不同二氧化碳含量对马铃薯贮藏室内温度分布的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0349

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统半地下式贮藏室在贮藏马铃薯的过程中，因二氧化碳含量上升易引起温室效应。为明确因马铃薯呼吸作用导致的二氧化碳含量变化对贮藏室内温度分布的影响规律，以我国西部地区典型的半地下式马铃薯贮藏室为研究载体，借助计算流体力学方法，采用多孔介质模型、k-ε湍流模型，结合内热源模型构建贮藏室内马铃薯堆体-环境间的热质交换与气体流动的三维数值求解模型。为确保数值仿真结果的准确性，针对数值方法及网格无关性进行了验证。结果表明，对马铃薯堆体特定位置温度的监测对比发现，试验值与模拟值之间的平均相对误差为8.26%，最大相对误差为9.77%，进一步确认了贮藏室数值传热模型及马铃薯堆体等效热模型的可靠性。以2022年1月某天的贮藏室内外的环境因子数据为条件，当二氧化碳含量为0.15%时，室内温度分布沿马铃薯堆体向四周逐层下降，二氧化碳喷口使得堆体后方出现了1个高温区；当二氧化碳含量由0.00%提升至0.30%时，室内平均温度由1.34 ℃提升到1.36 ℃，马铃薯堆平均温度由1.93 ℃提升至1.94 ℃。对比0.00%、0.15%及0.30%的二氧化碳含量下的室内温度分布，可知贮藏室内二氧化碳含量的提高有效地提升了贮藏室内的整体温度。研究结果对于半地下式贮藏室数学模型的建立及选择适合的二氧化碳含量控制装置有重要的参考价值。

关键词: 环境因子, 马铃薯贮藏室, 二氧化碳, CFD数值计算, 温度

Abstract:

Within the context of storing potatoes in traditional semi-underground storage room， the greenhouse effect is caused by the increase of CO₂ content. In order to clarify the distribution law of the temperature in the storage room due to the change of CO₂ content caused by potato respiration， taking the typical semi-underground potato storage room in western China as the research carrier， with the help of computational fluid dynamics method， the porous media model， k-ε turbulence model， and internal heat source model were used to construct a three dimensional numerical solution model of the heat and mass exchange with gas flow between the potato pile and the environment in the storage room. To ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation results， the numerical method and grid independence were verified. The results showed that through a comparative experiment monitoring the temperature at specific locations of potato stacks， it was found that the average relative error between experimental values and simulated values was 8.26%， with a maximum relative error of 9.77%， further confirming the reliability of the numerical heat transfer model for the storage room and the equivalent thermal model for potato stacks. Based on the environmental factor data inside and outside the storage room on a certain day in January 2022， when the CO₂ content was 0.15%， the indoor temperature distribution decreased layer by layer along the potato pile， and the CO₂ vent made a high temperature zone appear behind the pile. When the CO₂ content increased from 0.00% to 0.30%， the average indoor temperature increased from 1.34 to 1.36 ℃， and the average temperature of the potato pile increased from 1.93 to 1.94 ℃. Comparing the indoor temperature distribution under the carbon dioxide content of 0.00%， 0.15% and 0.30% components， the overall temperature in the storage room was effectively increased with the increase of the CO₂ content in the storage room. The results of this paper had important reference value for the establishment of mathematical models of semi-underground storage rooms and the selection of suitable carbon dioxide concentration control devices.

Key words: environmental factors, potato storage room, CO₂, CFD numerical calculation, temperature

中图分类号:

S229+.3

甄琦, 闫广泽, 塔娜, 赵志勇, 于慧敏. 不同二氧化碳含量对马铃薯贮藏室内温度分布的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(11): 154-165.

Qi ZHEN, Guangze YAN, Na TA, Zhiyong ZHAO, Huimin YU. Effect of Different CO₂ Contents on Temperature Distribution in Potato Storage Room[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(11): 154-165.

