黄芪饲料添加剂对羔羊生长性能、血清Ig和瘤胃发酵功能及微生物菌群特征的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0667

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解黄芪饲料添加剂对早期断奶羔羊机体免疫、瘤胃发酵功能及瘤胃微生物菌群特征的影响，选择30只健康、体重相近（14.63±1.22 kg）的断奶羔羊（45日龄）开展饲喂试验。对照组饲喂基础日粮，黄芪组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上添加0.3%的黄芪添加剂。试验结束后对羔羊的体重、血清免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin，Ig）含量、瘤胃微生物菌群特征及发酵参数进行测定分析。结果表明，黄芪组羔羊日增重高于对照组，但差异不显著；黄芪组血液的IgA和IgM含量显著高于对照组；黄芪组瘤胃中的挥发性脂肪酸（volatile fatty acids，VFAs）含量显著高于对照组，其中乙酸和丁酸含量差异极显著，且黄芪组的氨态氮（NH₃-N）含量也极显著高于对照组。瘤胃微生物16S rRNA分析发现，黄芪组和对照组的微生物菌群特征存在显著差异，在门水平，拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）在黄芪组的相对丰度极显著高于对照组，而厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）在黄芪组的相对丰度极显著低于对照组；在属水平，普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）和琥珀酸菌属（Succiniclasticum）在黄芪组的相对丰度极显著高于对照组。微生物的基因与功能预测结果显示，能量代谢、多聚糖生物合成与代谢等通路在黄芪组显著富集。相关性分析发现，瘤胃微生物菌群与发酵产物VFAs、Ig间存在显著相关性。因此，黄芪作为饲料添加剂可增强羔羊机体免疫力，改善羔羊瘤胃微生物菌群结构，提高瘤胃发酵能力，从而缓解早期断奶羔羊的应激反应。

关键词: 羔羊, 黄芪添加剂, 瘤胃微生物, 挥发性脂肪酸, 相关性分析

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of Astragalus additive on immunity， rumen fermentation function and rumen microbiota structure of early weaned lambs， 30 healthy early weaned lambs （45 d） with similar body weight （14.63±1.22 kg） were selected for feeding experiment. The control group was fed the basal diet， and the Astragalus group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% Astragalus additive. After the experiment， the body weight， serum immunoglobulin （Ig） content， rumen microbiota characteristics and fermentation parameters of lambs were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the daily gain of lambs in Astragalus group was higher than that in control group， but the difference was not significant. IgA and IgM contents of serum in Astragalus group were significantly higher than those in control group. Rumen volatile fatty acids （VFAs） contents in Astragalus group were significantly higher than those in control group. Among VFAs， the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in Astragalus group were extremely significant difference with those in control group. And ammonia nitrogen （NH₃-N） content in Astragalus group was also extremely significantly higher than that in control group. Gastric microbial 16S rRNA analysis showed that there were significant differences between Astragalus group and control group. At the phylum level， the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in Astragalus group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group， and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the Astragalus group was extremely significantly lower than that in control group. At the genus level， the relative abundances of Prevotella and Succiniclasticum in Astragalus group were extremely significantly higher than those in control group. Microbial gene and function prediction results showed that the pathways of energy metabolism， glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly enriched in Astragalus group. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between rumen microbiota and fermentation products VFAs and Ig. Therefore， Astragalus as a feed additive could enhance the immunity of lambs， improve the structure of rumen microbiota， increase rumen fermentation capacity， and alleviate the stress response of early weaned lambs.

Key words: lamb, Astragalus additive, rumen microbiota, volatile fatty acids, correlation analysis

中图分类号:

S826

邵鹏阳, 沙玉柱, 刘秀, 陈国顺, 朱才业, 王继卿, 王翻兄, 陈小伟, 杨文鑫. 黄芪饲料添加剂对羔羊生长性能、血清Ig和瘤胃发酵功能及微生物菌群特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 83-94.

Pengyang SHAO, Yuzhu SHA, Xiu LIU, Guoshun CHEN, Caiye ZHU, Jiqing WANG, Fanxiong WANG, Xiaowei CHEN, Wenxin YANG. Effects of Astragalus Feed Additive on Growth Performance， Serum Ig， Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota of Lambs[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 83-94.

图/表 12

表1 不同处理组早期断奶羔羊的生长性能

Table 1 Growth performance of early weaned lambs under different treatments

指标Index	处理Treatment
指标Index	CK	HQ
初始体质量 Initial weight	14.50±1.46 a	14.75±1.81 a
终末体质量 Final weight	29.28±3.76 a	30.43±4.71 a
日增重Average daily gain	0.25±0.05 a	0.26±0.08 a

表2 不同处理组早期断奶羔羊血清的免疫球蛋白水平 (μg·mL-1)

Table 2 Serum Ig levels of early weaned lambs under different treatments

指标Index	处理Treatment		P值 P value
指标Index	CK	HQ	P值 P value
IgA	19.28±1.78	28.29±1.86	0.004
IgM	6.07±1.58	9.11±0.60	0.035
IgG	831.18±22.94	824.41±107.35	0.924

表3 不同处理早期断奶羔羊瘤胃的VFAs及NH3-N含量

Table 3 Effect of Astragalus additive on rumen fermentation parameters of early weaned lambs

指标Index	处理Treatment		P 值 P value
指标Index	CK	HQ	P 值 P value
乙酸Acetic/（mmol·L^-1）	15.61±1.33	18.37±0.23	0.002
丙酸Propionic/（mmol·L^-1）	5.20±0.04	5.22±0.01	0.467
异丁酸Isobutyric/（mmol·L^-1）	0.81±0.02	0.78±0.04	0.103
丁酸Butyrate/（mmol·L^-1）	2.86±0.12	3.69±0.40	0.002
异戊酸Isovaleric/（mmol·L^-1）	1.05±0.06	0.94±0.04	0.012
戊酸Valeric/（mmol·L^-1）	0.71±0.01	0.72±0.06	0.757
总酸Total VFAs/（mmol·L^-1）	26.25±1.21	29.72±0.45	0.000
氨氮NH₃-N/（mg·100 mL^-1）	16.25±2.48	20.31±0.94	0.009

图1 微生物OTU分布

Fig. 1 Microbial OTU distribution

图2 稀释性曲线

Fig. 2 Dilution curve

表4 不同处理组微生物的Alpha多样性

Table 4 Alpha diversity of microorganism under different treatments

指标 Index	处理Treatment		P 值 P value
指标 Index	HQ	CK	P 值 P value
ACE指数ACE index	765.88	763.22	0.648
Chao1指数Chao1 index	768.90	766.06	0.648
Simpson指数Simpson index	0.96	0.98	0.004
Shannon指数Shannon index	7.00	7.26	0.001

图3 门水平物种相对丰度

Fig. 3 Relative abundance of species at phylum level

图4 属水平物种相对丰度

Fig. 4 Relative abundance of species at genus level

图5 LDA值分布直方图

Fig. 5 LDA value distribution histogram

图6 KEGG通路富集分析

Fig. 6 KEGG pathway enrichment analysis

图7 COG通路富集分析

Fig. 7 COG pathway enrichment analysis

图8 羔羊瘤胃微生物与瘤VFAs、免疫球蛋白的相关性分析注：*、**和***分别表示在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平相关显著。

Fig. 8 Correlation analysis of rumen microbiota with VFAs and immunoglobulin in lambsNote： *， ** and *** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05， P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

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