遮光处理对盆景灵芝生长发育和酶活性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0782

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究遮光处理对盆景灵芝生长发育和不同生长时期子实体活性成分含量及相关酶活性的影响，以‘盆景灵芝3号’为研究菌株，采用不同密度遮阳网来控制光照强度，设置0%（自然光照，T0）、50%（T1）、70%（T2）和90%遮阳率（T3）共4个处理，分析不同遮光处理下盆景灵芝的农艺性状和不同生长期内多糖、三萜、可溶性蛋白含量及相关酶活性的变化。结果表明，T2处理灵芝出原基时间提前，原基个数增加；且成熟期灵芝菌盖为金黄色，颜色鲜亮有光泽、整齐度好，优于其他处理；同时多糖含量最高。T0处理灵芝菌盖的直径、厚度和菌柄长度及产量均表现较差；且在灵芝生长的4个时期中多糖含量最低，可溶性蛋白含量最高。随着遮阳率的增加，灵芝木质素酶活性逐渐增大，漆酶在原基期时活性最低，锰过氧化物酶在原基期活性最高。T2处理灵芝超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于其他处理。综上所述，光照强度不仅影响灵芝的生长发育，还会影响灵芝的次生代谢物含量和酶活性变化，自然光照对灵芝有较强的胁迫作用，易激发灵芝体内产生活性氧，使得抗氧化酶活性急剧升高，间接降低了木质素酶的催化活性，因此，70%遮阳率更有利于盆景灵芝的生长发育。

关键词: 盆景灵芝, 光照强度, 生长发育, 酶活性

Abstract:

To explore the effects of shading treatment on the growth and development of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum and the contents of active components and related enzyme activities in fruiting bodies at different growth stages， ‘Bonjing Ganoderma lucidum 3’ was used as the experimental research strain， and shade nets of different densities were used to control the light intensity， with 0% （T0）， 50% （T1）， 70% （T2） and 90% shading rate （T3）. The agronomy characters and changes of polysaccharide of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum under different shading conditions were analyzed， and the contents of triterpenoid， soluble protein and the related enzyme activities in different growth stages were determined. The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum of T2 treatment appeared earlier， more number of primordia， golden yellow cap， bright color， glossiness and uniformity at the mature stage， which was better than other treatments with the highest polysaccharide content. Under T0 treatment， the lid diameter， thickness， stipe length and yield of Ganoderma lucidum fungus were the worst， with the lowest polysaccharide content and the highest soluble protein content. With the increase of the shading rate， the activity of ligninase in Ganoderma lucidum increased gradually， the activity of laccase was the lowest in the primordial stage， and the manganese peroxidase was the highest in the primordial stage. The activities of superoxide dismutase， catalase and peroxidase in Ganoderma lucidum of T2 treatment were significantly higher than other treatments. In conclusion， the light intensity not only affected the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum， but also affected the contents of secondary metabolites and enzyme activities in Ganoderma lucidum. Natural light intensity had stress on Ganoderma lucidum， which stimulated the reactive oxygen species in Ganoderma lucidum and increased sharply the activities of antioxidant enzymes， indirectly reduced the catalytic activity of ligninase. Above results showed that 70% shading rate was in favour of the growth and development of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum.

Key words: bonsai Ganoderma lucidum, light intensity, growth and development, enzyme activity

中图分类号:

Q935

金鑫, 张璐, 吴鹏, 李萍, 谭伟, 桂明英. 遮光处理对盆景灵芝生长发育和酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 147-156.

Xin JIN, Lu ZHANG, Peng WU, Ping LI, Wei TAN, Mingying GUI. Effects of Shading Treatment on Growth and Enzyme Activity of Bonsai Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 147-156.

图/表 11

表1 盆景灵芝不同生长期特征

Table 1 Characteristics of different growth periods of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum

序号

Number

生长期

Growth period

特征

Character

原基形成期

Primordium formation stage

白色瘤状物 White tumor

菌柄形成期

Stipe formation stage

菌柄长8~10 cm，菌盖准备开始分化

Stipe is 8~10 cm long， and the cap is ready to differentiate

菌盖分化期

Cap differentiation stage

子实体边缘白色，中间黄色 Fruiting body is white at the edge and yellow in the middle

子实体成熟期

Fruiting body maturity

菌盖表面黄色，边缘白色全部消失，并有少量孢子粉喷出

Surface of the cap is yellow， the edge is white， all disappear， and a small amount of spore powder ejects

