3类朝天椒重金属健康风险评价与镉吸收累积差异

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0541

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究遵义市朝天椒的健康风险及其吸收累积风险元素镉（Cd）的差异，采用目标危害系数法评价了3类朝天椒（按形状分为指型、锥型与圆型）果实重金属镉（Cd）、砷（As）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）的健康风险，并通过盆栽试验探究3类朝天椒对Cd的吸收累积差异的机制。结果表明，研究区3类朝天椒仅存在Cd超标现象，指型朝天椒、锥型朝天椒与圆型朝天椒的果实对土壤Cd的富集系数（biological enrichment factor，BCF）分别为0.35、0.25、0.15。食用圆型朝天椒危害指数最低，食用指型朝天椒危害指数最高，健康风险主要来源于Cd。盆栽试验的3类朝天椒果实Cd含量表现为：指型朝天椒>锥型朝天椒>圆型朝天椒，前两者果实Cd含量超标（>0.1 mg·kg^-1），而圆型朝天椒果实Cd含量未超标；圆型朝天椒对土壤Cd的富集系数及其茎向果实的Cd转运系数（transport factor， TF） TF_果/茎和叶向果实的Cd转运系数（TF_果/叶）均显著低于指型朝天椒。指型朝天椒与圆型朝天椒的根向地上部转运Cd的能力（TF_{地上部/根}）差异不显著；相关性分析显示，辣椒果实Cd含量与BCF呈显著正相关，与TF_果/茎和TF_果/叶呈极显著正相关，与TF_{地上部/根}相关性不显著。可见，圆型朝天椒对土壤Cd的低富集能力和其地上部营养器官（茎叶）对Cd的再分配能力较弱是其低Cd风险的原因。综上，建议研究区居民种植与食用圆型朝天椒，并采取阻控措施降低辣椒Cd超标风险。

关键词: 朝天椒, 重金属, 食用安全性, 镉吸收累积

Abstract:

To explore the health risk of eating pod peppers cultivated in Zunyi municipality and the difference in the absorption and accumulation of risk element（Cd） by pod peppers， the health risk of heavy metals （Cd， As， Pb， Cu， and Zn） from consuming three types of peppers （the finger， the taper， and the circular） were comprehensively evaluated using target hazard quotient， and the mechanism of the difference in the absorption of Cd by the three types of pod peppers were studied in pot experiment. The results showed that there was Cd concent of three types of pod peppers over the limit value. The biological enrichment factor （BCF） of soil Cd by finger peppers， taper peppers and circular peppers were 0.35， 0.25， 0.15， respectively. There was the highest hazard quotient from consuming finger peppers. And there was the lowest hazard quotient from consuming circular peppers. The Cd content of three types of pod pepper fruits in the pot experiment was as follows： the finger pepper > the taper pepper > the circular pepper. The Cd content of the finger pepper and the taper pepper exceeded the limit value （>0.1 mg·kg^-1）， respectively， while the Cd content of the circular pepper fruits did not exceed the limit value. The BCF of soil Cd by the circular pepper and the transport factor of Cd from stems and leaves to fruits （TF_fruits/stems and TF_{fruits/leaves}） were significantly lower than those of the finger pepper. And the difference in the transport factor of Cd from roots to shoots （TF_shoots/roots） between the finger pepper and the circular pepper was not significant. Correlation analysis also showed that Cd content in fruits of pod pepper was significantly positively correlated with BCF， highly significantly and positively correlated with TF_fruits/stems or TF_{fruits/leaves}， and insignificantly correlated with TF_shoot/root. It could be seen that the low Cd biological enrichment factor of soil Cd by the circular pepper and the weak redistribution capability of Cd by its aboveground vegetative organs （stems and leaves） were responsible for its low Cd risk. In conclusion， it was recommended that residents in the study area should cultivate and consume circular peppers and take barrier control measures to reduce the risk of Cd in pepper fruits.

Key words: pepper, heavy metal, edible safety, absorption and accumulation of Cd

中图分类号:

柴冠群, 王丽, 刘桂华, 罗沐欣键, 蒋亚, 梁红, 范成五. 3类朝天椒重金属健康风险评价与镉吸收累积差异[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(3): 169-177.

