宁南山区新优甘蓝品种品质及挥发性物质研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0320

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同品种甘蓝常规品质及挥发性物质间的差异，采用生理生化测定方法和气相离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry，GC-IMS）技术对8个品种甘蓝的外观品质、理化品质及挥发性组分进行检测，并对其品质进行综合评价。结果表明，叶球质量最大的为‘尼森’；‘探春’的纵径、呼吸强度高于其他品种；横径、维生素C含量最高的为‘晚丰’；‘成功65’可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性糖含量均最高。8个品种甘蓝中共鉴定出99种挥发性物质，其中醛类、醇类、杂环类物质是甘蓝特征性香气的主要成分；甘蓝的关键挥发性物质主要包括茴香脑、2-异丁基-3-甲基吡嗪、5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醇、芳樟醇、乙酸异戊酯、苯乙醛、2-癸烯醛等。综合评价得分最高的是‘中甘107’，可作为新品种选育及定向育种的优良品种。以上研究结果为甘蓝后续开发利用提供了方向，为宁南山区甘蓝的品质评价、定向育种和生产加工提供理论依据。

关键词: 甘蓝, 采后品质, 挥发性物质, 主成分分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

In order to explore the differences in conventional quality and volatile components of different varieties of cabbage， the appearance quality， physical and chemical quality and volatile components of 8 varieties of cabbage were detected by physiological and biochemical methods and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS）， and their quality was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that ‘Nissen’ had the largest leaf head weight. The vertical diameter and respiratory intensity of ‘Tanchun’were higher than those of other varieties. The highest transverse diameter and vitamin C content were‘Wanfeng’； the contents of total soluble solids， titratable acidity and soluble sugar in ‘Chenggong 65’were the highest. A total of 99 volatile substances were identified in 8 varieties of cabbage， among which aldehydes， alcohols and heterocyclic substances were the main components of the characteristic aroma of cabbage. The key volatile substances of cabbage mainly included anethole， 2-isobutyl-3-methyl pyrazine， 5-methyl-2-furanmethanol， linalool， 3-methylbutyl acetate， benzene acetaldehyde， 2-decenal and so on. The comprehensive evaluation model was constructed， and the highest comprehensive score was ‘Zhonggan 107’， which could be considered as an excellent variety for new variety breeding and directional breeding. Above results provided a direction for the subsequent development and utilization of 8 varieties of cabbage， and provided a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation， directional breeding and production and processing of cabbage in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia.

Key words: cabbage, postharvest quality, volatile substances, principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S635.1

王婷, 杜婧含, 张光弟, 王江龙, 贾毅男, 王玉, 包文毅. 宁南山区新优甘蓝品种品质及挥发性物质研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(1): 165-180.

Ting WANG, Jinghan DU, Guangdi ZHANG, Jianglong WANG, Yinan JIA, Yu WANG, Wenyi BAO. Study on Quality and Volatile Substances of New Excellent Cabbage Varieties in Mountainous Area of Southern Ningxia[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(1): 165-180.

图/表 13

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品种 Variety	叶球质量 Leaf head weight/kg	横径 Transverse diameter/cm	纵径 Vertical diameter/cm	球形指数 Spherical index	形状 Shape
曼戈特 Mangete	1.21±0.06 bc	15.90±1.79 bc	18.33±1.07 abcd	1.17±0.07 ab	圆球 Round ball
探春 Tanchun	1.60±0.19 ab	15.07±0.73 bc	21.77±1.34 a	1.44±0.04 a	牛心状 Beef heart-shaped
尼森 Nisen	2.13±0.04 a	17.93±0.09 bc	19.00±0.25 abc	1.06±0.01 abc	圆球 Round ball
佳美特 Jiameite	1.51±0.09 a	15.93±0.79 bc	15.27±0.15 bcd	0.96±0.04 bcd	圆球 Round ball
成功65 Chenggong 65	1.27±0.09 bc	13.90±0.87 c	15.13±1.57 cd	1.11±0.17 abc	圆球 Round ball
中甘107 Zhonggan 107	0.94±0.10 c	19.50±1.15 ab	13.70±0.87 d	0.71±0.08 cd	扁圆 Flat round
晚丰 Wanfeng	1.55±0.06 a	22.90±0.64 a	14.90±0.30 cd	0.65±0.01 d	扁圆 Flat round
苏甘198 Sugan 198	1.36±0.19 bc	14.53±0.49 c	20.27±1.44 ab	1.39±0.08 a	牛心状 Beef heart-shaped

品种 Variety	叶球质量 Leaf head weight/kg	横径 Transverse diameter/cm	纵径 Vertical diameter/cm	球形指数 Spherical index	形状 Shape
曼戈特 Mangete	1.21±0.06 bc	15.90±1.79 bc	18.33±1.07 abcd	1.17±0.07 ab	圆球 Round ball
探春 Tanchun	1.60±0.19 ab	15.07±0.73 bc	21.77±1.34 a	1.44±0.04 a	牛心状 Beef heart-shaped
尼森 Nisen	2.13±0.04 a	17.93±0.09 bc	19.00±0.25 abc	1.06±0.01 abc	圆球 Round ball
佳美特 Jiameite	1.51±0.09 a	15.93±0.79 bc	15.27±0.15 bcd	0.96±0.04 bcd	圆球 Round ball
成功65 Chenggong 65	1.27±0.09 bc	13.90±0.87 c	15.13±1.57 cd	1.11±0.17 abc	圆球 Round ball
中甘107 Zhonggan 107	0.94±0.10 c	19.50±1.15 ab	13.70±0.87 d	0.71±0.08 cd	扁圆 Flat round
晚丰 Wanfeng	1.55±0.06 a	22.90±0.64 a	14.90±0.30 cd	0.65±0.01 d	扁圆 Flat round
苏甘198 Sugan 198	1.36±0.19 bc	14.53±0.49 c	20.27±1.44 ab	1.39±0.08 a	牛心状 Beef heart-shaped

