有机肥替代化肥对土壤生物学特性及南瓜产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0804

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索有机肥替代化肥对设施大棚土壤生物学特性及贝贝南瓜产量的影响，明确有机肥替代化肥施用效果并筛选最佳替代比例，采用大田试验方法，设置100%化肥（T1）、有机肥分别替代20%（T2）、40%（T3）、60%（T4）、80%化肥（T5）和100%有机肥（T6）共6个处理，研究不同处理对南瓜生育期土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量、土壤呼吸速率动态变化和南瓜产量的影响。结果表明，有机肥替代化肥能够提高贝贝南瓜生育期0—40 cm土层土壤酶活性、微生物数量、土壤呼吸速率及南瓜产量，全生育期土壤酶活性在抽蔓期达到最高。在抽蔓期，T4和T5处理的0—40 cm土层土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性较T1处理分别提高70.75%和70.74%、7.89%和9.66%、56.07%和43.79%、10.73%和12.14%。有机肥替代化肥增加了土壤微生物数量和呼吸速率，随南瓜生育时期推进土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和土壤呼吸速率呈“单峰”曲线变化，在抽蔓期达到峰值；与T1处理相比，有机肥替代处理组0—40 cm土层土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别提高3.84%~31.35%、1.95%~24.13%、0.40%~21.07%，T4、T5处理间差异不显著，呼吸速率增强4.47%~30.79%；有机肥替代化肥能显著提高南瓜产量，T4、T5处理南瓜产量较T1处理分别显著提高39.93%、46.67%。因此，贝贝南瓜高效种植中有机肥替代化肥最佳比例为60%~80%。研究结果为该区贝贝南瓜化肥减量增效及高效栽培提供数据支撑。

关键词: 贝贝南瓜, 有机肥替代化肥, 土壤酶活性, 微生物数量, 土壤呼吸速率, 产量

Abstract:

To explore the effect of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the yield and soil biological characteristics of Beibei pumpkin in greenhouse facilities， and clarify the application effect of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer and screen the optimal proportion，a field experiment method was adopted and 6 treatments were set up： 100% fertilizer application （T1）， organic fertilizer replacing 20% （T2），40% （T3）， 60% （T4）， 80% fertilizer （T5）， respectively， and 100% organic fertilizer （T6）. The effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activity， microbial quantity， soil respiration rate and yield of Beibei pumpkin were analysed. The results showed that soil enzyme activity， microbial quantity， soil respiration rate and yield of pumpkin were increased under organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers in 0 to 40 cm soil layer during pumpkin growth stage and reached highest level during the vine growth stage. The activities of urease， alkaline phosphatase， sucrase， catalase of T4 and T5 treatments in 0 to 40 cm soil layer during the vine growth stage of Beibei pumpkin were increased by 70.75% and 70.74%， 7.89% and 9.66%， 56.07% and 43.79%， 10.73% and 12.14%， respectively. The microbial quantity and respiration rate were significantly increased by organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer. The number of soil bacteria， fungi， actinomycetes and soil respiration rate showed a “single peak” curve with the growth stage of pumpkin， and reached the peak at the vine growth stage. Compared with T1 treatment， the number of soil bacteria， fungi and actinomycetes in 0 to 40 cm soil layer of the organic fertilizer substitution treatment group increased by 3.84%~31.35%， 1.95%~24.13% and 0.40%~21.07%， respectively， there was no significant difference between T4 and T5 treatments，and the respiration rate increased by 4.47%~30.79%. Organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers could significantly increase pumpkin yield. Compared with T1 treatment， the pumpkin yield of T4 and T5 treatments significantly increased by 39.93% and 46.67%， respectively. Therefore， the optimal proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer was 60%~80%. Above results provided data support for the reduction of chemical fertilizers， improvement of efficiency and high-efficiency cultivation of Beibei pumpkins in this district.

Key words: Beibei pumpkin, organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers, soil enzyme activity, microbial quantity, soil respiration rate, yield

中图分类号:

S158.3

周琦, 刘强, 张靖, 邓超超, 王振龙, 柳洋, 吴芳, 常浩, 周彦芳, 宿翠翠, 施志国, 高正睿, 马凤捷. 有机肥替代化肥对土壤生物学特性及南瓜产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 190-203.