图1 盆景灵芝生长的不同时期A：原基形成期；B：菌柄形成期；C：菌盖分化期；D：子实体成熟期

Fig. 1 Different periods of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum growthA： Primordium formation stage； B： Stipe formation stage； C： Cap differentiation stage； D： Fruiting body maturation stage

表2 不同处理下盆景灵芝子实体的生长发育

Table 2 Growth and development of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies under different treatments

处理 Treatment

原基形成时间

Primordium formation time/d

原基数量

Primordial number

菌盖形状

Pileus shape

菌盖颜色

Cap color

菌盖光泽度

Cap glossiness

8.56±0.12 a

113.50±7.38 b

不规则、畸形

Irregularity， deformity

浅黄色

Light yellow

差

No luster

7.48±0.09 b

139.65±9.21 a

朵形、较整齐

Flower shape， relatively neat

黄色

Yellow

较好

Glossy

7.45±0.14 b

140.58±8.69 a

朵形、整齐

Flower shape， tidiness

金黄色

Golden

好

Good gloss

7.45±0.11 b

137.23±10.25 a

朵形、不整齐

Flower shape， irregularity

暗褐色/红色

Dark brown/red

一般

Little gloss

图2 不同处理下盆景灵芝的生长

Fig. 2 Growth of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum under different treatments

表3 不同处理下盆景灵芝的农艺性状和产量

Table 3 Agronomic characteristics and yield of bonsai Ganodermalucidum under different treatments

处理 Group	菌盖直径 Cap diameter/cm	菌盖厚度 Pileus thickness/cm	菌柄长度 Stipe length/cm	产量（干重） Yield （dry weight）/kg
T0	9.82±0.82 d	1.13±0.12 d	5.34±0.52 d	14.25±1.23 d
T1	14.37±1.17 b	1.56±0.13 b	7.56±0.56 b	18.57±1.78 b
T2	18.45±1.34 a	1.85±0.16 a	8.86±0.74 a	26.35±2.04 a
T3	13.65±1.41 c	1.37±0.15 c	6.34±1.13 c	15.58±1.52 c

表4 不同处理下盆景灵芝额活性成分含量

Table 4 Contents of active ingredients of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum under different treatments

性状Trait	时期 Stage	T0	T1	T2	T3
多糖含量 Polysaccharide content/%	S1	0.52±0.02 b	0.56±0.01 a	0.62±0.04 a	0.55±0.01 a
	S2	0.78±0.04 b	0.92±0.08 a	0.88±0.07 a	0.86±0.07 a
	S3	1.57±0.03 c	1.78±0.02 b	1.93±0.03 a	1.96±0.01 ab
	S4	1.73±0.04 c	1.85±0.05 b	2.01±0.04 a	1.97±.06 ab
三萜含量 Triterpene content/%	S1	0.71±0.02 ab	0.65±0.01 b	0.78±0.03 a	0.63±0.01 b
	S2	0.57±0.01 b	0.72±0.02 a	0.68±0.04 a	0.55±0.01 b
	S3	0.83±0.03 b	0.86±0.03 ab	0.92±0.01 a	0.71±0.02 c
	S4	0.86±0.06 b	0.93±0.04 a	1.02±0.02 a	0.78±0.03 c
可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content/（mg·g^-1）	S1	7.95±0.21 a	7.85±0.15 a	5.68±0.12 b	2.56±0.08 c
	S2	12.58±0.27 a	11.36±0.32 b	8.94±0.15 c	4.58±0.11 d
	S3	22.36±0.75 a	21.34±0.56 a	12.58±0.33 b	7.24±0.25 c
	S4	20.50±0.76 a	16.58±0.71 b	10.26±0.53 c	5.36±0.42 d

图3 不同处理下盆景灵芝的木质素酶活性注：同一时期不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Ligninase activity of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stage indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同处理下盆景灵芝的SOD活性注：同一时期不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 SOD activity of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stage indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同处理下盆景灵芝的CAT活性注：同一时期不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 CAT activity of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stage indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 不同处理下盆景灵芝的POD活性注：同一时期不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 POD activity of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stage indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图7 盆景灵芝不同生长期MDA含量注：同一时期不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 7 MDA content of bonsai Ganoderma lucidum under different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same stage indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

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