吉林西部半干旱地区不同谷子品种产量与农艺性状的分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0184

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同农艺性状对产量的影响，筛选适宜吉林西部种植的谷子品种，对20个谷子品种在各重要生育期节点的23个农艺性状进行观察并测定产量，采用变异分析、偏相关分析、相关分析和通径分析等方法进行评价。结果表明，单穗粒重的变异系数最大（15.3%），生育日数的变异系数最小（5.9%）；抽穗期茎节数、成熟期茎节数、拔节期叶片数、抽穗期叶片数、成熟期倒第2片叶长、穗粗、单穗重、单穗粒重、千粒重共同影响了产量98.6%的变异；偏相关分析表明，产量与抽穗期茎节数、抽穗期叶片数、穗粗、单穗粒重显著相关，偏相关系数分别为-0.687、0.642、0.647和0.573；相关分析表明，穗长、单穗重和单穗粒重均与产量呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.601、0.958、0.962，穗粗与产量呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.559；通径分析表明，成熟期茎节数、抽穗期叶片数、成熟期倒第2片叶长、穗粗、单穗粒重、千粒重对产量有正直接效应，单穗粒重对产量的直接作用最大。综上所述，冀谷168、中谷9号、嫩选18为适宜吉林西部半干旱地区种植的中熟、高产品种，应以单穗粒重和单穗重为主，抽穗期茎节数、抽穗期叶片数和穗粗为辅开展田间筛选和品种选育。以上结果为吉林西部半干旱地区谷子新品种选育和高产品种筛选提供依据。

关键词: 谷子, 产量, 农艺性状, 分析

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different agronomic traits on yield， and screen suitable varieties of foxtail millet for planting in western Jilin， 23 agronomic traits and yield of 20 millet varieties were tracked and measured on important growth stages. Variation analysis， partial correlation analysis， correlation analysis and path analysis were used to evaluate. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of single grain weight was the largest （15.3%）， while the coefficient of variation of growth period was the smallest （5.9%）. The number of stems during heading stage， number of stems during maturity stage， number of leaves during tillering stage， number of leaves during heading stage， length of the second last leaf during maturity stage， spike thickness， single panicle weight， single grain weight， and 1 000-grain weight jointly accounted for 98.6% of the variation in yield. The partial correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly correlated with the number of stems during heading stage， number of leaves during heading stage， spike thickness， and single grain weight， with partial correlation coefficients of -0.687， 0.642， 0.647 and 0.573， respectively. The correlation analysis showed that spike length， single panicle weight， and single grain weight were significantly positively correlated with the yield， with correlation coefficients of 0.601， 0.958 and 0.962， respectively； the spike thickness was positively correlated with the yield， with correlation coefficient of 0.559. The path analysis showed that the number of stems during maturity stage， number of leaves during heading stage， length of the second last leaf during maturity stage， spike thickness， single grain weight， and 1 000-grain weight had direct positive effects on yield. In conclusion， Jigu 168， Zhonggu 9 and Nenxuan 18 were mid-maturing and high-yield cultivars suitable for planting in semi-arid areas of western Jilin. Single grain weight and single panicle weight should be the main selection criteria， with the number of stems during heading stage， number of leaves during heading stage and spike thickness as supporting criteria for field screening and cultivar selection. Above results provided a basis for breeding new foxtail millet varieties and screening high-yield strains in semi-arid areas of western Jilin.

Key words: foxtail millet, yield, agronomical traits, analysis

中图分类号:

S515

刘婷婷, 郝曦煜, 王辉, 冷静文, 宫世航, 刘伟. 吉林西部半干旱地区不同谷子品种产量与农艺性状的分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(1): 50-60.

Tingting LIU, Xiyu HAO, Hui WANG, Jingwen LENG, Shihang GONG, Wei LIU. Correlation Analysis Between Yield and Agronomical Traits of Different Foxtail Millet Varieties in Semi-arid Area of Western Jilin Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(1): 50-60.