Qi ZHOU, Qiang LIU, Jing ZHANG, Chaochao DENG, Zhenlong WANG, Yang LIU, Fang WU, Hao CHANG, Yanfang ZHOU, Cuicui SU, Zhiguo SHI, Zhengrui GAO, Fengjie MA. Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Soil Biological Characteristics of Pumpkin[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(7): 190-203.

图/表 14

参考文献 40

[1]	朱建强,马维成,张国森,等.酒泉戈壁钢架大棚秋延茬贝贝南瓜高效栽培技术[J].中国蔬菜,2023(4):125-127.
[2]	BAJGAI Y, YESHEY Y, DE MASTRO G, et al.. Influence of nitrogen application on wheat crop performance,soil properties,greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint in central Bhutan [J/OL].Environ.Dev.,2019,32:100469 [2024-08-26]. .
[3]	于果,周晓博.农业化肥与生物有机肥对环境的影响研究[J].农业经济,2022(5):12-14.
[4]	HAN S Y, JI X H, HUANG L W, et al..Effects of aftercrop tomato and maize on the soil microenvironment and microbial diversity in a long-term cotton continuous cropping field [J/OL]. Front.Microbiol.,2024,15:1410219 [2024-08-26]..
[5]	强晓玉,浦瑜,陈沁,等.北京市设施蔬菜科学施肥模式应用现状及其推广建议[J].中国蔬菜, 2024(1):14-21.
	QIANG X Y, PU Y, CHEN Q, et al.. Application status of scientific fertilization model in Beijing facility vegetables and advise for its extension [J]. China Veg., 2024(1):14-21.
[6]	杨咏,方怀信,王祝余.有机肥替代部分化肥对春暖式大棚西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程技术,2023,43(4):43-44.
[7]	张奇茹,谢英荷,李廷亮,等.有机肥替代化肥对旱地小麦产量和养分利用效率的影响及其经济环境效应[J].中国农业科学,2020,53(23):4866-4878.
	ZHANG Q R, XIE Y H, LI T L, et al.. Effects of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers on yield,nutrient use efficiency,economic and environmental benefits of dryland wheat [J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2020, 53(23): 4866-4878.
[8]	胡庆兰,杨凯,王金贵.地膜覆盖及不同施肥处理对根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2023,32(3):429-439.
	HU Q L, YANG K, WANG J G. Effect of plastic mulching and different fertilization treatments on microbial quantity and enzyme activity of rhizosphere [J]. Acta Agric. Bor-Occid. Sin., 2023, 32(3): 429-439.
[9]	石磊,张睿佳.生物有机肥对鲜食玉米产量、土壤养分及微生物的影响[J].农学学报,2021,11(11):33-36.
	SHI L, ZHANG R J. Bio-organic fertilizers:effects on fresh corn yield,soil nutrients and microbes [J]. J. Agric., 2021,11(11):33-36.
[10]	高日平,王伟妮,狄彩霞,等.有机肥和秸秆还田对河套灌区盐渍化土壤养分及微生物数量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023(2):43-53.
	GAO R P, WANG W N, DI C X, et al.. Effects of organic manure and straw returning on nutrient and microbial quantity of saline soil in river-loop irrigation area [J]. Soils Fert. Sci. China, 2023(2):43-53.
[11]	JU J, GU Q, ZHOU H W, et al.. Effects of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on nutrients,enzyme activities,and rice yield in reclaimed soil [J]. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 2022, 53(22): 3060-3071.
[12]	赵娜,王小利,何进,等.有机肥替代化学氮肥对黄壤活性有机碳组分、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J].环境科学,2024,45(7):4196-4205.
	ZHAO N, WANG X L, HE J, et al.. Effects of replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer on active organic carbon fractions, enzyme activities, and crop yield in yellow soil [J]. Environ Sci., 2024, 45 (7): 4196-4205.
[13]	赵成雷,于建,郭新送,等.有机肥替代化肥对设施番茄产量、品质及土壤性状的影响[J].山东农业科学,2023,55(8):116-120.
	ZHAO C L, YU J, GUO X S, et al.. Effects of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on yield,quality and soil properties of greenhouse tomato [J]. Shandong Agric. Sci., 2023,55(8):116-120.
[14]	付强,张平良,刘晓伟,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对半干旱区马铃薯产量、水分和氮素利用率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023(10):143-149.
	FU Q, ZHANG P L, LIU X W, et al.. Effects of organic fertilizers partial replacing chemical fertilizers on potato yield,water and nitrogen utilization in semi-arid areas [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China, 2023(10):143-149.