品种 Variety	呼吸强度 Respiratory intensity/（mg·kg^-1·h^-1）	可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids/%	可滴定酸 Titratable acidity/%	维生素C Vitamin C/（mg·100 g^-1）	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%
曼戈特 Mangete	20.39±1.57 a	8.17±0.09 b	0.11±0.01 ab	15.38±0.24 b	3.78±0.21 bc
探春 Tanchun	25.75±1.57 a	8.10±0.17 b	0.12±0.01 ab	15.74±0.12 ab	3.94±0.21 abc
尼森 Nisen	11.14±1.06 bc	6.67±0.28 c	0.09±0.01 b	15.15±0.47 b	3.28±0.18 c
佳美特 Jiameite	5.79±0.61 c	8.13±0.07 b	0.17±0.01 ab	15.98±0.61 ab	3.87±0.17 abc
成功65 Chenggong 65	12.62±0.61 b	9.57±0.20 a	0.18±0.02 a	16.57±0.72 ab	4.64±0.18 a
中甘107 Zhonggan 107	13.00±1.14 b	8.47±0.15 b	0.14±0.01 ab	17.75±0.41 ab	4.06±0.17 abc
晚丰 Wanfeng	12.39±0.59 b	8.43±0.15 b	0.15±0.03 ab	18.34±0.43 a	4.11±0.15 abc
苏甘198 Sugan 198	20.88±1.47 a	9.40±0.26 a	0.09±0.03 b	17.75±1.02 ab	4.51±0.09 ab

品种 Variety	呼吸强度 Respiratory intensity/（mg·kg^-1·h^-1）	可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids/%	可滴定酸 Titratable acidity/%	维生素C Vitamin C/（mg·100 g^-1）	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%
曼戈特 Mangete	20.39±1.57 a	8.17±0.09 b	0.11±0.01 ab	15.38±0.24 b	3.78±0.21 bc
探春 Tanchun	25.75±1.57 a	8.10±0.17 b	0.12±0.01 ab	15.74±0.12 ab	3.94±0.21 abc
尼森 Nisen	11.14±1.06 bc	6.67±0.28 c	0.09±0.01 b	15.15±0.47 b	3.28±0.18 c
佳美特 Jiameite	5.79±0.61 c	8.13±0.07 b	0.17±0.01 ab	15.98±0.61 ab	3.87±0.17 abc
成功65 Chenggong 65	12.62±0.61 b	9.57±0.20 a	0.18±0.02 a	16.57±0.72 ab	4.64±0.18 a
中甘107 Zhonggan 107	13.00±1.14 b	8.47±0.15 b	0.14±0.01 ab	17.75±0.41 ab	4.06±0.17 abc
晚丰 Wanfeng	12.39±0.59 b	8.43±0.15 b	0.15±0.03 ab	18.34±0.43 a	4.11±0.15 abc
苏甘198 Sugan 198	20.88±1.47 a	9.40±0.26 a	0.09±0.03 b	17.75±1.02 ab	4.51±0.09 ab

种类 Kind	化合物名称 Name of compound	CAS编号 CAS number	分子式 Molecular formula	保留指数 Retention index	保留时间 Retention time/s	漂移时间 Migration time/s
酸类 Acid	辛酸 Octanoic acid	C124072	C₈H₁₆O₂	1 161.4	539.378	1.000
	丙酸 Propanoic acid	C79094	C₃H₆O₂	655.1	83.000	1.087
	己酸 Hexanoic acid	C142621	C₆H₁₂O₂	996.5	305.932	1.639
	丁酸 Butyric acid	C107926	C₄H₈O₂	782.8	154.443	1.387
	乙酸 Acetic acid	C64197	C₂H₄O₂	596.0	55.977	1.043
	壬酸 Nonanoic acid	C112050	C₉H₁₈O₂	1 280.9	916.265	1.559
	2-甲基丁酸 2-methylbutanoic acid	C116530	C₅H₁₀O₂	877.2	214.747	1.470
酯类 Ester	乙酸乙酯 Acetic acid ethyl ester	C141786	C₄H₈O₂	590.2	53.855	1.086
	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	C142927	C₈H₁₆O₂	997.4	306.894	1.941
	乙酸丁酯 Butyl acetate	C123864	C₆H₁₂O₂	795.8	162.275	1.229
	乳酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate	C97643	C₅H₁₀O₃	833.4	186.097	1.142
	乙酸苯乙酯 2-phenylethyl acetate	C103457	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	1 280.6	915.091	1.310
	异戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate	C108645	C₇H₁₄O₂	859.0	202.829	1.259
	苯甲酸乙酯 Ethyl benzoate	C93890	C₉H₁₀O₂	1 151.0	519.551	1.257
	异丁酸乙酯 Ethyl isobutyrate	C97621	C₆H₁₂O₂	718.9	117.979	1.202
	丙位庚内酯 5-propyldihydro-2（3H）-furanone	C105215	C₇H₁₂O₂	1 172.1	561.688	1.651
	苯乙酸乙酯 Ethyl phenylacetate	C101973	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	1 227.9	716.680	1.302
	乙酸异戊酯 3-methylbutyl acetate	C123922	C₇H₁₄O₂	855.1	200.324	1.733
醛类 Aldehyde	糠醛 Furfural	C98011	C₅H₄O₂	800.6	165.227	1.325
	丁醛 Butanal	C123728	C₄H₈O	597.5	56.562	1.123
	戊醛 Pentanal	C110623	C₅H₁₀O	680.7	96.915	1.179