图/表 7

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性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异幅度 Variation range	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
生育日数 GP/d	114.3	6.8	96.5~124.0	5.9
拔节期茎节数 NST	4.3	0.4	4.0~5.0	10.5
抽穗期茎节数 NSH	11.5	1.5	7.0~14.0	13.4
成熟期茎节数 NSM	12.5	1.4	9.0~14.0	10.9
拔节期茎粗 STT/cm	1.0	0.1	0.8~1.2	10.1
抽穗期茎粗 STH/cm	1.0	0.1	0.9~1.3	11.1
成熟期茎粗 STM/cm	1.1	0.2	0.9~1.6	14.1
拔节期叶片数 NLT	9.3	0.6	8.0~10.0	6.1
抽穗期叶片数 NLH	11.8	1.4	10.0~15.0	11.7
成熟期叶片数 NLM	13.5	1.3	11.0~16.0	9.8
拔节期倒第2叶叶长 LSLLT/cm	51.1	6.2	37.0~61.5	12.2
抽穗期倒第2叶叶长 LSLLH/cm	56.5	4.1	47.8~61.6	7.3
成熟期倒第2叶叶长 LSLLM/cm	58.7	4.1	50.0~64.2	7.1
拔节期倒第2叶叶宽 WSLLT/cm	2.7	0.2	2.2~3.1	7.0
抽穗期倒第2叶叶宽 WSLLH/cm	2.9	0.2	2.5~3.4	7.2
成熟期倒第2叶叶宽 WSLLM/cm	3.2	0.3	2.6~4.0	10.2
株高 PH/cm	151.7	22.3	88.2~197.0	14.7
穗长 SL/cm	23.1	2.9	18.1~28.5	12.6
穗粗 ST/cm	3.0	0.3	2.5~3.5	10.3
单穗重 SPW/g	22.1	3.1	17.0~28.1	13.9
单穗粒重 SGW/g	18.2	2.8	13.6~24.0	15.3
千粒重 TGW/g	2.9	0.2	2.6~3.2	6.6
产量 Y/（kg·hm^-2）	5 510.8	530.3	4 734.0~6 430.5	9.6

性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异幅度 Variation range	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
生育日数 GP/d	114.3	6.8	96.5~124.0	5.9
拔节期茎节数 NST	4.3	0.4	4.0~5.0	10.5
抽穗期茎节数 NSH	11.5	1.5	7.0~14.0	13.4
成熟期茎节数 NSM	12.5	1.4	9.0~14.0	10.9
拔节期茎粗 STT/cm	1.0	0.1	0.8~1.2	10.1
抽穗期茎粗 STH/cm	1.0	0.1	0.9~1.3	11.1
成熟期茎粗 STM/cm	1.1	0.2	0.9~1.6	14.1
拔节期叶片数 NLT	9.3	0.6	8.0~10.0	6.1
抽穗期叶片数 NLH	11.8	1.4	10.0~15.0	11.7
成熟期叶片数 NLM	13.5	1.3	11.0~16.0	9.8
拔节期倒第2叶叶长 LSLLT/cm	51.1	6.2	37.0~61.5	12.2
抽穗期倒第2叶叶长 LSLLH/cm	56.5	4.1	47.8~61.6	7.3
成熟期倒第2叶叶长 LSLLM/cm	58.7	4.1	50.0~64.2	7.1
拔节期倒第2叶叶宽 WSLLT/cm	2.7	0.2	2.2~3.1	7.0
抽穗期倒第2叶叶宽 WSLLH/cm	2.9	0.2	2.5~3.4	7.2
成熟期倒第2叶叶宽 WSLLM/cm	3.2	0.3	2.6~4.0	10.2
株高 PH/cm	151.7	22.3	88.2~197.0	14.7
穗长 SL/cm	23.1	2.9	18.1~28.5	12.6
穗粗 ST/cm	3.0	0.3	2.5~3.5	10.3
单穗重 SPW/g	22.1	3.1	17.0~28.1	13.9
单穗粒重 SGW/g	18.2	2.8	13.6~24.0	15.3
千粒重 TGW/g	2.9	0.2	2.6~3.2	6.6
产量 Y/（kg·hm^-2）	5 510.8	530.3	4 734.0~6 430.5	9.6

