不同复合基质对盆栽芫荽生长状况的综合评价

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0816

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨复合基质对盆栽芫荽生长状况、同化物积累与品质的影响，进而筛选出适宜盆栽芫荽生长的基质配比，以‘大叶香菜’为材料，将草炭、椰糠、珍珠岩和蛭石复配成9种不同栽培基质，研究不同复合基质的理化性质及其对盆栽芫荽生长与品质的影响，并结合主成分分析法和隶属函数法对不同复合基质的盆栽芫荽进行综合分析。结果表明，与对照相比，草炭∶椰糠=2∶1（T2处理）时提高了芫荽植株的株高、茎粗、同化物积累量、可溶性蛋白质含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素含量和维生素C含量；干鲜比、根冠比及壮苗指数分别为18.61、10.85、9.48。草炭∶椰糠=2∶1（T2处理）的复合基质配方培育的芫荽生长指标和品质指标优良，可用于芫荽的盆栽栽培。

关键词: 复合基质, 芫荽, 盆栽, 生长, 综合评价

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of nine different substrates on the growth， assimilate accumulation and quality of potted coriander， and then to select the suitable substrate ratio for the growth of potted coriander， ‘Large Leaf Cilantro’ was as the material and peat， coconut bran， perlite and vermiculite were compounded into cultivation substrates. The physicochemical properties of different substrates and their effects on the growth and quality of potted coriander were studied， and a comprehensive analysis of the potted coriander was conducted with different substrates by combining principal component analysis and affiliation function method. The results showed that the plant height， stem diameter， assimilate accumulation， soluble protein content， carotenoid content， chlorophyll content and vitamin C content of coriander plants were improved with the peat： coconut bran =2∶1 （T2 treatment） compared with the control， and the dry to fresh ratio， root to crown ratio and seedling strength index were 18.61， 10.85 and 9.48， respectively. The compound substrate formulation of peat： coconut bran =2∶1 （T2 treatment） produced excellent growth and quality indexes of coriander， which could be used for pot cultivation of coriander.

Key words: compound substrate, Coriandrum sativum L., potted plant, growth, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S636.9

张力方, 李志元, 刘宇翔, 张红丽, 秦勇. 不同复合基质对盆栽芫荽生长状况的综合评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(5): 204-214.

Lifang ZHANG, Zhiyuan LI, Yuxiang LIU, Hongli ZHANG, Yong QIN. Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Composite Substrates on Growth Condition of Coriandrum sativum L.[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(5): 204-214.

