外源乙烯利对色素辣椒脱叶及产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0981

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究外源乙烯利对色素辣椒叶片脱落及产量的影响，以色素辣椒品种‘晋椒801’为试材，分别喷施200（T200）、400（T400）、600（T600）、800（T800）、1 000 mg·L^-1（T1000）的外源乙烯利，以喷施清水为对照（CK），调查不同处理色素辣椒叶片落叶率，测定叶片中光合色素含量、糖类物质含量、抗氧化酶活性和果实产量等指标。结果表明，处理后12和15 d时T600处理的落叶率分别为43.95%和54.11%，分别是CK的5.06和5.46倍；且T600处理色素辣椒在5个采样时间点的果实产量均显著大于CK，分别达到该采样时间点的最大值。此外，外源乙烯利处理可减少色素辣椒叶片中叶绿素、还原糖和可溶性糖含量，降低超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）和过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性，减少淀粉积累，加速叶片衰老，增加叶片中丙二醛（malonaldehyde，MDA）含量，提高果实产量。随乙烯利处理剂量的增加，叶片的叶绿素、还原糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量逐渐减少，SOD和POD活性逐渐降低，MDA含量逐渐增加。在处理15 d时，T600处理可显著加速色素辣椒叶片衰老，其叶绿素和淀粉含量及SOD和POD活性较CK分别降低80.83%、31.42%、73.67%和37.19%；MDA含量较CK增加57.60%。综上，外源600 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理对促进色素辣椒叶片衰老和增加果实产量效果最好，以上研究结果为人工调控色素辣椒叶片脱落、提高色素辣椒机械化采收效率提供理论依据。

关键词: 乙烯利, 色素辣椒, 产量, 叶片脱落, 生理指标, 抗氧化酶活性

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of exogenous ethephon on leaf shedding and yield of pigmented pepper， the variety ‘Jinjiao 801’ was used as material， and different dosages of ethephon were set up including 200 （T200）， 400 （T400）， 600 （T600）， 800 （T800） and 1 000 mg·L^-1 （T1000）， with water as control （CK）. The deciduous rate of pigmented pepper leaves was investigated， and the contents of photosynthetic pigments， carbohydrates， antioxidant enzymes in pigmented pepper leaves and fruit yield were determined. The results showed that after processing for 12 and 15 d， the deciduous rates of T600 treatment were 43.95% and 54.11%， respectively， which were 5.06 and 5.46 times that of CK. The fruit yield of T600 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK at 5 sampling times， and the yield were the maximum at 5 sampling times. Exogenous ethephon treatment could reduce the contents of chlorophyll， reducing sugar and soluble sugar in pigmented pepper leaves， reduce the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD）， reduce starch accumulation， accelerate leaf senescence， increase malonaldehyde （MDA） content in pigmented pepper leaves， and improve fruit yield. With the increase of ethephon dosage， the contents of chlorophyll， reducing sugar， soluble sugar content and starch gradually decreased， the SOD and POD activities graduallies decreased， and the MDA content gradually increased. After processing for 15 d， compared with CK， T600 treatment significantly accelerated the senescence of pigmented pepper leaves， and the chlorophyll content， starch content， SOD activity and POD activity decreased by 80.83%， 31.42%， 73.67% and 37.19%， respectively， the content of MDA increased by 57.60%. To sum up， exogenous 600 mg·L^-1 ethephon treatment had the best effect on promoting leaf senescence and increasing fruit yield of pigmented pepper. Above results provided theoretical basis for artificially regulating leaf shedding of pigmented pepper and improving the mechanized harvesting efficiency of pigmented pepper.

Key words: ethephon, pigmented pepper, yield, leaf defoliation, physiological indicator, antioxidant enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S641.3

刘雪晴, 王静, 阳宜, 吴慧琴, 王延宏, 王麓尧, 路佳伟, 张凯璇, 翟源, 成妍. 外源乙烯利对色素辣椒脱叶及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(8): 36-46.

Xueqing LIU, Jing WANG, Yi YANG, Huiqin WU, Yanhong WANG, Luyao WANG, Jiawei LU, Kaixuan ZHANG, Yuan ZHAI, Yan CHENG. Effect of Exogenous Ethephon on Defoliation and Yield of Pigmented Pepper[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(8): 36-46.

图/表 13

表1 不同处理下色素辣椒的落叶率 (%)

Table 1 Deciduous rates of pepper under different treatments

处理 Treatment	处理后时间Time after processing/d
处理 Treatment	3	6	9	12	15
CK	2.033±0.569 f	5.573±0.103 e	6.195±0.550 e	8.685±0.106 f	9.904±0.071 f
T200	4.753±0.100e	8.150±0.231 d	13.012±0.825 d	23.873±0.328 e	33.178±2.107 e
T400	9.441±0.127 d	13.908±0.368 c	21.764±0.500 c	33.526±0.682 d	35.650±0.357 d
T600	16.588±0.252 a	27.782±2.032 a	32.462±1.015 a	43.952±0.437 a	54.110±2.029 a
T800	14.746±0.058 b	26.261±0.785 ab	30.970±1.516 ab	37.569±1.011 b	49.018±0.478 b
T1000	12.595±0.080 c	25.478±1.860 b	29.902±2.074 b	35.638±0.502 c	46.721±0.448 c