品种 Variety	生育日数 GP/d	株高 PH/cm	穗长 SL/cm	穗粗 ST/cm	单穗重 SPW/g	单穗粒重 SGW/g	千粒重 TGW/g	产量 Y/（kg·hm^-2）
公谷88号 Gonggu 88	122.5	88.2	18.8	3.0	23.4	19.9	3.1	5 904.0
黄金苗 Huangjinmiao	111.0	172.2	21.1	2.5	17.0	13.6	3.1	4 734.0
山西红谷 Shanxihonggu	107.0	183.5	21.4	2.6	18.2	14.5	2.8	4 812.0
金苗K2 Jinmiao K2	114.5	149.0	24.6	3.1	22.6	18.8	2.6	5 692.5
赤优金苗1号 Chiyoujinmiao 1	114.5	166.0	24.9	3.1	22.5	18.5	2.8	5 539.5
陇谷13号 Longgu 13	111.0	197.0	24.8	3.0	24.1	19.7	2.8	5 763.0
冀谷168 Jigu 168	114.5	146.2	24.7	3.4	24.3	20.1	2.8	6 013.5
冀谷39号 Jigu 39	117.5	148.0	21.7	2.9	18.2	15.1	3.1	5 152.5
张杂谷16号 Zhangzagu 16	119.0	134.1	22.4	2.7	22.5	18.5	3.2	5 530.5
豫谷18号 Yugu 18	117.5	141.6	24.8	3.2	21.9	18.0	2.6	5 236.5
豫谷35号 Yugu 35	120.0	148.0	25.6	3.4	25.8	21.3	2.9	6 180.0
嫩选18号 Nenxuan 18	111.5	156.0	27.4	3.5	28.1	24.0	3.1	6 430.5
嫩选15号 Nenxuan 15	100.0	146.8	28.5	3.3	22.2	18.2	3.2	5 460.0
龙谷38号 Longgu 38	96.5	165.0	20.7	3.0	22.2	18.0	2.8	5 368.5
九谷23号 Jiugu 23	116.5	143.0	18.1	3.3	18.0	14.2	2.9	4 881.0
朝谷58号 Chaogu 58	116.5	155.9	19.3	2.5	21.3	17.5	3.1	5 103.0
济谷22号 Jigu 22	124.0	135.9	25.5	3.4	25.0	20.8	2.7	6 126.0
大同29号 Datong 29	117.0	174.0	23.5	2.8	18.1	14.6	3.2	4 929.0
中谷9号 Zhonggu 9	117.0	144.9	25.1	2.7	26.3	21.8	3.1	6 346.5
中谷2号 Zhonggu 2	118.0	138.0	19.6	2.9	20.5	17.0	3.0	5 013.0

品种 Variety	生育日数 GP/d	株高 PH/cm	穗长 SL/cm	穗粗 ST/cm	单穗重 SPW/g	单穗粒重 SGW/g	千粒重 TGW/g	产量 Y/（kg·hm^-2）
公谷88号 Gonggu 88	122.5	88.2	18.8	3.0	23.4	19.9	3.1	5 904.0
黄金苗 Huangjinmiao	111.0	172.2	21.1	2.5	17.0	13.6	3.1	4 734.0
山西红谷 Shanxihonggu	107.0	183.5	21.4	2.6	18.2	14.5	2.8	4 812.0
金苗K2 Jinmiao K2	114.5	149.0	24.6	3.1	22.6	18.8	2.6	5 692.5
赤优金苗1号 Chiyoujinmiao 1	114.5	166.0	24.9	3.1	22.5	18.5	2.8	5 539.5
陇谷13号 Longgu 13	111.0	197.0	24.8	3.0	24.1	19.7	2.8	5 763.0
冀谷168 Jigu 168	114.5	146.2	24.7	3.4	24.3	20.1	2.8	6 013.5
冀谷39号 Jigu 39	117.5	148.0	21.7	2.9	18.2	15.1	3.1	5 152.5
张杂谷16号 Zhangzagu 16	119.0	134.1	22.4	2.7	22.5	18.5	3.2	5 530.5
豫谷18号 Yugu 18	117.5	141.6	24.8	3.2	21.9	18.0	2.6	5 236.5
豫谷35号 Yugu 35	120.0	148.0	25.6	3.4	25.8	21.3	2.9	6 180.0
嫩选18号 Nenxuan 18	111.5	156.0	27.4	3.5	28.1	24.0	3.1	6 430.5
嫩选15号 Nenxuan 15	100.0	146.8	28.5	3.3	22.2	18.2	3.2	5 460.0
龙谷38号 Longgu 38	96.5	165.0	20.7	3.0	22.2	18.0	2.8	5 368.5
九谷23号 Jiugu 23	116.5	143.0	18.1	3.3	18.0	14.2	2.9	4 881.0
朝谷58号 Chaogu 58	116.5	155.9	19.3	2.5	21.3	17.5	3.1	5 103.0
济谷22号 Jigu 22	124.0	135.9	25.5	3.4	25.0	20.8	2.7	6 126.0
大同29号 Datong 29	117.0	174.0	23.5	2.8	18.1	14.6	3.2	4 929.0
中谷9号 Zhonggu 9	117.0	144.9	25.1	2.7	26.3	21.8	3.1	6 346.5
中谷2号 Zhonggu 2	118.0	138.0	19.6	2.9	20.5	17.0	3.0	5 013.0

指标 Index	偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient	t值 t value	P值 P value
r（Y， X₃）	-0.687^*	2.991	0.012
r（Y， X₄）	0.507	1.860	0.090
r（Y， X₈）	-0.494	1.798	0.100
r（Y， X₉）	0.642^*	2.651	0.023
r（Y， X₁₃）	0.550	2.083	0.061
r（Y， X₁₉）	0.647^*	2.686	0.021
r（Y， X₂₀）	-0.299	0.992	0.343
r（Y， X₂₁）	0.573^*	2.212	0.049
r（Y， X₂₂）	0.489	1.773	0.104