[15]	李明瑞,王小利,段建军,等.有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分、酶活性及水稻产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学, 2024, 52(13): 230-235.
[16]	章家恩,刘文高,胡刚.不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物数量与土壤肥力的关系[J].土壤与环境,2002(2):140-143.
	ZHANG J E, LIU W G, HU G. The relationship between quantity index of soil microorganisms and soil fertility of different land use systems [J]. Soil Environ.Sci., 2002(2):140-143.
[17]	DOLTRA J, LÆGDSMAND M, OLESEN J E. Cereal yield and quality as affected by nitrogen availability in organic and conventional arable crop rotations:a combined modeling and experimental approach [J]. Eur. J. Agron., 2011, 34(2): 83-95.
[18]	LIANG Q, CHEN H Q, GONG Y S, et al.. Effects of 15 years of manure and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon fractions in a wheat-maize system in the North China Plain [J]. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 2012, 92(1): 21-33.
[19]	费聪.有机肥替代化肥对旱区雨养玉米养分吸收利用及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2024,38(7):1355-1364.
	FEI C. Effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on nutrient absorption-utilization and yield of rain-fed maize in arid region [J]. J. Nucl. Agric. Sci., 2024,38(7):1355-1364.
[20]	陈瑞州,李静,范家慧,等.不同施肥配比对芒果园土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].热带作物学报,2018,39(6):1055-1060.
	CHEN R Z, LI J, FAN J H, et al.. Effects of different fertilizer ratio on soil nutrient,microbial quantity and enzyme activity in mango garden [J]. Chin. J. Trop. Crops, 2018, 39(6):1055-1060.
[21]	陈军,王立光,叶春雷,等.耕作制度对胡麻土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(3):177-184, 214.
	CHEN J, WANG L G, YE C L, et al.. Effect of cropping system on flax soil enzyme activity [J]. Agric. Res. Arid Areas, 2019, 37(3):177-184, 214.
[22]	李晓婷,李立军,李杨,等.轮作方式对土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(9):68-73.
	LI X T, LI L J, LI Y, et al.. Effect of different crop rotation methods on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity [J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull., 2018, 34(9):68-73.
[23]	鲁金香,柴继宽,赵桂琴,等.祁连山区轮作对燕麦土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].草原与草坪,2023,43(3):108-117.
	LU J X, CHAI J K, ZHAO G Q, et al.. Effects of crop rotation on soil enzyme activities and microorganisms of oat in Qilian mountain area [J]. Grassland Turf., 2023, 43(3):108-117.
[24]	邓少虹,林明月,李伏生,等.施肥对喀斯特地区植草土壤碳库管理指数及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):262-268.
	DENG S H, LIN M Y, LI F S, et al.. Effects of fertilization on soil carbon pool management index and enzyme activities in pasture grown soil of the Karst region [J]. Acta Pratac. Sin., 2014, 23(4):262-268.
[25]	陈恩凤,周礼恺,武冠云.微团聚体的保肥供肥性能及其组成比例在评断土壤肥力水平中的意义[J].土壤学报,1994,31(1):18-25.
	CHEN E F, ZHOU L K, WU G Y.Performances of soil microaggregates in storing and supplying moisture and nutrients and role of their composition proportion in judging fertility level [J]. Acta Pedol. Sin., 1994, 31(1):18-25.
[26]	梁路,马臣,张然,等.有机无机肥配施提高旱地麦田土壤养分有效性及酶活性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2019,25(4):544-554.
	LIANG L, MA C, ZHANG R, et al.. Improvement of soil nutrient availability and enzyme activities in rainfed wheat field by combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers [J]. J. Plant Nutr. Fert., 2019, 25(4):544-554.
[27]	何念鹏,刘远,徐丽,等.土壤有机质分解的温度敏感性:培养与测定模式[J].生态学报,2018,38(11):4045-4051.
	HE N P, LIU Y, XU L, et al.. Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition:new insights into models of incubation and measurement [J]. Acta Ecol. Sin., 2018, 38(11):4045-4051.
[28]	罗珠珠,黄高宝,蔡立群,等.不同耕作方式下春小麦生育期土壤酶时空变化研究[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):94-101.
