我国水产养殖与捕捞业“双碳”目标及实现路径

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在碳达峰、碳中和大背景下，设定和践行具有行业特色的“双碳”目标，对推动我国渔业绿色高质量发展和助力国家“双碳”战略具有现实意义。渔业以水产养殖与捕捞业为主要产业形式，具有碳源碳汇双重属性。基于已有碳排放和碳汇核算方法，探索中国水产养殖与捕捞业“双碳”目标及实现路径，分析发现：①2011—2020年，受产业规模扩大和“减船转产”政策双重影响，水产养殖与捕捞业的碳排放量先增后降，当前饲料投喂碳排放为水产养殖与捕捞业的首要碳源；②受养殖业快速发展的影响，水产养殖与捕捞业总碳汇波动上升，养殖碳汇超过捕捞碳汇；③水产养殖与捕捞业更偏碳源属性，超3 000万t碳未实现中和。综合中长期水产品需求压力和产业绿色高质量发展形势，设定了符合水产养殖与捕捞行业特色的 “双碳”目标，并提出重点环节减排、扩大渔业增汇的技术路径以及探索渔业碳汇交易机制、强化政策支持引导的社会管理路径。期望助力我国水产养殖与捕捞业实现碳达峰、碳中和目标，推动水产养殖与捕捞业由粗放、低效、高耗能向集约、高效、绿色产业转型，从而为促进产业发展和民众富裕提供有益参考。

关键词: 水产养殖与捕捞业, 碳排放, 碳汇, “双碳”目标, 渔业

Abstract:

Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization，setting and implementing reasonable industry-specific goals has practical significance for the green and high-quality development of China’s fishery and the “dual carbon” strategy. Fishery mainly contains the aquaculture and fishing industry and has double attributes of carbon source and carbon sink. Based on the existing carbon emission and carbon sink accounting methods， this paper explored the “double carbon” goals of China’s aquaculture and fishing industry and the paths to achieve it. The analysis results showed that： ①from 2011 to 2020， due to the double influences of the expansion of fishery and the policy of “reducing ships and changing production”， the carbon emissions increased firstly and then decreased， but it remained to be seen whether the carbon emissions reached a peak； carbon emissions from aquatic feed was the largest carbon source； ② due to the affection of the rapid development of aquaculture， the carbon sinks experienced a rise in volatility， and aquaculture became the primary source of carbon sinks； ③aquaculture and fishing industry were both dual in carbon cycle， and they were more carbon source in China with over 3×10⁷ t of carbon not being neutralized. This paper set reasonable goals of carbon peak and neutralization for aquaculture and fishing industry， based on the big demand of aquatic products and the high-quality green development of aquaculture and fishing industry in China. In order to achieve the carbon goals， this paper proposed technical paths of reducing emissions in key links and expanding fishery sinks， social management methods for exploring fishery carbon trading mechanism and strengthening policy guidance. This paper provided useful reference for supporting China’s aquaculture and fishing industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals， and promote the transformation and upgrade of China’s aquaculture and fishing industry.

Key words: aquaculture and fishing industry, carbon emission, carbon sink, “double carbon” goals, fishery industry

中图分类号:

李雪, 刘子飞, 赵明军, 徐乐俊, 孙慧武. 我国水产养殖与捕捞业“双碳”目标及实现路径[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(11): 13-26.

Xue LI, Zifei LIU, Mingjun ZHAO, Lejun XU, Huiwu SUN. Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Goals and Realization Paths of the Aquaculture and Fishing Industry in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 13-26.

图/表 13

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营养成分 Nutrient	比例 Ratio/%	碳质量分数 Mass fraction of C/%
蛋白质 Protein	35.00	52.55
脂肪 Fat	10.00	76.50
碳水化合物Carbohydrate	25.00	40.00
其他 Others	30.00	—

营养成分 Nutrient	比例 Ratio/%	碳质量分数 Mass fraction of C/%
蛋白质 Protein	35.00	52.55
脂肪 Fat	10.00	76.50
碳水化合物Carbohydrate	25.00	40.00
其他 Others	30.00	—

养殖方式Aquaculture mode	类别 Category		海水 Seawater	淡水 Freshwater
工厂化养殖 Industrialized aquaculture	增氧 Oxygenation	水体投饲率Feed ratio/%	3	3
		饲料耗氧量 Oxygen consumption of feed/（kg·kg^-1）	0.5	0.5
		罗茨风机产氧 Oxygen production of Roots blower/（g·kWh^-1）	0.8	0.8
		年运行时间 Running time per year/d	200	200
	换水 Water renewal	次数 Times	4	4
		流量Flow/（m³·kWh^-1）	20	30
		运行时间 Running time per year/d	200	200
池塘养殖 Pond aquaculture	增氧 Oxygenation	需氧面积占比Percent of oxygenation area/%	80	80
		耗电量Power consumption/（kWh·hm^-2）	2.25	2.24
		使用频次Using frequency/ （h·d^-1）	4	4
		年运行时间 Running time per year/d	200	200
	换水 Water renewal	平均水深Average depth/m	1	1.5
		换水率Water renewal ratio/%	2	2
		流量Flow/（m³·kWh^-1）	60	60
		年运行时间 Running time per year/d	200	200

养殖方式Aquaculture mode	类别 Category		海水 Seawater	淡水 Freshwater
工厂化养殖 Industrialized aquaculture	增氧 Oxygenation	水体投饲率Feed ratio/%	3	3
		饲料耗氧量 Oxygen consumption of feed/（kg·kg^-1）	0.5	0.5
		罗茨风机产氧 Oxygen production of Roots blower/（g·kWh^-1）	0.8	0.8
		年运行时间 Running time per year/d	200	200
	换水 Water renewal	次数 Times	4	4
		流量Flow/（m³·kWh^-1）	20	30
		运行时间 Running time per year/d	200	200
池塘养殖 Pond aquaculture	增氧 Oxygenation	需氧面积占比Percent of oxygenation area/%	80	80
		耗电量Power consumption/（kWh·hm^-2）	2.25	2.24
		使用频次Using frequency/ （h·d^-1）	4	4
		年运行时间 Running time per year/d	200	200
	换水 Water renewal	平均水深Average depth/m	1	1.5
		换水率Water renewal ratio/%	2	2
		流量Flow/（m³·kWh^-1）	60	60
		年运行时间 Running time per year/d	200	200

参数 Parameter		扇贝 Pectinidae	蛤 Mactra	牡蛎 Ostrea gigas thunberg	贻贝 Mytilus edulis	其他 Others
湿、干重转换系数 Wet/dry weight conversion factor		63.89	52.55	65.10	75.28	64.21
质量比重 Mass proportion/%	软组织 Soft tissue	14.35	1.98	6.14	8.47	11.41
质量比重 Mass proportion/%	壳 Shell	85.65	98.02	93.86	91.53	88.59
碳含量 Carbon content/%	软组织 Soft tissue	42.84	44.90	45.98	44.40	43.87
碳含量 Carbon content/%	壳 Shell	11.40	11.52	12.68	11.76	11.44
碳汇系数 Carbon sink coefficient/%		10.17	6.40	9.59	10.93	9.72