图/表 9

参考文献 32

1	CHAHAL K K, SINGH R, KUMAR A, et al.. Chemical composition and biological activity of Coriandrum sativum L. [J]. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour., 2018, 8:193-203.
2	江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(下册) [M]. 上海:上海人民出版社,1996.
3	VEENA S, MANU S.Validation of therapeutic claims of Allium sativum and Coriandrum sativum with potential pharmacological value: a review [J]. Int. Pharmaceut Sci., 2014, 4(1):1-13.
4	BHAT S, KAUSHA P, KAUR M, et al.. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.):processing, nutritional and functional aspects [J]. African J. Plant Sci., 2014(8): 25-33.
5	LARIBI B, KOUKI K, HAMDI M M, et al.. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and its bioactive constituents [J]. Fitoterapia, 2015(3):12.
6	NEFFATI M, MARZOUK B.Changes in essential oil and fatty acid composition in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves under saline conditions [J]. Ind. Crop Prod., 2008,28:137-142.
7	王闯,曹娜,徐宁,等.不同配比基质对番茄幼苗质量的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学,2019, 47(12):54-56.
	WANG C, CAO N, XU N,et al.. Effects of different substrates on the quality of tomato seedlings [J]. J.Anhui Agric. Sci., 2019, 47(12):54-56.
8	高婷,沙毓沧,陆琳,等.不同基质配比对白菜幼苗生长的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2021(7):33-37.
	GAO T, SHA Y C, LU L,et al.. Effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of cabbage seedlings [J]. Northern Hortic., 2021(7):33-37.
9	王跃华,张明科,惠麦侠,等.不同椰糠配比基质对白菜幼苗生长的影响 [J]. 南方农业学报,2019,50(12):2749-2754.
	WANG Y H, ZHANG M K, HUI M X,et al.. Effects of different coco peat substrates on the growth of cabbage seedlings [J]. Southern J. Agric. Sci., 2019, 50(12):2749-2754.
10	仇淑芳,杨乐琦,黄丹枫,等.草炭椰糠复合基质对‘紫油菜’生长和品质的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2016,34(2):40-46.
	QIU S F, YANG L Q, HUANG D F,et al.. Effects of turf coco peat composite substrate on the growth and quality of ‘purple rape’ [J]. J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Agric. Sci.), 2016, 34(2):40-46.
11	秦立金,马燕妮,胡海奇,等.不同微生物菌肥对芫荽的促生效果研究[J]. 赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2019,35(8):30-33.
	QIN L J, MA Y N, HU H Q,et al.. Study on the growth-promoting effect of different microbial fertilizers on coriander [J]. J. Chifeng Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2019, 35(8):30-33.
12	李彩霞,林碧英,杨玉凯,等.椰糠、蚯蚓粪复合基质对茄幼苗生长的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学,2019,47(2):145-148.
	LI C X, LIN B Y, YANG Y K,et al.. The effect of the compound substrate of coconut bran and vermicompost on the growth of eggplant seedlings [J]. Jiangsu Agric. Sci., 2019, 47(2):145-148.
13	温建军.温室香菜-油菜-番茄高效栽培技术[J]. 现代农业科技,2017(9):96-97.
	WEN J J. High-efficiency cultivation technology of greenhouse coriander-oilseed rape-tomato [J]. Mod. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2017(9):96-97.
14	孙曙红,宋丽,俞晓红,等.香菜栽培技术[J]. 上海蔬菜,2019(6):32-33.
	SUN S H, SONG L, YU X H,et al.. Cultivation technology of coriander [J]. Shanghai Veget., 2019(6):32-33.
15	董高春,崔广波.香菜秋季大田高产栽培技术[J]. 现代农业科技,2020(8):56-57.
	DONG G C, CUI G B.High-yield cultivation techniques of coriander field in autumn [J]. Mod. Agric. Sci. Technol.,2020(8):56-57.
16	江胜德.现代园艺栽培介质[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,2006:1-210.
17	胡婷婷.栽培基质对几种蔬菜有机生态型无土栽培的影响[D].延吉:延边大学, 2015.
	HU T T.The influence of the cultivation substrate on the organic and ecological soilless culture of several vegetables [D]. Yanji: Yanbian University, 2015.