	LUO Z Z, HUANG G B, CAI L Q, et al.. Temporal and spatial disparities of soil enzyme activities during the spring wheat growing season under different tillage systems [J]. Acta Pratac. Sin., 2012, 21(6): 94-101.
[29]	李大荣,李小玲,周武先,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对湖北贝母生长及土壤性质的影响[J/OL].中国农业科技导报, 2025,27(3):216-226.
	LI D R, LI X L, ZHOU W X, et al.. Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on growth and soil properties of Fritillaria hupehensis [J/OL]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2025, 27(3): 216-226.
[30]	殷琳毅,李进,袁春新,等.生物有机肥替代化肥对土壤及荠菜产量、品质的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2023,36(1):85-89.
	YIN L Y, LI J, YUAN C X, et al.. Bioorganic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer affects the soil and shepherd’‍s purse yield and quality [J]. China Cucurbits Veg., 2023, 36(1):85-89.
[31]	WANG L K, LI X F. Steering soil microbiome to enhance soil system resilience [J]. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 2019,45(5/6):743-753.
[32]	邵孝侯,刘旭,周永波,等.生物有机肥改良连作土壤及烤烟生长发育的效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(2):65-67.
	SHAO X H, LIU X, ZHOU Y B, et al.. Effects of bio-organic fertilizer’‍s application on flue-cured tobacco planted on continuous cropping soil [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China, 2011(2):65-67.
[33]	汪自松,秦玉秀,沈伟,等.化肥减量配施有机肥对樱桃番茄土壤生物学特性及产量、品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2024(2):58-64.
	WANG Z S, QIN Y X, SHEN W, et al.. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application on soil biological characteristics,yield and quality of cherry tomato [J]. Soils Fert. Sci. China, 2024(2):58-64.
[34]	王磊, 高方胜, 曹逼力, 等. 有机肥和化肥配施对不同熟期大白菜土壤生物特性及产量品质的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2022,41(1):66-72.
	WANG L, GAO F S, CAO B L, et al.. Effects of combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application on soil biological characteristics, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage with different maturity periods [J]. Chin. J. Ecol., 2022,41(1):66-72.
[35]	彭宇, 闫会转, 肖中林, 等.不同施肥处理对盆栽辣椒土壤酶活性及土壤微生物含量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学,2022,59(9):2200-2208.
	PENG Y, YAN H Z, XIAO Z L, et al.. Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil enzyme activity and soil microbial content of potted pepper [J]. Xinjiang Agric. Sci., 2022, 59 (9): 2200-2208.
[36]	张明杰, 张振, 张馨方, 等. 生物有机肥和高碳基肥对皖南烟田土壤呼吸的影响[J].烟草科技, 2021, 54(10): 29-36.
	ZHANG M J, ZHANG Z, ZHANG X F, et al.. Effects of bioorganic fertilizer and high carbon base fertilizer on soil respiration of tobacco fields in southern Anhui province [J]. Tob. Sci. Technol., 2021, 54 (10): 29-36.
[37]	施志国,刘强,宿翠翠,等.添加木本泥炭和腐熟秸秆对黄沙土壤有机碳组分及南瓜产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2024,52(5):229-236.
[38]	马荣辉,梁金英,王宪刚,等.化肥减量配施有机肥对设施番茄产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响[J].北方园艺,2023(24):45-51.
	MA R H, LIANG J Y, WANG X G, et al.. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with application organic fertilizer on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse [J].Northern Hortic., 2023(24):45-51.
[39]	朱利霞,曹萌萌,桑成琛,等.生物有机肥替代化肥对玉米土壤肥力及酶活性的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2022,40(1):67-72.
	ZHU L X, CAO M M, SANG C C, et al.. Effects of bio-fertilizer partially substituting chemical fertilizer on soil fertility and enzyme activity in maize field [J]. J. Sichuan Agric. Univ., 2022, 40(1):67-72.
[40]	徐路路,王晓娟.有机肥等氮量替代化肥对土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023(1):23-29.
	XU L L, WANG X J. Effects of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen on soil nutrients and enzyme activities [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China, 2023(1):23-29.