Guanqun CHAI, Li WANG, Guihua LIU, Xinjian LUOMU, Ya JIANG, Hong LIANG, Chengwu FAN. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Differences in Cd Uptake and Accumulation of Three Types of Pod Peppers[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(3): 169-177.

图/表 7

表1 辣椒样品中重金属含量 (mg·kg-1)

Table 1 Heavy metal concent in pepper samples

辣椒类型 Pepper type	指标Index	镉 Cd	砷 As	铅 Pb	铜 Cu	锌 Zn
指型朝天椒 Finger pepper	均值 Mean	0.29^* 0.13～0.55	0.044^* 0.02~0.08	0.07^* 0.03～0.17	7.44 4.70～11.40	19.46 14.70～27.80
指型朝天椒 Finger pepper	变幅 Range	0.29^* 0.13～0.55	0.044^* 0.02~0.08	0.07^* 0.03～0.17	7.44 4.70～11.40	19.46 14.70～27.80
锥型朝天椒 Taper pepper	均值 Mean	0.19^* 0.09～0.35	0.043^* 0.03~0.06	0.06^* 0.03～0.11	8.38 4.60～11.00	18.85 14.60～23.40
锥型朝天椒 Taper pepper	变幅 Range	0.19^* 0.09～0.35	0.043^* 0.03~0.06	0.06^* 0.03～0.11	8.38 4.60～11.00	18.85 14.60～23.40
圆型朝天椒 Circular pepper	均值 Mean	0.11 0.06～0.33	0.037^* 0.03～0.05	0.04^* 0.02～0.07	4.66 3.30～6.70	15.18 12.60～17.10
圆型朝天椒 Circular pepper	变幅 Range	0.11 0.06～0.33	0.037^* 0.03～0.05	0.04^* 0.02～0.07	4.66 3.30～6.70	15.18 12.60～17.10
国标限值^［21］National standard limit		0.1	0.5	0.5

图1 3种类型朝天椒重金属平均摄入量健康风险

Fig. 1 Health risks of average heavy metals intake of three types of peppers

图2 3种类型朝天椒果实Cd超标样品占比与果实Cd富集系数

Fig. 2 Proportion of samples of Cd concent in three types of pepper fruit exceeding standard and biological enrichment factor of soil Cd by fruits

图3 3种类型朝天椒不同部位Cd含量注：相同部位不同小写字母表示不同基因型朝天椒Cd含量差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 3 Cd contents in different part of three types of peppersNote：Different lowercase letters in the same part indicate significant differences of Cd content between different genotype pepper at P<0.05 level.

图4 3种类型朝天椒不同部位及整株的Cd累积注：图柱上不同小写字母表示不同基因型朝天椒相同部位Cd累积量差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 4 Cd accumulation in different part and whole plant of three types of peppersNote：Different lowercase letters on the columns indicate significant differences of Cd accumulation in the same part of different genotype pepper at P<0.05 level.

表2 3种类型朝天椒对Cd的富集与转运系数

Table 2 Enrichment and transport coefficients of Cd in three types of peppers

辣椒类型 Pepper type	富集系数 BCF	转运系数 Transport coefficient
辣椒类型 Pepper type	富集系数 BCF	地上部/根 shoot/root	果/叶 fruits/leaves	果/茎 fruits/stems
指型朝天椒 Finger pepper	2.03±0.04 a	1.11±0.10 a	0.45±0.08 a	0.51±0.08 a
锥型朝天椒 Taper pepper	1.65±0.07 b	1.00±0.08 a	0.20±0.04 b	0.25±0.07 b
圆型朝天椒 Circular pepper	1.13±0.03 c	1.04±0.06 a	0.14±0.04 b	0.19±0.05 b

表3 辣椒果实Cd含量与各参数相关性

Table 3 Correlation coefficients between Cd content in pepper fruit and tissues of plant

指标	富集系数 BCF	转运系数 Transport coefficient			果实质量 Fruit weight
指标	富集系数 BCF	地上部/根 shoot/root	果/叶 fruits/leaves	果/茎 fruits/stems	果实质量 Fruit weight
Cd含量 Cd content	0.694^*	0.251	0.862^**	0.891^**	-0.737^*

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