （MWD） and geometric mean diameter （GMD） of light and moderate grazing intensities were higher than those of grazing prohibition. The correlation analysis showed that the contents of soil water-stable macroaggregates， MWD and GMD were significantly negatively correlated with soil erodibility factor. In summary， moderate grazing could enhance the stability of soil aggregates， improve soil erosion resistance and maintain long-term sustainable development of grassland.

Key words: grazing intensity, soil aggregates, aggregate stability, desert grassland

中图分类号:

S157

田甜, 杨振奇, 郭建英, 要振宇, 赵天启, 刘心宇, 王子薇. 放牧强度对荒漠草原土壤团聚体稳定性及可蚀性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(5): 156-163.

Tian TIAN, Zhenqi YANG, Jianying GUO, Zhenyu YAO, Tianqi ZHAO, Xinyu LIU, Ziwei WANG. Effects of Grazing Intensity on Stability and Anti-erodibility of Soil Aggregates in Desert Steppe[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(5): 156-163.

图/表 4

图1 不同放牧强度土壤大团聚体含量注：不同小写字母表示同一土层不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Soil macroaggregate content under different grazing intensitiesNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments of same soil layer at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同放牧强度土壤团聚体平均重量直径和几何平均直径注：不同小写字母表示同一土层不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 MWD and GMD of soil aggregates under different grazing intensitiesNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments of same soil layer at P<0.05 level.

表1 不同放牧强度土壤团聚体破坏率和可蚀性因子差异分析

Table 1 Difference analysis of soil aggregate destruction rate and erodibility factor under different grazing intensities

土层深度 Soil depth/cm	处理 Treatment	团聚体破坏率 PAD	可蚀性因子K Erodibility factor K
0—5	CK	0.322±0.108 αa	0.021 5±0.000 8 αa
	LG	0.273±0.128 αa	0.019 6±0.001 9 αb
	MG	0.247±0.115 αa	0.019 1±0.001 9 αc
	HG	0.189±0.113 αa	0.022 4±0.001 2 αa
5—10	CK	0.188±0.096 αa	0.020 4±0.001 8 αa
	LG	0.216±0.097 αa	0.017 5±0.001 3 αb
	MG	0.124±0.076 αa	0.018 1±0.002 9 αb
	HG	0.152±0.103 αa	0.020 9±0.001 3 αa
10—20	CK	0.192±0.109 αa	0.019 9±0.001 7 αa
	LG	0.089±0.045 βa	0.019 3±0.001 5 αa
	MG	0.102±0.026 αa	0.017 1±0.001 5 αb
	HG	0.081±0.063 αa	0.020 8±0.001 8 αa
20—30	CK	0.139±0.083 βa	0.020 1±0.001 7 αa
	LG	0.131±0.066 βa	0.019 4±0.002 1 αa
	MG	0.072±0.089 βa	0.016 8±0.001 6 αb
	HG	0.154±0.119 αa	0.020 4±0.001 5 βa
30—40	CK	0.189±0.113 βa	0.020 9±0.000 8 βa
	LG	0.152±0.103 βa	0.019 5±0.001 1 βb
	MG	0.154±0.119 βa	0.018 3±0.001 6 βb
	HG	0.139±0.128 βa	0.021 3±0.000 5 βa

图3 不同放牧强度土壤团聚体与土壤稳定性的关系注：K—可蚀性因子；R0.25—土壤水稳性大团聚体含量；MWD—平均重量直径；GMD—几何平均直径；PAD—团聚体破坏率。*和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平相关显著。

Fig. 3 Relationship between soil aggregates and soil stability under different grazing intensitiesNote：K—Erodibility factor；R0.25—Soil macroaggregate content；MWD—Mean weight diameter；GMD—Geometric mean diameter；PAD—Percentage of aggregate destruction. * and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively.

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放牧强度对荒漠草原土壤团聚体稳定性及可蚀性的影响

Effects of Grazing Intensity on Stability and Anti-erodibility of Soil Aggregates in Desert Steppe

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