处理 Treatment	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate	硫酸钾镁 Sulphate-potassium magnesium
T1	0.0	2.0	4.2	6.0
T2	12.6	1.6	3.4	4.7
T3	24.7	1.2	2.7	3.4
T4	37.1	0.8	1.9	2.1
T5	49.5	0.4	1.1	0.8
T6	61.8	0.0	0.3	0.0

处理 Treatment	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate	硫酸钾镁 Sulphate-potassium magnesium
T1	0.0	2.0	4.2	6.0
T2	12.6	1.6	3.4	4.7
T3	24.7	1.2	2.7	3.4
T4	37.1	0.8	1.9	2.1
T5	49.5	0.4	1.1	0.8
T6	61.8	0.0	0.3	0.0

生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	土层深度Soil layer/cm		平均 Average
生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	0—20	20—40	平均 Average
苗期 SS	T1	453.74±2.57 b	136.71±2.90 b	295.23±0.17 b
	T2	383.33±2.94 d	112.61±3.10 c	247.97±3.02 d
	T3	421.72±2.88 c	137.47±2.90 b	279.60±2.89 c
	T4	475.00±2.89 a	257.49±2.91 a	366.25±2.90 a
	T5	474.53±1.12 a	255.67±1.57 a	365.10±0.25 a
	T6	265.19±2.90 e	141.78±3.05 b	203.48±0.49 e
抽蔓期 VGS	T1	530.14±2.95 d	241.18±1.73 c	385.66±0.62 d
	T2	570.30±1.07 c	350.42±2.19 b	460.36±1.63 c
	T3	656.03±2.88 b	391.39±0.61 a	523.71±1.74 b
	T4	920.23±5.77 a	396.80±6.05 a	658.52±4.67 a
	T5	922.92±1.49 a	394.06±6.45 a	658.49±3.61 a
	T6	520.28±8.63 d	134.54±1.12 d	327.41±4.88 e
开花结瓜期 FFS	T1	524.16±3.15 d	249.26±1.31 c	386.72±2.22 d
	T2	560.26±4.91 c	344.07±2.83 b	452.17±3.87 c
	T3	638.19±3.07 b	357.16±11.92 b	497.68±7.21 b
	T4	918.07±1.24 a	383.15±1.51 a	650.61±1.06 a
	T5	914.65±3.26 a	382.98±1.55 a	648.82±2.39 a
	T6	501.64±1.30 e	235.14±3.54 c	368.39±1.24 e
成熟期 MS	T1	458.43±5.39 c	154.12±1.56 b	306.28±1.98 c
	T2	493.99±5.17 b	145.52±3.72 b	319.76±3.53 b
	T3	511.93±6.96 ab	146.03±3.44 b	328.98±2.77 b
	T4	538.34±8.33 a	188.49±4.01 a	363.41±5.10 a
	T5	530.15±2.69 a	188.27±4.62 a	359.21±2.09 a
	T6	467.96±6.23 c	148.71±5.13 b	308.34±5.13 c