图/表 14

图1 半地下式贮藏室外观、尺寸及设备布置A.马铃薯贮藏室外观； B.贮藏室正视图； C.贮藏室侧视图；D.贮藏室俯视图

Fig. 1 Appearance， size and equipment layout of the semi-underground storage roomA．Exterior view of the potato storage room； B. Front view of the storage room； C. Side view of the storage room； D. Top view of the storage room

图2 马铃薯贮藏室几何模型

Fig. 2 Diagram of numerical model of potato storage room

图3 贮藏室内马铃薯堆体及设备

Fig. 3 Diagram of potato stack and equipment in storage room

表1 壁面边界条件参数设置

Table 1 Setting parameters of wall boundary conditions

名称Name	材料Material	壁厚Wall thickness /m	传热方式Heat transfer method	温度Temperature/℃
东墙East wall	红砖Red brick	0.37	导热Heat conduction	1.03
南墙South wall	红砖Red brick	0.37	导热Heat conduction	0.87
西墙West wall	红砖Red brick	0.37	导热Heat conduction	0.92
北墙North wall	红砖Red brick	0.37	导热Heat conduction	1.69
顶墙Top wall	红砖Red brick	0.37	导热Heat conduction	0.83
底墙Bottom wall	土壤Soil	2.00	导热Heat conduction	1.29

表2 材料参数设置

Table 2 Material parameter settings

名称 Name	密度 Density/（kg·m^-³）	比热 Specific heat/ （J·kg^-1·K^-1）	导热系数 Thermal conductivity/ （W·m^-1·K^-1）	对流换热系数 Convective heat transfer coefficient/（W·m^-2·K^-1）
红砖Red brick	2 200	880	1.4	21.12
土壤Soil	1 700	2 010	2.0	21.12
空气Air	1.225	1 006	0.024 2	—
水蒸汽Water vapor	1.240	1 007	0.025 1	—
马铃薯Potato	1 100	1900	0.6	21.12
内热源Internal heat source	7 790	450	43.5	—

图4 数值方法验证结果

Fig. 4 Numerical method verification results

图5 模拟值与实测值对比

Fig. 5 Comparison of simulated value and measured value

图6 网格无关性验证结果

Fig. 6 Grid independence verification results

图7 贮藏室不同位置截面

Fig. 7 Different positions in the storage room

图8 0.15% CO2含量下贮藏室内温度分布A：X=0.5、4.0、7.5 m处的温度分布； B： Y=0.3、1.3、2.3 m处的温度分布； C： Z=0.3、2.0、3.7 m处的温度分布

Fig. 8 Temperature distribution in storage room under 0.15% CO2 gas contentA：Temperature distribution at X=0.5， 4.0， 7.5 m； B：Temperature distribution at Y=0.3，1.3，2.3 m； C： Temperature distribution at Z=0.3，2.0，3.7 m

图9 贮藏室在X=4 m处不同CO2气体含量的温度分布A：CO2含量为0.00%时的温度分布； B：CO2含量为0.15%时的温度分布； C： CO2含量为0.30%时的温度分布

Fig. 9 Temperature distribution of different CO2 gas content in the storage room at X=4 mA：Temperature distribution at 0.00% of the CO2 content； B：Temperature distribution at 0.15% of the CO2 content； C：Temperature distribution at 0.30% of the CO2 content

图10 贮藏室在Z=2 m处不同CO2气体含量的温度分布A：CO2含量为0.00%时的温度分布； B： CO2含量为0.15%时的温度分布； C： CO2含量为0.30%时的温度分布

Fig. 10 Temperature distribution of different CO2 gas content in the storage room at Z=2 mA：Temperature distribution at 0.00% of the CO2 content； B： Temperature distribution at 0.15% of the CO2 content； C： Temperature distribution at 0.30% of the CO2 content

图11 贮藏室中心横切面温度分布

Fig. 11 Temperature distribution in the cross-section of the center of the storage room

图12 贮藏室中心竖切面温度分布

Fig. 12 Temperature distribution of the vertical section in the center of the storage room

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