18	宋秀华,王秀峰,魏珉.基质添加沸石对番茄幼苗营养状况及生长的影响[J]. 山东农业科学,2004(2):27-29.
	SONG X H, WANG X F, WEI M.The effect of adding zeolite to the substrate on the nutritional status and growth of tomato seedlings [J]. Shandong Agric. Sci., 2004(2):27-29.
19	崔秀敏,王秀峰.黄瓜穴盘育苗基质特性及育苗效果的研究[J]. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001(2):124-128.
	CUI X M, WANG X F.Study on the characteristics of cucumber plug seedling substrate and its effect [J]. J. Shandong Agric. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2001(2):124-128.
20	李合生,陈翠莲,洪玉枝,等.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2000:1-278.
21	高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M]. 西安:世界图书出版公司,2000:1-287.
22	林海明,张文霖.主成分分析与因子分析的异同和SPSS软件——兼与刘玉玫、卢纹岱等同志商榷[J]. 统计研究,2005(3):65-69.
	LIN H M, ZHANG W L.The similarities and differences between principal component analysis and factor analysis and SPSS software—and discussion with Liu Yumei and Lu Wendai [J]. Statistical Res., 2005(3):65-69.
23	崔秀敏,王秀峰,孙春华,等.番茄育苗基质特性及其育苗效果[J]. 上海农业学报,2001(3):68-71.
	CUI X M, WANG X F, SUN C H,et al.. Characteristics of tomato seedling substrate and its seedling effect [J]. Shanghai J. Agric.,2001(3):68-71.
24	刘升学,于贤昌,刘伟,等.有机基质配方对袋培番茄生长及产量的影响[J]. 西北农业学报,2009,18(3):184-188.
	LIU S X, YU X C, LIU W,et al.. Effect of organic substrate formulation on the growth and yield of bagged tomatoes [J]. Northwest J. Agric.,2009,18(3):184-188.
25	陈素娟,孙娜娜.不同基质配比对番茄秧苗生长的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学,2013, 41(6):128-130.
	CHEN S J, SUN N N.Effect of different substrate ratios on the growth of tomato seedlings [J]. Jiangsu Agric. Sci.,2013,41(6):128-130.
26	张明伟.新型椰糠基质与泥炭基质栽培小白菜效果研究[J]. 现代农业科技,2019(1):73,75.
	ZHANG M W. Research on the effect of new coconut bran substrate and peat substrate for cultivating Chinese cabbage [J]. Mod. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2019 (1): 73,75.
27	陈月红,童晓利,曹荣祥,等.不同草炭配制基质对草莓高架育苗的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学,2016,44(11):186-188.
	CHEN Y H, TONG X L, CAO R X,et al.. Effect of different grass charcoal formulation substrates on strawberry raised seedlings [J]. Jiangsu Agric. Sci.,2016,44(11):186-188.
28	宋晓晓,邹志荣,曹凯,等.不同有机基质对生菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):153-160.
	SONG X X, ZOU Z R, CAO K,et al.. Effects of different organic substrates on yield and quality of lettuce [J]. J. Northwest Agric. For. Univ. Sci. Technol. (Nat. Sci.),2013,41(6):153-160.
29	时振宇,陈健,贾凯,等.不同配比基质对黄瓜、番茄幼苗生长及品质的影响[J]. 天津农业科学,2020,26(1):76-81, 90.
	SHI Z Y, CHEN J, JIA K,et al.. Effects of different ratios of substrates on the growth and quality of cucumber and tomato seedlings [J]. Tianjin Agric. Sci.,2020,26(1):76-81, 90.
30	KRAUSE G H, WEIS E. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis:the basics [J]. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.,2003,42(1):313-349.
31	周畅,洪家胜.不同配比的基质对生产产量和品质的影响[J]. 农业科技通讯,2010(7):103-107.
	ZHOU C, HONG J S. Effect of different ratios of substrates on production yield and quality [J]. Bull. Agric. Sci. Tech., 2010(7):103-107.
32	王树鹏,王博,于宏祥,等.不同配方基质对日光温室辣椒果实品质及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2015,31(10):63-68.
	WANG S P, WANG B, YU H X,et al.. Effect of different formulated substrates on fruit quality and yield of sunshine greenhouse peppers [J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2015, 31(10):63-68.