生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	土层深度Soil layer/cm		平均 Average
生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	0—20	20—40	平均 Average
苗期 SS	T1	453.74±2.57 b	136.71±2.90 b	295.23±0.17 b
	T2	383.33±2.94 d	112.61±3.10 c	247.97±3.02 d
	T3	421.72±2.88 c	137.47±2.90 b	279.60±2.89 c
	T4	475.00±2.89 a	257.49±2.91 a	366.25±2.90 a
	T5	474.53±1.12 a	255.67±1.57 a	365.10±0.25 a
	T6	265.19±2.90 e	141.78±3.05 b	203.48±0.49 e
抽蔓期 VGS	T1	530.14±2.95 d	241.18±1.73 c	385.66±0.62 d
	T2	570.30±1.07 c	350.42±2.19 b	460.36±1.63 c
	T3	656.03±2.88 b	391.39±0.61 a	523.71±1.74 b
	T4	920.23±5.77 a	396.80±6.05 a	658.52±4.67 a
	T5	922.92±1.49 a	394.06±6.45 a	658.49±3.61 a
	T6	520.28±8.63 d	134.54±1.12 d	327.41±4.88 e
开花结瓜期 FFS	T1	524.16±3.15 d	249.26±1.31 c	386.72±2.22 d
	T2	560.26±4.91 c	344.07±2.83 b	452.17±3.87 c
	T3	638.19±3.07 b	357.16±11.92 b	497.68±7.21 b
	T4	918.07±1.24 a	383.15±1.51 a	650.61±1.06 a
	T5	914.65±3.26 a	382.98±1.55 a	648.82±2.39 a
	T6	501.64±1.30 e	235.14±3.54 c	368.39±1.24 e
成熟期 MS	T1	458.43±5.39 c	154.12±1.56 b	306.28±1.98 c
	T2	493.99±5.17 b	145.52±3.72 b	319.76±3.53 b
	T3	511.93±6.96 ab	146.03±3.44 b	328.98±2.77 b
	T4	538.34±8.33 a	188.49±4.01 a	363.41±5.10 a
	T5	530.15±2.69 a	188.27±4.62 a	359.21±2.09 a
	T6	467.96±6.23 c	148.71±5.13 b	308.34±5.13 c

生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	土层深度Soil layer/cm		平均 Average
生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	0—20	20—40	平均 Average
苗期 SS	T1	5.64±0.18 ab	2.31±0.09 b	3.98±0.13 b
	T2	5.59±0.12 ab	2.79±0.12 a	4.19±0.01 ab
	T3	5.20±0.08 b	2.06±0.06 bc	3.63±0.04 c
	T4	5.94±0.18 a	2.70±0.12 a	4.32±0.15 a
	T5	5.98±0.16 a	2.63±0.06 a	4.31±0.10 a
	T6	5.52±0.17 ab	1.84±0.06 c	3.68±0.06 c
抽蔓期 VGS	T1	8.15±0.05 bc	4.26±0.05 b	6.21±0.02 c
	T2	8.02±0.02 c	3.32±0.06 c	5.67±0.03 c
	T3	8.15±0.06 bc	4.28±0.07 b	6.18±0.04 b
	T4	8.34±0.03 ab	5.26±0.04 a	6.70±0.02 a
	T5	8.38±0.11 a	5.22±0.03 a	6.81±0.06 a
	T6	6.82±0.10 d	2.90±0.02 d	4.86±0.06 d
开花结瓜期 FFS	T1	8.05±0.02 ab	3.29±0.05 c	5.67±0.03 c
	T2	7.99±0.07 b	3.25±0.11 c	5.62±0.09 c
	T3	8.07±0.04 ab	4.09±0.04 b	6.12±0.04 b
	T4	8.13±0.07 ab	4.55±0.02 a	6.45±0.03 ab
	T5	8.18±0.06 a	4.64±0.01 a	6.41±0.04 a
	T6	6.44±0.06 c	2.60±0.13 d	4.52±0.05 d
成熟期 MS	T1	4.72±0.18 c	2.86±0.09 b	3.79±0.05 b
	T2	6.12±0.46 ab	2.34±0.12 c	4.23±0.29 b
	T3	5.56±0.29 b	2.64±0.06 b	4.10±0.12 b
	T4	6.48±0.18 a	3.29±0.12 a	4.89±0.15 a
	T5	6.53±0.16 a	3.14±0.06 a	4.84±0.10 a
	T6	4.07±0.17 c	1.35±0.06 d	2.71±0.06 c