表2 不同处理下色素辣椒的单株果实数

Table 2 Number of fruits per plant of pigmented pepper under different treatments

处理 Treatment	处理后时间Time after processing/d
处理 Treatment	3	6	9	12	15
CK	20.33±1.53 c	22.33±1.53 b	21.67±0.58 c	23.33±1.53 c	23.67±1.53 c
T200	24.33±0.58 ab	26.33±1.53 a	25.67±1.53 b	27.33±1.53 b	26.67±0.58 b
T400	22.33±1.53 bc	25.67±1.53 a	24.67±1.53 b	25.67±1.53 bc	28.33±1.53 b
T600	25.00±1.00 a	27.33±1.53 a	29.67±1.53 a	30.00±1.00 a	31.00±1.00 a
T800	23.33±1.53 ab	17.67±1.53 c	17.67±1.53 d	15.00±1.00 d	16.67±1.53 d
T1000	20.67±1.53 c	16.33±1.53 c	14.67±1.53 e	14.33±1.53 d	11.67±0.58 e

表3 不同处理下色素辣椒的单果重 (g)

Table 3 Single fruit weight of pigmented pepper under different treatments

处理 Treatment	处理后时间Time after processing/d
处理 Treatment	3	6	9	12	15
CK	17.26±4.28 ab	18.10±1.64 ab	18.60±1.00 abc	19.08±1.27 b	19.36±1.11 bc
T200	16.53±4.49 ab	18.60±1.23 ab	18.13±1.72 abc	20.56±1.99 ab	21.88±1.10 a
T400	19.20±2.57 a	19.52±2.24 ab	18.88±1.38 ab	19.47±2.08 ab	21.61±1.61 ab
T600	19.75±2.75 a	20.63±3.20 a	19.42±2.03 a	21.54±2.13 a	22.59±2.16 a
T800	14.32±3.80 b	17.50±2.07 b	17.25±1.45 bc	18.56±2.01 b	18.69±2.66 c
T1000	13.02±2.22 b	17.23±1.63 b	16.82±1.30 c	18.36±1.41 b	18.60±2.79 c

表4 不同处理下色素辣椒果实的单株产量 (kg)

Table 4 Fruit yield per plant of pigmented pepper under different treatments

处理 Treatment	处理后时间Time after processing/d
处理 Treatment	3	6	9	12	15
CK	1.96±0.19 bc	2.11±0.14 b	2.00±0.15 c	2.20±0.12 c	2.38±0.21 c
T200	2.23±0.19 ab	2.50±0.07 ab	2.34±0.18 b	2.70±0.21 b	2.90±0.15 b
T400	2.16±0.04 abc	2.58±0.33 a	2.31±0.12 b	2.64±0.20 b	3.18±0.36 b
T600	2.41±0.14 a	2.66±0.37 a	2.78±0.23 a	3.28±0.17 a	3.68±0.16 a
T800	1.86±0.17 c	1.51±0.17 c	1.63±0.09 d	1.41±0.08 d	1.69±0.21 d
T1000	1.18±0.22 d	1.47±0.09 c	1.23±0.04 e	1.36±0.10 d	1.14±0.17 e

图1 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片的叶绿素含量

Fig. 1 Chlorophyll content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatments

图2 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片的淀粉含量

Fig. 2 Starch content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatments

图3 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片的还原糖含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Reducing sugar content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片的可溶性糖含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Soluble sugar content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片的MDA含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 MDA content in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片的SOD活性

Fig. 6 SOD activity in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatments

图7 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片的POD活性

Fig.7 POD activity in pigmented pepper leaf under different treatments

图8 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片和果实各指标间相关性分析注：DR—落叶率；NOFPP—单株果实数；SFW—单果重；Y—单株产量；C—叶绿素含量；S—淀粉含量；RS—还原糖含量；SS—可溶性糖含量；MDA—丙二醛含量；SOD—超氧化物歧化酶活性；POD—过氧化物酶活性。*、**和***分别表示在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平相关性显著。

Fig. 8 Correlation analysis between leaves and fruits of pigmented pepper under different treatmentsNote：DR—Deciduous rate；NOFPP—Number of fruits per plant；SFW—Single fruit weight；Y—Yield per plant；C—Chlorophyll content；S—Starch content；RS—Reducing sugar content；SS—Soluble sugars content；MDA—Malonaldehyde content；SOD—Superoxide dismutase activity；POD—Peroxide activity. *， ** and *** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05， P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

图9 不同处理下色素辣椒叶片和果实各指标间主成分分析A：散点图；B：载荷图。DR—落叶率；NOFPP—单株果实数；SFW—单果重；Y—单株产量；C—叶绿素含量；S—淀粉含量；RS—还原糖含量；SS—可溶性糖含量；MDA—丙二醛含量；SOD—超氧化物歧化酶活性；POD—过氧化物酶活性

Fig. 9 Principal component analysis of leaves and fruits of pigmented pepper under different treatmentsA： Scatter diagram； B：Load diagram. DR—Deciduous rate；NOFPP—Number of fruits per plant；SFW—Single fruit weight；Y—Yield per plant；C—Chlorophyll content； S—Starch content；RS—Reducing sugar content；SS—Soluble sugars content；MDA—Malonaldehyde content；SOD—Superoxide dismutase activity； POD—Peroxide activity

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