处理 Treatment	草炭 Peat	椰糠 Coconut bran	珍珠岩 Perlite	蛭石 Vermiculite
CK	4	—	2	2
T1	3	1	—	2
T2	2	1	—	—
T3	1	1	2	2
T4	—	1	—	1
T5	—	2	1	1
T6	—	3	—	1
T7	—	4	1	1
T8	—	7	2	1

处理 Treatment	草炭 Peat	椰糠 Coconut bran	珍珠岩 Perlite	蛭石 Vermiculite
CK	4	—	2	2
T1	3	1	—	2
T2	2	1	—	—
T3	1	1	2	2
T4	—	1	—	1
T5	—	2	1	1
T6	—	3	—	1
T7	—	4	1	1
T8	—	7	2	1

处理 Treatment	容重 Volume weight/（g·cm^-3）	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity/%	持水孔隙度 Water-holding Porosity/%	气水比 Gas water ratio	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ （mS·cm^-1）
CK	0.21±0.01 f	50.13±1.07 a	12.19±0.96 b	37.94±2.03 a	0.32±0.04 c	7.10±0.10 bc	1.00±0.13 a
T1	0.29±0.04 de	48.55±2.91 a	15.45±0.75 a	33.10±3.65 b	0.47±0.08 abc	7.47±0.03 a	0.59±0.04 bc
T2	0.26±0.03 e	48.66±2.82 a	16.67±0.97 a	31.99±3.79 b	0.53±0.10 a	7.07±0.08 bc	0.49±0.09 bc
T3	0.27±0.02 e	47.48±1.59 a	15.80±1.30 a	31.68±2.61 b	0.50±0.08 ab	7.28±0.04 ab	0.64±0.06 b
T4	0.44±0.02 b	37.68±0.25 b	11.43±0.35 bc	26.25±0.50 c	0.44±0.02 abc	7.04±0.09 cd	0.95±0.05 a
T5	0.31±0.01 d	36.48±0.72 b	10.48±0.95 bcd	26.01±0.77 c	0.40±0.05 abc	7.11±0.12 bc	0.66±0.05 b
T6	0.52±0.00 a	22.06±1.71 e	5.85±0.62 e	16.20±1.14 e	0.36±0.02 bc	6.97±0.05 cd	0.40±0.03 c
T7	0.39±0.01 c	31.73±1.66 c	9.72±2.49 cd	22.01±3.56 cd	0.46±0.19 abc	6.96±0.01 cd	0.40±0.03 c
T8	0.41±0.01 bc	28.29±1.04 d	8.49±0.61 d	19.81±0.50 de	0.43±0.02 abc	6.82±0.03 d	0.60±0.02 bc

处理 Treatment	容重 Volume weight/（g·cm^-3）	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity/%	持水孔隙度 Water-holding Porosity/%	气水比 Gas water ratio	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ （mS·cm^-1）
CK	0.21±0.01 f	50.13±1.07 a	12.19±0.96 b	37.94±2.03 a	0.32±0.04 c	7.10±0.10 bc	1.00±0.13 a
T1	0.29±0.04 de	48.55±2.91 a	15.45±0.75 a	33.10±3.65 b	0.47±0.08 abc	7.47±0.03 a	0.59±0.04 bc
T2	0.26±0.03 e	48.66±2.82 a	16.67±0.97 a	31.99±3.79 b	0.53±0.10 a	7.07±0.08 bc	0.49±0.09 bc
T3	0.27±0.02 e	47.48±1.59 a	15.80±1.30 a	31.68±2.61 b	0.50±0.08 ab	7.28±0.04 ab	0.64±0.06 b
T4	0.44±0.02 b	37.68±0.25 b	11.43±0.35 bc	26.25±0.50 c	0.44±0.02 abc	7.04±0.09 cd	0.95±0.05 a
T5	0.31±0.01 d	36.48±0.72 b	10.48±0.95 bcd	26.01±0.77 c	0.40±0.05 abc	7.11±0.12 bc	0.66±0.05 b
T6	0.52±0.00 a	22.06±1.71 e	5.85±0.62 e	16.20±1.14 e	0.36±0.02 bc	6.97±0.05 cd	0.40±0.03 c
T7	0.39±0.01 c	31.73±1.66 c	9.72±2.49 cd	22.01±3.56 cd	0.46±0.19 abc	6.96±0.01 cd	0.40±0.03 c
T8	0.41±0.01 bc	28.29±1.04 d	8.49±0.61 d	19.81±0.50 de	0.43±0.02 abc	6.82±0.03 d	0.60±0.02 bc

处理 Treatment	干鲜比 Dry to fresh ratio	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	壮苗指数 Strong seedling index
CK	14.17±0.34 cd	6.60±0.38 f	8.05±0.21 c
T1	11.00±0.57 e	6.11±0.27 g	9.57±0.89 a
T2	18.61±0.76 a	10.85±0.41 a	9.48±0.62 ab
T3	16.61±0.22 b	9.49±0.35 b	7.25±0.68 de
T4	13.72±0.62 d	8.64±0.30 cd	5.76±0.16 f
T5	16.45±0.56 b	8.90±0.27 c	6.49±0.50 ef
T6	14.59±0.16 cd	8.68±0.29 cd	9.35±0.74 ab
T7	15.21±0.49 c	8.29±0.61 de	7.76±0.40 cd
T8	15.77±0.73 c	7.96±0.33 e	7.88±0.32 cd